Surfactant assisted production of ricinoleic acid using cross-linked and entrapped porcine pancreas lipase
01 Jun 2021-Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology (Informa UK Limited)-Vol. 42, Iss: 7, pp 947-955
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied the impact of surfactant augmentation on the performance of porcine pancreas lipase in castor oil to ricinoleic acid.
Abstract: This work studied hydrolysis of castor oil to ricinoleic acid, catalyzed by immobilized porcine pancreas lipase (PPL) and impact of surfactant on its augmentation. In immobilization of lipase throu...
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168 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors reviewed some reaction stages to the preparation of ricinoleic acid from castor oil, and the most effective technique was the hydrolysis through the use of the enzyme lipozyme TL IM.
Abstract: Castor oil is a vegetable product extracted from Ricinus communis L (castor seed), which is primarily considered an important commercial value for the manufacturing of soaps, lubricants, coatings, etc. It is rich in hydroxylated fatty acids (ricinoleic acid, 89-92%) and is widely used in the cosmetic, pharmaceutical, oleochemical, and agricultural industries. This oil has also been confirmed as a bactericidal, anti-inflammatory, and antiherpetic agents, due to the ricinoleic acid having functional groups, such as -COOH, -OH, and -C=C-. Furthermore, it is converted into various acid derivative compounds with several applications. Therefore, this article reviewed some reaction stages to the preparation of ricinoleic acid from castor oil. Several methods or reaction pathways were employed in the preparation procedure, such as the Twitchell and Colgate-Emery processes, as well as the alkaline catalyzed, transesterification with methyl ricinoleic, and lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis, respectively. Although each of these preparation methods has advantages and disadvantages, the most effective technique was the hydrolysis through the use of the enzyme lipozyme TL IM. Besides being a green method, the conversion rate in the hydrolysis process was 96.2 ± 1.5.
3 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the catalytic performance of lipase, an interfacially active enzyme, depends on the reaction medium, such as mixture of mixed micelles, which have advantages like improving lipase-substrate interaction, increasing water nucleophilicity, sometimes greater emulsion stability and reduced product inhibition.
Abstract: The catalytic performance of lipase, an interfacially active enzyme, depends on the reaction medium. Novel reaction media like mixed micelles affect lipase catalysis mostly by stabilizing the lipase structure and increasing the substrate solubilization. Nonionic surfactant addition in ionic micelles formed mixed micelles and increased lipase catalysis by lowering detrimental lipase-ionic surfactant hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions. Nonionic/nonionic mixed micelles enhanced activity and enantiomeric selectivity of free lipase but reduced those for immobilized lipase. Nonconventional cationic/cationic, anionic/nonionic/ionic liquid, and substrate/nonionic mixed micelles also improved lipase catalysis. Lipase activity was high in bile salt/surfactant mixed micelles but was low in bile salt/phospholipid mixed micelle. Mixed micelles have advantages like improving lipase-substrate interaction, increasing water nucleophilicity, sometimes greater emulsion stability, and reduced product inhibition. In mixed micelles, increasing the lipase concentration can overcome the problem regarding inaccessibility of insoluble substrates.
2 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the response surface methodology (RSM) has been used for process optimization to increase the yield of ricinoleic acid and decrease the oil loss, which microorganisms utilizes in biomass production.
Abstract: Ricinoleic acid is a biobased green chemical industrially produced from castor oil. Microbial conversion is a cleaner and greener approach to ricinoleic acid production from castor oil. These processes should be further optimized for a better yield of the product. Aspergillus flavus BU22S was used to convert castor oil into ricinoleic acid. The strain was isolated and identified by molecular biological techniques. It was found to be effective in the biotransformation of castor oil. The ricinoleic acid production and dry cell weight of the fungus were studied as functions of time. In this study, to increase the yield of ricinoleic acid and decrease the oil loss, which microorganisms utilizes in biomass production, response surface methodology (RSM) has been used for process optimization. The central composite design was used to optimize the predictor variables such as oil concentration (% w/v), glucose concentration (% w/v), and calcium chloride concentration (% w/v) to increase the overall yield of ricinoleic acid. A quadratic model was found to be the best fit to predict the responses of the experimental results. The model suggested that the concentrations of oil, glucose, and calcium chloride should be lower in order to increase the ricinoleic acid yield and minimize the oil loss. The bench scale studies of optimized conditions from RSM were also conducted. The yield of ricinoleic acid in batch and fed-batch culture studies was also compared. The yield of the ricinoleic acid in batch culture was 21.67 g/kg of total oil. The yield of ricinoleic acid in fed-batch culture in the absence of an external air supply was 46.77 g/kg of total oil. In this case, the oil loss was also reduced to only 12%.
References
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01 Jan 2011
TL;DR: In this article, the authors give a general introduction and basic outline about chemical nature of hydrolytic reactions, need and significance of enzymes reactions in physiological and industrial processes, and a brief information about susceptibility of various substrates to hydrolysis.
Abstract: The first two sections give a general introduction and basic outline about chemical nature of hydrolytic reactions, need and significance of hydrolytic reactions in physiological and industrial processes, and a brief information about susceptibility of various substrates to hydrolysis. The third section is dedicated to various physical methods of hydrolysis, which involves brief description of conventional methods (involving use of steam under pressure), while more emphasis is given to the relatively novel methods that involve the use of water in subcritical and supercritical state. The fourth section is dedicated to the chemical methods of hydrolysis, which mainly includes mechanism of acid-catalyzed and base-catalyzed hydrolytic reactions in brief. The most emphasis is given to the sixth section, which is devoted to enzymatic hydrolysis. This section on enzymatic hydrolysis covers classification of enzymes, detailed subclassification of hydrolytic enzymes (hydrolases), and detailed information on catalytic mechanism and industrial applications of enzymatic hydrolysis.
9 citations
"Surfactant assisted production of r..." refers background in this paper
...The conventional hydrolysis processes like base catalyzed process and high temperature splitting process have certain disadvantages like formation of ricinoleic acid estolide, an unwanted by-product([1]) and generation of characteristic odor and colour.([3]) Hydrolysis involving a biocatalyst (an enzyme called lipase) has certain advantages like moderate process conditions (ambient or slightly higher temperature, atmospheric pressure) and excellent product purity over conventional processes....
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TL;DR: In this paper, a combination of mixed surfactants with statistical optimization in lipase catalyzed oil hydrolysis is presented for the first time in this study. But the most significant variables were enzyme concentration and concentration of Tween 80, which led to formation of 99.69% of the total erucic acid in 1.25 h.
Abstract: Application of mixed surfactants coupled with statistical optimization in lipase catalyzed oil hydrolysis is presented for the first time in this study. Selective hydrolysis of brown mustard oil to erucic acid by porcine pancreas lipase was enhanced by mixed surfactants comprising of an oil-soluble nonionic surfactant (Span 80) and a watersoluble nonionic surfactant (Tween 80). The production of erucic acid was maximized using statistically designed experiments and subsequent analysis of their result by response surface methodology. The most significant variables were enzyme concentration and concentration of Tween 80. Small changes in pH and concentration of Span 80 also produced a significant change in the production of erucic acid. Temperature and speed of agitation were insignificant variables and were fixed at 35oC and 900 rpm, respectively. Under these conditions, the optimal combination of other variables were pH 9.65, 2.13 mg/g enzyme in oil, 9.8 × 10−3 M Span 80 (in oil), and 4 × 10−3 M Tween 80 (in buffer). These conditions led to formation of 99.69% of the total erucic acid in 1.25 h. Interaction of enzyme concentration with pH significantly affected erucic acid production.
7 citations
"Surfactant assisted production of r..." refers background or methods in this paper
...2020 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC have substrate and/or product specificity coupled with a high enantioselectivity and regioselectivity;[4] Goswami et al.[5] applied free Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) in castor oil hydrolysis to ricinoleic acid....
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...In the study by Goswami et al.([22]) 0....
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...Experimental design by central composite design in presence of cross-linked and entrapped lipase and surfactant A 2(4) full factorial central composite design or FFCCD was applied to obtain results to fit the following second order equation for four selected variables:([22]) JOURNAL OF DISPERSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 949...
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...Goswami et al.([22]) applied mixed surfactant system, comprising of Span 80 and Tween 80 at certain concentrations, to augment erucic acid formation from PPL catalyzed brown mustard oil hydrolysis....
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...Ranges of concentration of lipase, pH and surfactant concentration were selected based on the studies by Goswami et al.[5,8] Table 3 represents central composite design matrix of coded test variables and corresponding response (% ricinoleic acid recovery) in presence of cross-linked and entrapped lipase (PPL) and Span 80 (nonionic surfactant)....
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01 Jan 2013
TL;DR: The immobilized lipase from Burkholderia cepacia was first cross-linked with glutaraldehyde followed by entrapment into hybrid matrix of equal proportions of alginate and κ-carrageenan natural polymers giving promising results with stability parameters like pH, temperature, solvent, storage, enzyme leakage, and hydrolytic activity.
Abstract: Immobilization of lipases is gaining much attention these days due to the wide variety of reactions catalyzed by them. Moreover, the lipases play an important role in biodiesel production. In this study, lipase from Burkholderia cepacia was first cross-linked with glutaraldehyde followed by entrapment into hybrid matrix of equal proportions of alginate and κ-carrageenan natural polymers. The immobilized lipase gave promising results with stability parameters like pH, temperature, solvent, storage, enzyme leakage, and hydrolytic activity. A significant reduction of 65.76 % of enzyme leakage was obtained with this immobilized lipase. Moreover, a 100 % yield of biodiesel was produced from crude Jatropha curcas oil using this immobilized lipase.
5 citations
"Surfactant assisted production of r..." refers background in this paper
...In Developments in Sustainable Chemical and Bioprocess Technology; Ravindra, P., Bono, A., Chu, C., Eds....
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...[6] Abdulla, R.; Ravindra, P. Cross-Linked Lipase in Hybrid Matrix for Biodiesel Production from Crude Jatropha curcas Oil....
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...Abdulla and Ravindra([6]) observed that cross-linked and entrapped lipase had lower leakage and higher catalytic ability compared to only entrapped lipase....
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...Abdulla and Ravindra[6] observed that cross-linked and entrapped lipase had lower leakage and higher catalytic ability compared to only entrapped lipase....
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TL;DR: The results show that polyhydroxy compounds such as polymers, non-ionic surfactants or monomers added before entrapment or in the reaction incubation mixtures, gives different immobilized-lipase activity.
Abstract: We have used a model system to study the influence of different chemicals on the acidolysis activity of a very pure lipase from Rhizopus arrhizus . The lipase has been immobilized by entrapment of the enzyme into a hydrophobic photo-crosslinkable resin pre-polymer (ENTP-4000). The results show that polyhydroxy compounds such as polymers, non-ionic surfactants or monomers added before entrapment or in the reaction incubation mixtures, gives different immobilized-lipase activity, measured as the incorporation of radioactive fatty acid into triglycerides using n-hexane as the reaction medium. Of all the polyhydroxy compounds tested, Span 80 gave the highest increase in lipase activity, about 15-fold increase. It is possible to increase the activity of immobilized ENTP-4000 lipase from R. arrhizus about 6 times by replacing Celite with sorbitol before entrapment of the enzyme into the gel.
4 citations