Swimming Performance of Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss
01 Jan 2010-
About: The article was published on 2010-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 2 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Rainbow trout.
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Dissertation•
16 Feb 1993
TL;DR: It is suggested that metabolism associated with exercise or hypoxia is the dominant source of elevated oxygen consumption following handling in juvenile coho salmon, and cortisol alone is unlikely to have a major effect on metabolic rate.
Abstract: Abstract The metabolic cost of stress increased with the severity of handling in juvenile coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch examined via respirometry. Stressed fish had rates of oxygen consumption 39–98% higher than controls. Elevation in oxygen consumption was largely eliminated within 1 h after stress. Oxygen consumption was significantly correlated to both plasma cortisol and lactate concentration in response to a moderate stressor, but no correlation was found after more severe stressors. Fish given exogenous cortisol did not experience an increase in oxygen consumption, so cortisol alone is unlikely to have a major effect on metabolic rate. Whole-body lactate concentration was significantly elevated following stress, reaching levels almost 500% higher than controls. We suggest that metabolism associated with exercise or hypoxia is the dominant source of elevated oxygen consumption following handling.
10 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Acclimation of gulf killifish to freshwater environments appears to have a substantial metabolic cost and plasma osmolarity was significantly lower in the freshwater-acclimated fish; however, no significant changes occurred in plasma oSMolarity in fish recovering from a swim challenge at either salinity.
Abstract: Abstract The objective of this research was to determine the effect of freshwater acclimation on the swimming performance and plasma osmolarity of gulf killifish Fundulus grandis. Fish were acclimated to either freshwater or brackish water (10‰ salinity) for 10 d before experimentation. Plasma osmolarity was significantly lower in the freshwater-acclimated fish; however, no significant changes occurred in plasma osmolarity in fish recovering from a swim challenge at either salinity. Critical swimming speeds of the fish acclimated to freshwater were significantly lower than those of fish acclimated to brackish water. Furthermore, the swimming challenge caused 40% mortality in the freshwater fish but no mortality in the brackish-water fish. Acclimation of gulf killifish to freshwater environments appears to have a substantial metabolic cost.
2 citations
References
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TL;DR: This new method maintains the high sensitivity and low protein-to-protein variation associated with the Lowry technique and demonstrates a greater tolerance of the bicinchoninate reagent toward such commonly encountered interferences as nonionic detergents and simple buffer salts.
20,907 citations
TL;DR: The traditional view of natural systems, therefore, might well be less a meaningful reality than a perceptual convenience.
Abstract: Individuals die, populations disappear, and species become extinct. That is one view of the world. But another view of the world concentrates not so much on presence or absence as upon the numbers of organisms and the degree of constancy of their numbers. These are two very different ways of viewing the behavior of systems and the usefulness of the view depends very much on the properties of the system concerned. If we are examining a particular device designed by the engineer to perform specific tasks under a rather narrow range of predictable external conditions, we are likely to be more concerned with consistent nonvariable performance in which slight departures from the performance goal are immediately counteracted. A quantitative view of the behavior of the system is, therefore, essential. With attention focused upon achieving constancy, the critical events seem to be the amplitude and frequency of oscillations. But if we are dealing with a system profoundly affected by changes external to it, and continually confronted by the unexpected, the constancy of its behavior becomes less important than the persistence of the relationships. Attention shifts, therefore, to the qualitative and to questions of existence or not. Our traditions of analysis in theoretical and empirical ecology have been largely inherited from developments in classical physics and its applied variants. Inevitably, there has been a tendency to emphasize the quantitative rather than the qualitative, for it is important in this tradition to know not just that a quantity is larger than another quantity, but precisely how much larger. It is similarly important, if a quantity fluctuates, to know its amplitude and period of fluctuation. But this orientation may simply reflect an analytic approach developed in one area because it was useful and then transferred to another where it may not be. Our traditional view of natural systems, therefore, might well be less a meaningful reality than a perceptual convenience. There can in some years be more owls and fewer mice and in others, the reverse. Fish populations wax and wane as a natural condition, and insect populations can range over extremes that only logarithmic
13,447 citations
Book•
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27 Feb 2006
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a hierarchy of classes of the classes of Acanthodysseus: Superorder Ateleopodomorpha, Superorder Protacanthopterygii.
Abstract: PREFACE. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. INTRODUCTION. PHYLUM CHORDATA. Subphylum Craniata. Superclass Myxinomorphi to Osteostracomorphi. Superclass Gnathostomata. +Class Placodermi. Class Chondrichthyes. Subclass Holocephali. Order Chimaeriformes. Subclass Elasmobranchii. Order Heterodontiformes. Order Orectolobiformes. Order Lamniformes. Order Carcharhiniformes. Order Hexanchiformes. Order Echinorhiniformes. Order Squaliformes. Order Squatiniformes. Order Pristiophoriformes. Order Torpediniformes. Order Pristiformes. Order Rajiformes. Order Myliobatiformes. +Class Acanthodii. Class Actinopterygii. Subclass Cladistia. Order Polypteriformes. Subclass Chrondrostei. Order Acipenseriformes. Subclass Neopterygii. Order Lepisosteiformes. Order Amiiformes. Division Teleostei. Subdivision Osteoglossomorpha. Order Hiodontiformes. Order Osteoglossiformes. Subdivision Elopomorpha. Order Elopiformes. Order Albuliformes. Order Anguilliformes. Order Saccopharyngiformes. Subdivision Ostarioclupeomorpha (= Otocephala). Superorder Clupeomorpha. Order Clupeiformes. Superorder Ostariophysi. Order Gonorynchiformes. Order Cypriniformes. Order Characiformes. Order Siluriformes. Order Gymnotiformes. Subdivision Euteleostei. Superorder Protacanthopterygii. Order Argentiniformes. Order Osmeriformes. Order Salmoniformes. Order Esociformes. Superorder Stenopterygii. Order Stomiiformes. Superorder Ateleopodomorpha. Order Ateleopodiformes. Superorder Cyclosquamata. Order Aulopiformes. Superorder Scopelomorpha. Order Myctophiformes. Superorder Lampriomorpha. Order Lampriformes. Superorder Polymixiomorpha. Order Polymixiiformes. Superorder Paracanthopterygii. Order Percopsiformes. Order Gadiformes. Order Ophidiiformes. Order Batrachoidiformes. Order Lophiiformes. Superorder Acanthopterygii. Series Mugilomorpha. Order Mugiliformes. Series Atherinomorpha. Order Atheriniformes. Order Beloniformes. Order Cyprinodontiformes. Series Percomorpha. Order Stephanoberyciformes. Order Beryciformes. Order Zeiformes. Order Gasterosteiformes. Order Synbranchiformes. Order Scorpaeniformes. Order Perciformes. Order Pleuronectiformes. Order Tetraodontiformes. Class Sarcopterygii. Subclass Coelacanthimorpha. Order Coelacanthiformes. Subclass Dipnotetrapodomorpha. Order Ceratodontiformes. Unranked Tetrapodomorpha. Infraclass Tetrapoda. APPENDIX. BIBLIOGRAPHY. INDEX.
5,681 citations
TL;DR: There is little doubt that measurements of bioaccumulation and biomarker responses in fish from contaminated sites offer great promises for providing information that can contribute to environmental monitoring programs designed for various aspects of ERA.
4,397 citations
TL;DR: Although the species studied comprise a small and nonrepresentative sample of the almost 20,000 known teleost species, there are many indications that the stress response is variable and flexible in fish, in line with the great diversity of adaptations that enable these animals to live in a large variety of aquatic habitats.
Abstract: The stress response in teleost fish shows many similarities to that of the terrestrial vertebrates These concern the principal messengers of the brain-sympathetic-chromaffin cell axis (equivalent of the brain-sympathetic-adrenal medulla axis) and the brain-pituitary-interrenal axis (equivalent of the brain-pituitary-adrenal axis), as well as their functions, involving stimulation of oxygen uptake and transfer, mobilization of energy substrates, reallocation of energy away from growth and reproduction, and mainly suppressive effects on immune functions There is also growing evidence for intensive interaction between the neuroendocrine system and the immune system in fish Conspicuous differences, however, are present, and these are primarily related to the aquatic environment of fishes For example, stressors increase the permeability of the surface epithelia, including the gills, to water and ions, and thus induce systemic hydromineral disturbances High circulating catecholamine levels as well as structural damage to the gills and perhaps the skin are prime causal factors This is associated with increased cellular turnover in these organs In fish, cortisol combines glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid actions, with the latter being essential for the restoration of hydromineral homeostasis, in concert with hormones such as prolactin (in freshwater) and growth hormone (in seawater) Toxic stressors are part of the stress literature in fish more so than in mammals This is mainly related to the fact that fish are exposed to aquatic pollutants via the extensive and delicate respiratory surface of the gills and, in seawater, also via drinking The high bioavailability of many chemicals in water is an additional factor Together with the variety of highly sensitive perceptive mechanisms in the integument, this may explain why so many pollutants evoke an integrated stress response in fish in addition to their toxic effects at the cell and tissue levels Exposure to chemicals may also directly compromise the stress response by interfering with specific neuroendocrine control mechanisms Because hydromineral disturbance is inherent to stress in fish, external factors such as water pH, mineral composition, and ionic calcium levels have a significant impact on stressor intensity Although the species studied comprise a small and nonrepresentative sample of the almost 20,000 known teleost species, there are many indications that the stress response is variable and flexible in fish, in line with the great diversity of adaptations that enable these animals to live in a large variety of aquatic habitats
3,722 citations