Sustainable Tourism: An Evolving Global Approach
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an evolving global approach for sustainable tourism. But they do not consider the impact of climate change on the tourism industry, and they focus on sustainability issues.
Abstract: (1993). Sustainable Tourism: An Evolving Global Approach. Journal of Sustainable Tourism: Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 1-5.
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TL;DR: In this paper, a brief critique of some of the weaknesses in the sustainable tourism literature is presented, focusing on the role of tourism demand, the nature of tourism resources, the imperative of intra-generational equity, the importance of tourism in promoting sociocultural progress, the measurement of sustainability, and forms of sustainable development.
Abstract: Sustainable tourism has become an increasingly popular field of research since the late 1980s. However, the sustainable tourism debate is patchy, disjointed and often flawed with false assumptions and arguments. This paper is a brief critique of some of the weaknesses in the sustainable tourism literature. In particular, it explores six issues that are often overlooked but must be addressed in research: the role of tourism demand, the nature of tourism resources, the imperative of intra-generational equity, the role of tourism in promoting sociocultural progress, the measurement of sustainability, and forms of sustainable development. Finally, it is argued that in order to transform research on sustainable tourism to a more scientific level, a systems perspective and an interdisciplinary approach are indispensable.
962 citations
Cites background from "Sustainable Tourism: An Evolving Gl..."
...It is praised by Bramwell and Lane (1993) as a positive approach intended to reduce the tensions and friction created by the complex interactions between the tourism industry, tourists, the environment and the host communities so that the long-term capacity and quality of both natural…...
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed indicators to measure community tourism development within a sustainable framework using a modified Delphi technique, which employed a panel of 38 academic researchers in tourism provided input into developing the indicators.
921 citations
Cites background from "Sustainable Tourism: An Evolving Gl..."
...…for community tourism should aim to improve the residents’ quality of life by optimizing local economic benefits, by protecting the natural and built environment and provide a highquality experience for visitors (Bramwell & Lane, 1993; Hall & Lew, 1998; McIntyre, 1993; Stabler, 1997; UNCED, 1992)....
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...Sustainable development for community tourism should aim to improve the residents’ quality of life by optimizing local economic benefits and by protecting natural and built environment and provide a high-quality experience for visitors ( Bramwell & Lane, 1993 ; H all L McIntyre, 1993; Stabler, 1997; UNCED, 1992)....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that the concept of sustainable tourism should be redefined in terms of an over-arching paradigm which incorporates a range of approaches to the tourism/environment system within destination areas.
849 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyze how these limits are approached and evaluated in discussions on a local scale and recognize that behind the different understandings of them lie distinct traditions that are different in their focuses.
743 citations
Cites background from "Sustainable Tourism: An Evolving Gl..."
...1121 the present larger context of the tourism system, the industry and its development (Bramwell and Lane 1993; Mowforth and Munt 1998)....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the development of tourism in rural areas is discussed and the differences between agri-tourism and rural tourism are discussed. But the authors focus on the relationship between tourism in the countryside and the concept of sustainable tourism.
Abstract: This paper reviews the development of tourism in rural areas. It defines rural tourism as a discrete activity with distinct characteristics which may vary in intensity, and by area. It discusses the differences between agri‐tourism and rural tourism, and examines why there should be a special relationship between tourism in the countryside and the concept of sustainable tourism.
644 citations
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5,312 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1990
TL;DR: The tourist gaze mass tourism and the rise and fall of the seaside resort the changing economics of the tourist industry working under the tourist gaze cultural changes and the restructuring of tourism gazing on history tourism, culture and social inequality.
Abstract: The tourist gaze mass tourism and the rise and fall of the seaside resort the changing economics of the tourist industry working under the tourist gaze cultural changes and the restructuring of tourism gazing on history tourism, culture and social inequality.
2,991 citations
TL;DR: In this article, three basic assumptions, common in the literature on tourism, regarding "commoditization", "staged authenticity" and the inability of tourists to have authentic experiences are re-examined.
2,155 citations
Book•
01 Mar 1991
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an approach to tourism planning based on the planning process and general surveys of tourists in the United States and Europe, including: Tourist markets, facilities, services, and infrastructure.
Abstract: UNDERSTANDING TOURISM PLANNING. Background for Tourism Planning. Approach to Tourism Planning. NATIONAL AND REGIONAL TOURISM PLANNING. The Planning Process and General Surveys. Tourist Attractions and Activities. Tourist Markets, Facilities, Services, and Infrastructure. Planning Analysis and Synthesis. Tourism Policy and Plan Formulation. COMMUNITY LEVEL OF TOURISM PLANNING. Planning Tourist Resorts. Planning Urban and Other Forms of Tourism. Planning Tourist Attractions. Development and Design Standards. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIOECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS. Environmental Impacts. Socioeconomic Impacts. INSTITUTIONAL ELEMENTS AND PLAN IMPLEMENTATION. Planning the Institutional Elements of Tourism. Tourism Plan Implementation. Appendices. Selected Bibliography. Index.
969 citations
TL;DR: In The Innocents Abroad Mark Twain asserts that "travel is fatal to prejudice, bigotry and nar- rowmindedness... " and yet goes on, page after page, about the daily torture and anxiety involved in foreign travel as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Travel seems to generate consistently ambivalent or contradictory representa tions. Why is it that Levi-Strauss opens his travel autobiography Tristes Tropiques, which brought him such fame, by declaring that he hates traveling and travelers ( 1 1 1 : 15)? Why do so many tourists claim that they are not tourists themselves and that they dislike and avoid other tourists ( 1 1 5 : 1 0): Is this some modem cultural form of self-loathing? In The Innocents Abroad Mark Twain asserts that "travel is fatal to prejudice, bigotry and nar rowmindedness . . . " ( 198 , Vol. 2:407) and yet goes on, page after page, about the daily torture and anxiety involved in foreign travel . Fatigue, and the constant annoyance of beggars and guides "fill one with bitter prejudice" ( 198 , Vol . 1 :253), he comments. "Another beggar approaches. I will go out and destroy him and then come back and write another chapter of vitupera tion" ( 198 , Vol. 1 :269). Unlike Malinowski' s mythologizing record of par ticipant observation in his professional works , with embarrassing confessions, ambivalence, and hostility confined to his diary ( 1 1 8) , Twain serves up the negative, positive, and contradictory in a single work. Twain traveled and wrote at a time when the foundations of the modem travel industry were being laid; and if in 1 9th-century creative literature we have images of "travel ," in that of the 20th we find portrayed its contemporary degenerate offspring-mass tourism. "Degeneracy" is an image that keeps surfacing, and so not surprisingly representations of tourism are frequently even more hostile than those of travel. As MacCannell puts it, "The term 'tourist' is increasingly used as a derisive label for someone who seems content with his obviously inauthentic experiences" ( 1 1 5 :94). John Fowles
624 citations