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Journal ArticleDOI

Surface-tailoring chlorine resistant materials and strategies for polyamide thin film composite reverse osmosis membranes

About: This article is published in Frontiers of Chemical Engineering in China.The article was published on 2021-11-23 and is currently open access. It has received 5 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Thin-film composite membrane & Membrane.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article , the surface of thin film composite RO membrane was modified by complexing tannic acid (TA) and silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), which was used for enhancing the chlorine resistance while Ag NPs act as a biocide to mitigate biofouling.

4 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article , a review of the capabilities of an adsorptive membrane in removing boron is presented, highlighting the issues of commercially available adorptive membranes and the drawbacks of adsorbents incorporated in single-layered membranes.
Abstract: The complexity of removing boron compounds from aqueous systems has received serious attention among researchers and inventors in the water treating industry. This is due to the higher level of boron in the aquatic ecosystem, which is caused by the geochemical background and anthropogenic factors. The gradual increase in the distribution of boron for years can become extremely toxic to humans, terrestrial organisms and aquatic organisms. Numerous methods of removing boron that have been executed so far can be classified under batch adsorption, membrane-based processes and hybrid techniques. Conventional water treatments such as coagulation, sedimentation and filtration do not significantly remove boron, and special methods would have to be installed in order to remove boron from water resources. The blockage of membrane pores by pollutants in the available membrane technologies not only decreases their performance but can make the membranes prone to fouling. Therefore, the surface-modifying flexibility in adsorptive membranes can serve as an advantage to remove boron from water resources efficiently. These membranes are attractive because of the dual advantage of adsorption/filtration mechanisms. Hence, this review is devoted to discussing the capabilities of an adsorptive membrane in removing boron. This study will mainly highlight the issues of commercially available adsorptive membranes and the drawbacks of adsorbents incorporated in single-layered adsorptive membranes. The idea of layering adsorbents to form a highly adsorptive dual-layered membrane for boron removal will be proposed. The future prospects of boron removal in terms of the progress and utilization of adsorptive membranes along with recommendations for improving the techniques will also be discussed further.

3 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper , a high performance fluoride adsorbent was prepared for the removal of fluoride from industrial wastewater by calcination and polyacrylic acid impregnation, and the removal capacity and removal of efficiency were 98.61 mg/g and 98.7%, respectively.
Abstract: A high performance fluoride adsorbent was prepared for the removal of fluoride from industrial wastewater by calcination and polyacrylic acid impregnation. Through batch experiments, the removal capacity of the adsorbent for fluorine and the influence of key factors (calcination temperature, dosage of polyacrylic acid, pH, initial fluorine concentration and dosage of adsorbent) on the efficiency of the adsorbent for fluoride removal was investigated. The maximum adsorption capacity and removal of efficiency were 98.61 mg/g and 98.7%, respectively. The adsorption kinetics and isotherm studies showed that the pseudo second order model and Langmuir isotherm model fitted this adsorption process better. Moreover, the mechanism of F − removal by CS, C-CS, PAA@C-CS were further analyzed by SEM, EDS, XRD and FTIR. F - in wastewater were found to be adsorbed on the surface of adsorbent through electrostatic interaction, ion exchange and surface coordination. Recovery is achieved by desorption of the adsorbent material by NaOH (0.1 M). As a highly resourced and eco-friendly adsorbent for removal of F − from industrial wastewater, PAA@C-CS has a promising application for controlling industrial water pollution. • A simple and economical method was used for defluorination of wastewater. • PAA@C-CS were efficient for the removal of low fluoride content. • Fluoride removal occurred simultaneously by ion exchange, surface coordination and electrostatic attraction. • The method overcame the limitation of solid waste in applications.

1 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a top-down thermal oxidation etching of bulk g-C3N4 in air has been shown to improve the photocatalytic activities of the material in terms of OH radical generation and hydrogen evolution.
Abstract: Graphitic (g)-C3N4 with a layered structure has the potential of forming graphene-like nanosheets with unusual physicochemical properties due to weak van der Waals forces between layers. Herein is shown that g-C3N4 nanosheets with a thickness of around 2 nm can be easily obtained by a simple top-down strategy, namely, thermal oxidation etching of bulk g-C3N4 in air. Compared to the bulk g-C3N4, the highly anisotropic 2D-nanosheets possess a high specific surface area of 306 m2 g-1, a larger bandgap (by 0.2 eV), improved electron transport ability along the in-plane direction, and increased lifetime of photoexcited charge carriers because of the quantum confinement effect. As a consequence, the photocatalytic activities of g-C3N4 nanosheets have been remarkably improved in terms of OH radical generation and photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.

2,900 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper aims to inspire readers to search for further new applications for this material in catalysis and in other fields by describing the methods used for synthesizing this material with different textural structures and surface morphologies.
Abstract: Graphitic carbon nitride, g-C3N4, is a polymeric material consisting of C, N, and some impurity H, connected via tris-triazine-based patterns. Compared with the majority of carbon materials, it has electron-rich properties, basic surface functionalities and H-bonding motifs due to the presence of N and H atoms. It is thus regarded as a potential candidate to complement carbon in material applications. In this review, a brief introduction to g-C3N4 is given, the methods used for synthesizing this material with different textural structures and surface morphologies are described, and its physicochemical properties are referred. In addition, four aspects of the applications of g-C3N4 in catalysis are discussed: (1) as a base metal-free catalyst for NO decomposition, (2) as a reference material in differentiating oxygen activation sites for oxidation reactions over supported catalysts, (3) as a functional material to synthesize nanosized metal particles, and (4) as a metal-free catalyst for photocatalysis. Th...

919 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the physicochemical properties of reserve osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) polyamide (PA) membranes are largely determined by their PA chemistry and coatings, if any.

877 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Mar 2019
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors review the synthesis techniques most commonly used to produce these graphene derivatives, discuss how synthesis affects their key material properties, and highlight some examples of nanocomposites with unique and impressive properties.
Abstract: Thanks to their remarkable mechanical, electrical, thermal, and barrier properties, graphene-based nanocomposites have been a hot area of research in the past decade. Because of their simple top-down synthesis, graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) have opened new possibilities for gas barrier, membrane separation, and stimuli-response characteristics in nanocomposites. Herein, we review the synthesis techniques most commonly used to produce these graphene derivatives, discuss how synthesis affects their key material properties, and highlight some examples of nanocomposites with unique and impressive properties. We specifically highlight their performances in separation applications, stimuli-responsive materials, anti-corrosion coatings, and energy storage. Finally, we discuss the outlook and remaining challenges in the field of practical industrial-scale production and use of graphene-derivative-based polymer nanocomposites.

801 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide an updated review of studies related to membrane modules (plate and frame, tubular, spiral wound, and hollow fiber) and membrane characterization and discuss membrane cleaning and different pre-treatment technologies in place for RO desalination, such as feed-water pretreatment and biocides.

660 citations