Surface roughness analysis, modelling and prediction in selective laser melting
Citations
4,192 citations
Cites methods from "Surface roughness analysis, modelli..."
...The average surface roughness (Ra) is numerically calculated as [194]:...
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...2(a)–(e) shows the SEM images of the alloy powders produced by different processes....
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...SEM, X-ray CT and SRlT can accurately measure shape, size and distribution of very small pores....
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...Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray and computed tomography (CT) are used to examine the shape and the surface morphology of the powder particles [43]....
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...16(b) shows a scanning electron microscope (SEM) [189] image of a lack of fusion defect that is about 100 mm in size....
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984 citations
Cites background from "Surface roughness analysis, modelli..."
...Giovanni et al. [61] investigated the surface roughness and morphology in SLM parts....
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...Those structures need to be built frommetal; therefore focus is given to processes, such as SLS/SLM, DMD and EBM for industrial uses....
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...The operating principle is really close to the SLS/SLM process, albeit lacking in a powder bed; instead powder is fed by a number of nozzles (usually 3) directly to the processing head, similar to that of LENS....
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...Selective laser melting (SLM) Selective laser melting is a process similar to SLS; the two are instantiations of the same concept but differ in technical details....
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...An interesting approach was presented by Cho et al. [48], modelling the SLA process Table 2 AM modelling approaches categorized according to modelling method Process Modelling method Type Name Analytical Numerical Empirical Laser-based (polymerization) SLA [25–33] [34, 35] [36–49] Laser-based (melting) SLS [50] [51–58] [59] SLM [60, 61] [51, 52, 60, 62, 63] DMD [56] LPD [64, 65] SLC [55, 66, 67] Extrusion (thermal) FDM [57, 68–72] [68, 72–78] [58, 79, 80] Material jetting 3DP [65] [81, 82] Adhesive LOM [33] Electron beam EBM [83–87] via a genetic algorithm model in order to determine the optimal process parameters (which include layer thickness, hatch spacing and hatch overcure) that would yield the minimum part build error....
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Cites background from "Surface roughness analysis, modelli..."
...…L. Blunta, R.K. Leachb, J.S. Taylorc a EPSCRC Centre for Innovation in Advanced Metrology, University of Huddersfield, UK b Manufacturing Metrology Team, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, UK c Center for Precision Metrology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte and Lawrence...
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505 citations
Cites background from "Surface roughness analysis, modelli..."
...Surface defects are also produced by the balling effect, which prevents the achievement of smooth surfaces (Li et al., 2012, Strano et al., 2013; Townsend et al., 2016)....
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...The surface finishing depends on the surface orientation with respect to the growth direction (Fox et al., 2016, Strano et al., 2013)....
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References
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