Sustainable Development Through Effectual Lighting Design and Solar Energy Conservation
01 Dec 2018-
TL;DR: In the present work, to reinforce the green building concept at the university level, the efforts are put behind the lighting scheme and solar energy conservation, a scientific approach has been employed to increase visual and operative value.
Abstract: Development of green building has a crucial role to play to reduce the energy consumption and make efficient use of materials and energy across the globe. The advances in sustainable development benefit society, environment, and economy by conserving and restoring energy sources. In the present work, to reinforce the green building concept at the university level, the efforts are put behind the lighting scheme and solar energy conservation. In order to design an efficient lighting scheme, a scientific approach has been employed to increase visual and operative value. Harnessing solar energy on the other side, is also addressed with a view to reducing the consumption of conventional electrical energy. It focuses on the optimum design of the solar photovoltaic system for running electrical appliances. Particularly, the attention has also been paid to the technical specifications of the battery bank. At the later stage of the work, an illumination and an energy audit have been conducted for the proposed designs in terms of energy conservation, design, and implementation, cost-effective solutions, and savings in carbon emissions.
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01 Dec 2016
TL;DR: In this article, a commercial multi-storied buildings are designed for them to respond to the grid availability without affecting the working and life-style of people in the building to a significant extent.
Abstract: As India tries to add significant renewables to its coal-dominated energy mix, the problem of intermittent generation associated with renewables, is likely to be a problem Even though battery prices have been falling rapidly, any serious grid-level storage will push up the price of electricity beyond the affordability limit for a large section of Indian people The answer is in developing techniques, practices and policies, which enables the consumers to carry out load-management in response to grid-power availability If grid-power is surplus, the customer uses grid to the maximal extent, but when grid-power is in deficit, it uses it to minimal extent This paper focuses on commercial multi-storied buildings and discusses how power-systems can be designed for them to respond to the grid-availability without affecting the working and life-style of people in the building to a significant extent It proposes use of roof-top solar and DC power-line within buildings along with DC-powered appliances to significantly save energy It incorporates battery-storage and chilled-water storage, which coupled with use of DC motors or variable frequency drives, can help building cut its load to almost 50% or even less during grid-power shortage and draw power more than its load during surplus situation The paper goes beyond the concept and discusses actual implementation being carried out today It also discusses policies which will accelerate deployment of such designs benefiting both the customer as well as the grid-supply
1 citations
Book•
05 Sep 2016
TL;DR: In this article, the authors have presented an effort of 6th years teaching a course entitled "Utilization of Electrical Energy" at the Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Omar Elmoktar university, El-bieda, Libya.
Abstract: This book is the effort of 6th years teaching a course entitled "Utilization of Electrical Energy" at the Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Omar-Elmoktar university, El-bieda, Libya. Examples and problems appeared by the end of all chapters were given in both exercises projects and examination problems for this course. The book is divided into two parts. The first part for illumination and it is subdivided into four chapters. The second part for electric traction and it is subdivided into three chapters. Chapter 1: It presents introduction about the illumination like nature of light and terms used in illumination Chapter 2: It presents laws of illumination, Law of inverse squares and Lambert’s cosine law. Chapter 3: It presents different sources of light Chapter 4: It presents design of lighting schemes. Indoor design and outdoor design are given in this chapter. Chapter 5: It presents different Systems of traction for railroad operation. Chapter 6: It presents mechanics of train motion. The relation between the speed, time, and energy is explained. Speed time curves. Chapter 7: It presents different types of traction motors.
1 citations
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Book•
09 Mar 2011
TL;DR: The third edition of the International Disaster Management, Third Edition as discussed by the authors provides practitioners and students alike with a comprehensive understanding of the disaster management profession by utilizing a global perspective and including the different sources of risk and vulnerability, the systems that exist to manage hazard risk, and the many different stakeholders involved.
Abstract: Introduction to International Disaster Management, Third Edition, continues to serve as the leading comprehensive overview of global emergency management. This edition provides practitioners and students alike with a comprehensive understanding of the disaster management profession by utilizing a global perspective and including the different sources of risk and vulnerability, the systems that exist to manage hazard risk, and the many different stakeholders involved. This update examines the impact of many recent large-scale and catastrophic disaster events on countries and communities, as well as their influence on disaster risk reduction efforts worldwide. It also expands coverage of small-island developing states (SIDS) and explores the achievements of the United Nations Hyogo Framework for Action (2005-2015) and the priorities for action in the Post-2015 Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction currently under development. This useful, relevant text includes many changes that have occurred since the last edition for a better understanding of the rapidly advancing field of international disaster management. * Includes updated perspectives on recent events that have shaped the direction emergency management is taking today* Examines outcomes of the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) decade, such as insight into how disaster risk reduction has advanced globally, and how it differs among countries and regions* Updated statistics on disaster frequency and impact provide a better understanding about how and why risk and vulnerability are changing* Presents information on multilateral emergency management agreements as well as profiles of important NGOs and international organizations* Key terms and summaries are provided at the beginning of each chapter to ease student comprehension* Offers customized and updated instructor materials, including PowerPoint lecture slides, test banks, and a detailed instructor's guide
610 citations
TL;DR: The potential consequences for organisms of five management options to reduce night‐time light pollution are examined, including to prevent areas from being artificially lit, limit the duration of lighting, reduce the ‘trespass’ of lighting into areas that are not intended to be lit, and change the intensity of lighting.
Abstract: 1. Much concern has been expressed about the ecological consequences of night-time light pollution. This concern is most often focused on the encroachment of artificial light into previously unlit areas of the night-time environment, but changes in the spectral composition, duration and spatial pattern of light are also recognized as having ecological effects.
2. Here, we examine the potential consequences for organisms of five management options to reduce night-time light pollution. These are to (i) prevent areas from being artificially lit; (ii) limit the duration of lighting; (iii) reduce the ‘trespass’ of lighting into areas that are not intended to be lit (including the night sky); (iv) change the intensity of lighting; and (v) change the spectral composition of lighting.
3. Maintaining and increasing natural unlit areas is likely to be the most effective option for reducing the ecological effects of lighting. However, this will often conflict with other social and economic objectives. Decreasing the duration of lighting will reduce energy costs and carbon emissions, but is unlikely to alleviate many impacts on nocturnal and crepuscular animals, as peak times of demand for lighting frequently coincide with those in the activities of these species. Reducing the trespass of lighting will maintain heterogeneity even in otherwise well-lit areas, providing dark refuges that mobile animals can exploit. Decreasing the intensity of lighting will reduce energy consumption and limit both skyglow and the area impacted by high-intensity direct light. Shifts towards ‘whiter’ light are likely to increase the potential range of environmental impacts as light is emitted across a broader range of wavelengths.
4. Synthesis and applications. The artificial lightscape will change considerably over coming decades with the drive for more cost-effective low-carbon street lighting solutions and growth in the artificially lit area. Developing lighting strategies that minimize adverse ecological impacts while balancing the often conflicting requirements of light for human utility, comfort and safety, aesthetic concerns, energy consumption and carbon emission reduction constitute significant future challenges. However, as both lighting technology and understanding of its ecological effects develop, there is potential to identify adaptive solutions that resolve these conflicts.
385 citations
"Sustainable Development Through Eff..." refers background in this paper
...00 ©2018 IEEE This can be well-predicted that such type of development is typically seen in majority of the tasks that results into massive energy consumption and night-light pollution [11]....
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth in 38 UFM (Union for the Mediterranean) countries, from 1980 to 2010, using production model and recent econometric techniques ECM (Error Correction Model).
Abstract: Since the late 1970s, developed countries have realized that their material prosperity, based on intensive use of natural resources was threatened by the energy crises (oil shocks of 1973 and 1979). This awareness was the trigger of many empirical researches that studied the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth. As the industrial development model, based on non-renewable resources, is perceived as unbearable, it is essential to implement a new one that brings new challenges: Sustainable Development. In this strategy, energy saving and promotion policies are priorities. How can we maintain economic growth while respecting the rights of future generations to achieve their own development? Thus, we studied the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth. Our study focuses on a panel of 38 UFM (Union for the Mediterranean) countries, from 1980-to-2010. Using production model and recent econometric techniques ECM (Error Correction Model), a bidirectional relationship between energy consumption and economic growth has been identified in the long and the short term for the whole panel.
75 citations
Additional excerpts
...crises, economic growth and sustainable development [1]....
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed a water pumping system activated by monocrystalline and polycrystalline photovoltaic panels set at the State University of West Parana (UNIOESTE), Cascavel-PR.
Abstract: Solar energy is a clean and renewable option for energy production, being used for several purposes, such as water pumping, which is one of the most disseminated technologies regarding the use of photovoltaic solar energy. This work was developed in order to assess a water pumping system activated by monocrystalline and polycrystalline photovoltaic panels set at the State University of West Parana – UNIOESTE, Cascavel-PR. The research showed that the daily average volumes of water pumped during the experiment were 3536.45 and 4182.55 L respectively, for the monocrystalline and polycrystalline systems. Monocrystalline and polycrystalline photovoltaic panel efficiency was 9.40% and 6.57%, respectively. As for the system with complete pumping, the monocrystalline system presented an average global efficiency of 4.27%, at a cost for volume of water pumped and energy consumed during the system׳s life cycle of 0.10417 US$ m −3 and 0.70417 US$ kW h −1 , respectively, whereas the polycrystalline system showed global efficiency of 5.00% and costs of 0.09583 US$ m −3 and 1.2917 US$ kW h −1 .
44 citations
"Sustainable Development Through Eff..." refers background in this paper
...In the present work, owing to the considerable advantages over polycrystalline PV modules, monocrystalline PV panels are chosen [15]....
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Book•
07 Sep 2010
TL;DR: The Electric Power Principle: Sources, Conversion, Distribution and Use By James L. Kirtley, the 2020 edition published by Wiley, is aimed at educating engineers and researchers in designing, developing, and operating new types of electric power systems.
Abstract: Electric Power Principle: Sources, Conversion, Distribution and Use By James L. Kirtley Electric Power Principle: Sources, Conversion, Distribution and Use, the 2020 edition published by Wiley, is aimed at educating engineers and researchers in designing, developing, and operating new types of electric power systems. The initial use of this text was two courses at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT): 6.061 Introduction to Electric Power Systems and 6.685 Electric Machines. This text has been used and revised for more than three decades. It has educated numerous MIT undergraduate and graduate students, including myself as a postdoctoral fellow when I was at MIT. Kirtley is an engineer, researcher, and educator in the field of electrical engineering, with an emphasis on power systems and electric machinery. He has close to 50 years of experience working in these areas while at MIT, nurturing students over several decades. He worked for General Electric as an electrical engineer in the large steam turbine generator department. He joined Satcon Technology Corp. as the vice president and general manager of the tech center and a chief scientist. Based on his contributions, he was elected to the U.S. National Academy of Engineering, and he is a Fellow of IEEE. This book has 16 chapters. The first covers modern electric power systems’ basic structures. Chapter 2 covers electrical engineering fundamentals, while Chapter 3 expands on core theories and transmission lines. Chapter 4 examines common polyphase systems, and Chapter 5 covers electric circuit theory with mathematic derivations. Chapter 6 focuses on transformers for both singleand three-phase structures, while Chapter 7 examines polyphase transmission and distribution lines and introduces the per-unit system. Chapter 8 investigates the fundamentals of electromagnetic forces and loss mechanisms based on the energyconversion process. Chapter 9 dives into synchronous machines, ranging from basic modeling to application examples. Chapter 10 is about system analysis and protection, such as fault handling, and Chapter 11 presents load flow in power systems with Gauss–Seidel and Newtown–Raphson iterative techniques. Chapter 12 presents t he most com mon power electronic circuits. Chapter 13, a new chapter in this edition, reveals energy storage, including battery modeling and its associated power electronics. Chapter 14 elaborates on classical induction machine developments , a nd Chapter 15 examines dc machines. The final chapter examines permanent magnet materials. bo ok re vi ew
41 citations
"Sustainable Development Through Eff..." refers background in this paper
...more activities during day and night hours [4]....
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