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Proceedings ArticleDOI

Survey on team tracking techniques applied to sports

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TLDR
A classification of team tracking systems applied to sports is proposed by distinguishing them into two main categories: intrusive and nonintrusive, which are further refined into outdoor and indoor sports applications.
Abstract
Recent years have brought an increasing interest on analyzing efficiently the performance of sports players during training sessions and games. The information collected from such analysis is very valuable to educators and coaches since it allows them to better understand the difficulties of a trainee, a player or even an entire team and formulate adequate training and strategic plans accordingly. In order to perform this analysis in a consistent and systematic way, sophisticated sensory systems and data processing techniques are needed. This paper presents a survey on relevant work, current techniques and trends on the area of team tracking systems applied to sports. We propose a classification of these systems by distinguishing them into two main categories: intrusive and nonintrusive. Nonintrusive systems are further refined into outdoor and indoor sports applications. The specific characteristics of each system are itemized, including the identification of the strong points and limitations. Finally, the paper highlights some open issues and research opportunities on this area.

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Citations
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Visual Tracking: An Experimental Survey

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that trackers can be evaluated objectively by survival curves, Kaplan Meier statistics, and Grubs testing, and it is found that in the evaluation practice the F-score is as effective as the object tracking accuracy (OTA) score.
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A Survey of Content-Aware Video Analysis for Sports

TL;DR: This paper focuses on the video content analysis techniques applied in sportscasts over the past decade from the perspectives of fundamentals and general review, a content hierarchical model, and trends and challenges.
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Tracking Sports Players with Context-Conditioned Motion Models

TL;DR: This work employs hierarchical data association to track players in team sports and introduces a set of Game Context Features extracted from noisy detections to describe the current state of the match, such as how the players are spatially distributed.
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Content-Aware Summarization of Broadcast Sports Videos: An Audio–Visual Feature Extraction Approach

TL;DR: This paper proposes a method for automatically generating highlights from broadcast sports videos by extracting audio and visual features from a sports video using SIFT features, and automatically learns the scorebox template from a broadcast sports video and locates and extracts thetemplate from a video stream.
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Tracking by Identification Using Computer Vision and Radio

TL;DR: A novel system for detection, localization and tracking of multiple people, which fuses a multi-view computer vision approach with a radio-based localization system that achieves better localization results, while at the same time it successfully prevents propagation of identity switches that occur in pure computer-vision-based tracking.
References
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Algorithms for the Assignment and Transportation Problems

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Quantifying movement demands of AFL football using GPS tracking

TL;DR: The movement patterns of AFL football and differences between nomadic, forward and defender playing positions are quantified, and whether the physical demands have increased over a four season period is determined.
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Global positioning system: a new opportunity in physical activity measurement.

TL;DR: Overall findings show that GPS is a useful tool to augment the understanding of physical activity by providing the context (location) of the activity and used together with Geographical Information Systems can provide some insight into how people interact with the environment.
Journal ArticleDOI

Automatic player detection, labeling and tracking in broadcast soccer video

TL;DR: The testing results on FIFA World Cup 2006 videos demonstrate that the method can reach high detection and labeling precision, and reliably tracking in cases of scenes such as player occlusion, moderate camera motion and pose variation.
Journal ArticleDOI

Tracking soccer players aiming their kinematical motion analysis

TL;DR: A new way of trating occlusions is presented by splitting segmented blobs based on morphological operators and a backward and forward graph representation which allows an increasing in the number of frames automatically tracked.
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