SVM based effective watermarking scheme for embedding binary logo and audio signals in images
01 Nov 2008-pp 1-5
TL;DR: In this work, the generalization ability of SVM using a basic linear kernel for two different forms of copyright information is analyzed and the experimental results show the perceptual legibility of sound is better even when the watermarked image is heavily distorted.
Abstract: A watermarking scheme based on SVM is implemented and analyzed for two different forms of copyright information, a 34 times 45 binary image and a sound signal for utterance of a word. In this work, the generalization ability of SVM using a basic linear kernel for two different forms of copyright information is analyzed. During extraction, SVM is trained using an extra reference watermark. The perceptual legibility of image and the sound are taken as the objective parameter for analysis. The copyright information is embedded in the positions where the values of the pixels are well within the limit decided by the mean of the surrounding pixels. The perceptual legibility is found to be increased by the above step. The experimental results show the perceptual legibility of sound is better even when the watermarked image is heavily distorted.
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TL;DR: This paper presents a patchwork-based audio watermarking method to resist de-synchronization attacks such as pitch-scaling, time- scaling, and jitter attacks and has much higher embedding capacity.
Abstract: This paper presents a patchwork-based audio watermarking method to resist de-synchronization attacks such as pitch-scaling, time-scaling, and jitter attacks. At the embedding stage, the watermarks are embedded into the host audio signal in the discrete cosine transform (DCT) domain. Then, a set of synchronization bits are implanted into the watermarked signal in the logarithmic DCT (LDCT) domain. At the decoding stage, we analyze the received audio signal in the LDCT domain to find the scaling factor imposed by an attack. Then, we modify the received signal to remove the scaling effect, together with the embedded synchronization bits. After that, watermarks are extracted from the modified signal. Simulation results show that at the embedding rate of 10 bps, the proposed method achieves 98.9% detection rate on average under the considered de-synchronization attacks. At the embedding rate of 16 bps, it can still obtain 94.7% detection rate on average. So, the proposed method is much more robust to de-synchronization attacks than other patchwork watermarking methods. Compared with the audio watermarking methods designed for tackling de-synchronization attacks, our method has much higher embedding capacity.
78 citations
Cites methods from "SVM based effective watermarking sc..."
...So far, many audio watermarking methods have been developed, which employ various techniques such as spread spectrum [8]–[10], echo-hiding [11]–[16], support vector regression [1], [17], [18], and patchwork [2], [3], [19]–[21]....
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TL;DR: This paper proposes a new SS-based audio watermarking method which possesses much higher embedding capacity while ensuring satisfactory imperceptibility and robustness and is demonstrated by simulation examples.
Abstract: Audio watermarking is a promising technology for copyright protection of audio data. Built upon the concept of spread spectrum (SS), many SS-based audio watermarking methods have been developed, where a pseudonoise (PN) sequence is usually used to introduce security. A major drawback of the existing SS-based audio watermarking methods is their low embedding capacity. In this paper, we propose a new SS-based audio watermarking method which possesses much higher embedding capacity while ensuring satisfactory imperceptibility and robustness. The high embedding capacity is achieved through a set of mechanisms: embedding multiple watermark bits in one audio segment, reducing host signal interference on watermark extraction, and adaptively adjusting PN sequence amplitude in watermark embedding based on the property of audio segments. The effectiveness of the proposed audio watermarking method is demonstrated by simulation examples.
63 citations
TL;DR: A novel patchwork-based embedding and decoding scheme for digital audio watermarking that does not require information of which frame pairs of the watermarked audio signal enclose watermarks and is more robust to conventional attacks is presented.
Abstract: This paper presents a novel patchwork-based embedding and decoding scheme for digital audio watermarking. At the embedding stage, an audio segment is divided into two subsegments and the discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficients of the subsegments are computed. The DCT coefficients related to a specified frequency region are then partitioned into a number of frame pairs. The DCT frame pairs suitable for watermark embedding are chosen by a selection criterion and watermarks are embedded into the selected DCT frame pairs by modifying their coefficients, controlled by a secret key. The modifications are conducted in such a way that the selection criterion used at the embedding stage can be applied at the decoding stage to identify the watermarked DCT frame pairs. At the decoding stage, the secret key is utilized to extract watermarks from the watermarked DCT frame pairs. Compared with existing patchwork watermarking methods, the proposed scheme does not require information of which frame pairs of the watermarked audio signal enclose watermarks and is more robust to conventional attacks.
62 citations
Cites methods from "SVM based effective watermarking sc..."
...These audio watermarking methods use different techniques such as spread spectrum [11]–[13], echohiding [5], [6], [14]–[18], support vector regression [1], [19], [20], and patchwork [2], [3], [10], [21]....
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TL;DR: This paper proposes a novel SS-based audio watermarking method that can embed a large number of watermark bits into an audio signal without compromising the robustness against common attacks and is computationally efficient.
Abstract: Copyright protection of audio data is a serious problem and spread spectrum (SS) based audio watermarking is a promising technology to tackle this problem. Although a number of SS-based audio watermarking methods have been reported in the literature, they cannot achieve high robustness and embedding capacity at the same time. In this paper, we propose a novel SS-based audio watermarking method that can embed a large number of watermark bits into an audio signal without compromising the robustness against common attacks. Compared with the existing audio watermarking methods, the proposed one is especially robust against severe noise addition and compression attacks, while achieving high embedding capacity. Moreover, the new audio watermarking method is computationally efficient. The validity of the proposed SS-based audio watermarking method is demonstrated by simulation results.
55 citations
TL;DR: A novel patchwork-based audio watermarking algorithm that can embed and extract watermark bits successfully in such a multilayer framework and ensures the independence of the processing in different layers is presented.
Abstract: A multilayer watermarking system is a system that is able to embed watermarks to a host media signal repeatedly in an overlaying manner, without incurring troubles in extracting the watermarks in each layer. In this paper, we present a novel patchwork-based audio watermarking algorithm that can embed and extract watermark bits successfully in such a multilayer framework. In the proposed method, a new watermark embedding algorithm is designed to ensure that the embedded watermarks in a certain layer do not affect the detection of watermarks in other layers. Adding multiple layers of watermark bits inevitably reduces the perceptual quality. However, to minimize the perceptual quality degradation in multilayer watermarking, the audio fragments for watermark embedding are selected from a set of specially arranged discrete cosine transform coefficients of the host audio signal. Watermark embedding is achieved by modifying the mean values of selected sample fragments. With the use of an embedding error buffer, the proposed system can withstand a wide range of common attacks. To maintain the balance between the perceptual quality and robustness, watermark embedding strength is adjusted according to the specific layer used. The proposed multilayer scheme ensures the independence of the processing in different layers. The effectiveness of the proposed system is demonstrated and verified by extensive simulation results.
36 citations
Cites methods from "SVM based effective watermarking sc..."
...In the past decade, there are several audio watermarking algorithms developed based on techniques such as amplitude modification [3], patchwork [4]–[7], echo-hiding [8]–[15], spread spectrum [16]–[21], support vector regression [22]–[24], and others [25]–[27]....
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References
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01 Jul 1999
TL;DR: The basic concepts of watermarking systems are outlined and illustrated with proposed water marking methods for images, video, audio, text documents, and other media.
Abstract: Multimedia watermarking technology has evolved very quickly during the last few years. A digital watermark is information that is imperceptibly and robustly embedded in the host data such that it cannot be removed. A watermark typically contains information about the origin, status, or recipient of the host data. In this tutorial paper, the requirements and applications for watermarking are reviewed. Applications include copyright protection, data monitoring, and data tracking. The basic concepts of watermarking systems are outlined and illustrated with proposed watermarking methods for images, video, audio, text documents, and other media. Robustness and security aspects are discussed in detail. Finally, a few remarks are made about the state of the art and possible future developments in watermarking technology.
1,447 citations
"SVM based effective watermarking sc..." refers methods in this paper
...The transform based watermarking methods [2, 4] are well known for their robustness against various types of attacks like compression, rotation and distortion....
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01 Aug 2000
TL;DR: A novel method for embedding watermarks into a host image in the frequency domain is proposed and demonstrates that the watermark is robust to various attacks.
Abstract: A novel technique for embedding watermarks into a host image in the frequency domain is proposed. Unlike the traditional techniques, the method addresses that the watermark is embedded at low frequency. The weighted correction is also used to improve the imperceptibility of the watermark. Moreover the watermark is self-extractable and the algorithm is simple. Experimental results demonstrate that the watermark is robust to various attacks.
324 citations
"SVM based effective watermarking sc..." refers methods in this paper
...The transform based watermarking methods [ 2 , 4] are well known for their robustness against various types of attacks like compression, rotation and distortion....
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TL;DR: Owing to the good generalisation ability of the support vector machine, even when the watermarked image is heavily distorted the watermark can be successfully extracted.
Abstract: A novel watermarking scheme based on the support vector machine is proposed. The watermark is embedded in the blue channel of a colour image. By applying the embedded extra reference watermark, the support vector machine is trained, and then the watermark can be extracted by the trained support vector machine. Owing to the good generalisation ability of the support vector machine, even when the watermarked image is heavily distorted the watermark can be successfully extracted. Experimental results show good robustness of the proposed scheme.
51 citations
TL;DR: This work investigates how to design good watermark detectors taking into account the basics of communication theory and discusses different ways to achieve robustness to geometrical attacks and elaborate on watermark attacks.
Abstract: Digital watermarking, the art of robust information hiding in images, has gained a large interest in both research and industry in the past few years. Every watermarking system has two main parts: watermark embedding and watermark extraction/detection. Previous developments in the theoretical analysis of digital watermarking schemes have shown that there is a direct link between digital watermarking and communication theory. These parallels are extremely helpful when it comes to designing efficient and optimal watermark detectors. We focus on this issue and investigate how to design good watermark detectors taking into account the basics of communication theory. Furthermore, we discuss different ways to achieve robustness to geometrical attacks and elaborate on watermark attacks.
25 citations