Surface Texturing in Machine Elements − A Critical Discussion for Rolling and Sliding Contacts
About: This article is published in Advanced Engineering Materials.The article was published on 2019-08-01. It has received 148 citations till now.
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TL;DR: In this article, the synergy between surface textures and solid lubricants is discussed, with particular emphasis on the underlying mechanisms, gaps in the existing understanding of these synergies are identified and opportunities for future research are suggested.
214 citations
Cites background from "Surface Texturing in Machine Elemen..."
...the increase of the hydrodynamic film thickness and load bearing capacity [19, 37, 50-52],...
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...Considering that success or failure of surface texturing depends on contact and operation conditions, the use of surface texturing for different machine elements (seals, gears, roller bearings and piston-ring assemblies in automotive systems) has also been reviewed, providing guidelines for optimal texture design for each application and lubricated condition [19]....
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...Among these technological approaches, surface textures [16-19] and solid lubricant coatings [20, 21] are two of the most promising avenues being explored to improve friction and wear....
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...Despite the promise of these technologies, both surface textures and coatings have limitations, and their limitations become particularly evident under high load and low speed conditions [18-21]....
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TL;DR: A review of the recent advances and developments of LST for enhanced tribological properties of engineering materials can be found in this paper, where the effects of laser parameters on the texture features are highlighted.
149 citations
TL;DR: A wide range of fundamental applications, specifically in aerospace components, automobile parts, wind turbines, micro‐/nano‐electromechanical systems, atomic force microscopes, and biomedical devices are highlighted.
Abstract: There has been tremendous interest in the development of different innovative wear-resistant materials, which can help to reduce energy losses resulted from friction and wear by ≈40% over the next 10-15 years. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the recent progress on designs, properties, and applications of wear-resistant materials, starting with an introduction of various advanced technologies for the fabrication of wear-resistant materials and anti-wear structures with their wear mechanisms. Typical strategies of surface engineering and matrix strengthening for the development of wear-resistant materials are then analyzed, focusing on the development of coatings, surface texturing, surface hardening, architecture, and the exploration of matrix compositions, microstructures, and reinforcements. Afterward, the relationship between the wear resistance of a material and its intrinsic properties including hardness, stiffness, strength, and cyclic plasticity is discussed with underlying mechanisms, such as the lattice distortion effect, bonding strength effect, grain size effect, precipitation effect, grain boundary effect, dislocation or twinning effect. A wide range of fundamental applications, specifically in aerospace components, automobile parts, wind turbines, micro-/nano-electromechanical systems, atomic force microscopes, and biomedical devices are highlighted. This review is concluded with prospects on challenges and future directions in this critical field.
140 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the current knowledge in the field of multi-scale surface textures applied to tribological systems from an experimental and numerical point of view is presented, and the existing knowledge and hypotheses about the underlying driven mechanisms responsible for the improved tribological performance of multiscale textures are summarized, and future trends in this research direction are emphasized.
Abstract: Surface texturing has been frequently used for tribological purposes in the last three decades due to its great potential to reduce friction and wear. Although biological systems advocate the use of hierarchical, multi-scale surface textures, most of the published experimental and numerical works have mainly addressed effects induced by single-scale surface textures. Therefore, it can be assumed that the potential of multi-scale surface texturing to further optimize friction and wear is underexplored. The aim of this review article is to shed some light on the current knowledge in the field of multi-scale surface textures applied to tribological systems from an experimental and numerical point of view. Initially, fabrication techniques with their respective advantages and disadvantages regarding the ability to create multi-scale surface textures are summarized. Afterwards, the existing state-of-the-art regarding experimental work performed to explore the potential, as well as the underlying effects of multi-scale textures under dry and lubricated conditions, is presented. Subsequently, numerical approaches to predict the behavior of multi-scale surface texturing under lubricated conditions are elucidated. Finally, the existing knowledge and hypotheses about the underlying driven mechanisms responsible for the improved tribological performance of multi-scale textures are summarized, and future trends in this research direction are emphasized.
119 citations
Cites background from "Surface Texturing in Machine Elemen..."
...The general geometry and accuracy of the produced textures significantly affect the tribological behavior of the generated surfaces [22,23]....
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Abstract: Continuously increasing global population and, therefore, energy consumption as well as diminishing resources combined with environmental aspects such as global warming ask for more efficient, sustainable and reliable processes/applications of mechanically moving parts. Especially under harsh conditions, such as high temperatures, vacuum or dry contacts, 2D layered nano-materials used as solid lubricants have demonstrated to be promising candidates to ensure low friction and wear over the entire component’s lifetime. Therefore, this review article aims at summarizing the existing state-of-art regarding solid lubricants with a special emphasis on 2D layered nano-material beyond graphene including graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, MoS2, WS2 as well as Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets. Initially, experimental approaches allowing for a large-scale and layer-dependent synthesis are reviewed for each nano-material. Subsequently, their friction and wear mechanisms at the nano-scale are discussed. Afterwards, the ability to improve friction and wear are reviewed when using the aforementioned 2D nano-materials either as a solid lubricant, lubricant additive under lubricated conditions or reinforcement phase in composite materials. Finally, the existing challenges and shortcomings of each 2D nano-material are discussed before deriving the general conclusions and giving some future research directions.
74 citations
References
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1,744 citations
Pennsylvania State University1, University of Southampton2, Yale University3, University of Arizona4, Goddard Institute for Space Studies5, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences6, University of Chicago7, University of Washington8, University of Bern9, University of California, San Diego10
TL;DR: Policy-makers should consider expanding research into abrupt climate change, improving monitoring systems, and taking actions designed to enhance the adaptability and resilience of ecosystems and economies.
Abstract: Large, abrupt, and widespread climate changes with major impacts have occurred repeatedly in the past, when the Earth system was forced across thresholds. Although abrupt climate changes can occur for many reasons, it is conceivable that human forcing of climate change is increasing the probability of large, abrupt events. Were such an event to recur, the economic and ecological impacts could be large and potentially serious. Unpredictability exhibited near climate thresholds in simple models shows that some uncertainty will always be associated with projections. In light of these uncertainties, policy-makers should consider expanding research into abrupt climate change, improving monitoring systems, and taking actions designed to enhance the adaptability and resilience of ecosystems and economies.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the state of the art in LST and the potential of this technology in various lubricated applications like mechanical seals, piston rings and thrust bearings.
Abstract: Surface texturing has emerged in the last decade as a viable option of surface engineering resulting in significant improvement in load capacity, wear resistance, friction coefficient etc. of tribological mechanical components. Various techniques can be employed for surface texturing but Laser Surface Texturing (LST) is probably the most advanced so far. LST produces a very large number of micro-dimples on the surface and each of these micro-dimples can serve either as a micro-hydrodynamic bearing in cases of full or mixed lubrication, a micro-reservoir for lubricant in cases of starved lubrication conditions, or a micro-trap for wear debris in either lubricated or dry sliding. The present paper reviews the current effort being made world wide on surface texturing in general and on laser surface texturing in particular. It presents the state of the art in LST and the potential of this technology in various lubricated applications like mechanical seals, piston rings and thrust bearings. The paper also describes some fundamental on going research around the world with LST.
1,123 citations