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Journal ArticleDOI

Swot Methodology: A State-of-the-Art Review for the Past, A Framework for the Future

12 Apr 2011-Journal of Business Economics and Management (Vilnius Gediminas Technical University)-Vol. 12, Iss: 1, pp 24-48
TL;DR: This paper presents a literature review of SWOT analysis, based on a reference bank of about 557 papers established through searching various databases, that has been published up to the end of 2009.
Abstract: The SWOT analysis is the process of exploring the internal and external environments of an organization and extracting convenient strategies based on its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. This paper presents a literature review of SWOT analysis, based on a reference bank of about 557 papers established through searching various databases. This paper reviews papers that have been published up to the end of 2009. The origination and historical development of SWOT are explained first, followed by a survey on trends & classifications in SWOT papers including journals, countries, years, people & contents. Then a categorical analysis is conducted about application area and scope of SWOT. Also a methodological development of SWOT is discussed. Finally, concluding remarks and a few suggestions and challenges are presented for future studies. It is hoped that the paper can serve the needs of researchers and practitioners for easy references of SWOT studies and applications, and hence promo...

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Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In response to critiques of strategy tools as unhelpful or potentially dangerous for organizations, a sociological eye is suggested on how tools are actually mobilized by strategy makers, offering a framework for examining the ways that the affordances of strategy tool and the agency of strategy makers interact to shape how and when tools are selected and applied.
Abstract: In response to critiques of strategy tools as unhelpful or potentially dangerous for organizations, we suggest casting a sociological eye on how tools are actually mobilized by strategy makers. In conceptualizing strategy tools as tools-in-use, we offer a framework for examining the ways that the affordances of strategy tools and the agency of strategy makers interact to shape how and when tools are selected and applied. Further, rather than evaluating the ‘correct’ or ‘incorrect’ use of tools, we highlight the variety of outcomes that result, not just for organizations but also for the tools and the individuals who use them. We illustrate this framework with a vignette and propose an agenda and methodological approaches for further scholarship on the use of strategy tools.

391 citations


Cites methods from "Swot Methodology: A State-of-the-Ar..."

  • ...Similarly, the SWOT (strength, weaknesses, opportunities, threats) framework (Andrews, 1971) is used even more frequently in organizations, though perhaps taught less in business schools today (Ghazinoory et al., 2011)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This study offers an approach to diminish both shortcomings by applying Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) to identify SWOT based on customer satisfaction surveys which produces prioritized SWOT corresponding to the customers’ perception.

246 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Mar 2021
TL;DR: In this paper, the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis has become a key tool used by businesses for strategic planning, however, a collective understanding of SWOT analysis remains vague.
Abstract: A strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis has become a key tool used by businesses for strategic planning. Scholars have conducted SWOT research for over six decades. However, a collective understanding of SWOT analysis remains vague. This study accessed, analyzed, and synthesized the SWOT literature, allowing for new theoretical perspectives and frameworks to emerge. Using an integrative literature review, this study reviewed SWOT studies historically, providing a greater understanding of the SWOT analysis in different sectors and the different approaches used in SWOT studies. Furthermore, it fills the knowledge gap in the strategic planning context and indicates meaningful implications for managers that could help improve their strategic decisions.

97 citations


Cites background from "Swot Methodology: A State-of-the-Ar..."

  • ...Instead, these reviews tend to be more generic or specific to a particular field or a method (Ghazinoory et al., 2011)....

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  • ...Conversely, internal an analysis of strengths and weaknesses assesses how a business carries out its internal work (Ghazinoory et al., 2011; Hill & Westbrook, 1997)....

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  • ...According to Ghazinoory et al. (2011), the most SWOT studies are case studies employed in different industries, while few https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/globe/vol6/iss1/5 DOI: 10.5038/2640-6489.6.1.1148 papers are allocated to the methodological category and applied-methodological....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a forward-looking and innovative model of wildfire management focused not at the landscape, or community, or forest level but at the territory scale, which is the proposed theoretical, the context specific, and place-based operational framework.
Abstract: The current wildfire policies in European Union countries have not solved the wildfire problem and probably will not be effective in the future, as all the initiatives focus on suppression and minimize the use of fire embedded in the Traditional Ecologic Knowledge of European communities. The traditional fire use as a tool for land management has been handled and almost criminalized by an urban-centric perspective and anti-fire bias. These policies are poorly adapted to, and cannot cope with, the complex nature of the wildfire phenomenon since they neglect its social roots. This paper presents a forward-looking and innovative model of wildfire management focused not at the landscape, or community, or forest level but at the territory scale. Fire Smart Territory (FST) is the proposed theoretical, the context specific, and place-based operational framework. The grounding assumptions of FST are that fire is a dual and ambiguous process, that it is not merely a biophysical process with social overtones but a social process, and it is a complex issue which can be understood only in the coupled human and natural systems where it occurs. FST advocates that the current wildfire challenges cannot be solved by a check list of theoretically adequate procedures, but through locally understanding the wildfire problem and strategically preparing each territory to be less wildfire prone, and its inhabitants to be less vulnerable, and more resilient, in the scope of economic valorization, sustainable development, and safety of the territory resources.

84 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a methodology for determining management strategies in construction enterprises based on the SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) analysis as an instrument for formulating management strategies.

84 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Sixty-three studies published in the years 1997-2002 are reviewed to assess the effects of workplace diversity on teams and organizations as discussed by the authors, and the strengths and weaknesses of recent diversity research, point out opportunities for new research, and identify threats to continued advancement.

1,228 citations


"Swot Methodology: A State-of-the-Ar..." refers background in this paper

  • ...The largest number of citation of a paper (114) is belonged to Jackson et al. (2003)....

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  • ...The largest number of citation of a paper (114) is belonged to Jackson et al. (2003). Also Rizzo and Kim paper (2005) and Weihrich (1982), with 67 and 64 times of citation, occupied second and third rank....

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  • ...In addition, the most cited SWOT article (Jackson et al. 2003) belongs to this fi eld....

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Journal ArticleDOI
William Ho1
TL;DR: This research provides evidence that the integrated AHPs are better than the stand-alone AHP, but also aids the researchers and decision makers in applying the integratedAHPs effectively.

993 citations


"Swot Methodology: A State-of-the-Ar..." refers background or methods in this paper

  • ...Also a review of integrated analytic hierarchy process and its applications with SWOT has been done by Ho (2008)....

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  • ...However, there have recently appeared many methodological works on SWOT to make it more rigorous and operational. Most of these researchers have pointed to SWOT diffi culties and then proposed some solutions to modify its shortcomings. These works are briefl y summarized below for practitioners to understand and to apply SWOT in a more objective and precise way. Weihrich (1982) introduced SWOT and pointed to two diffi culties in applying this method: – Time dimension in SWOT matrix; – Complexity of Interactions of Situational Factors....

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  • ...Houben et al. (1999) believed that “many companies often only have vague ideas of their competitive strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats”....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the TOWS Matrix is introduced for matching the environmental threats and opportunities with the company's weaknesses and especially its strengths. But, the focus of this paper is not on the factors per se; rather, it is on identifying relationships between these factors and basing strategies on them.

858 citations


"Swot Methodology: A State-of-the-Ar..." refers background or methods or result in this paper

  • ...Although the SWOT analysis dates back to 50’s and 60’s1, Weihrich (1982) that introduced SWOT matrix as a tool for situation analysis, can be regarded as the most important reference in this fi eld that has provided some classic examples....

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  • ...Weihrich (1982) introduced SWOT and pointed to two diffi culties in applying this method: – Time dimension in SWOT matrix; – Complexity of Interactions of Situational Factors....

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  • ...Also Rizzo and Kim paper (2005) and Weihrich (1982), with 67 and 64 times of citation, occupied second and third rank....

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  • ...4 It should be noted that before them Yahya (1997) had used SWOT for cross-checking the result of AHP method, but he had not integrated the method....

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  • ...The SWOT matrix consists of four combinations which are called the maxi-maxi (strengths / opportunities), maxi-mini (strengths/ threats), mini-maxi (weaknesses/opportunities), and mini-mini (weaknesses/threats) (Weihrich 1982)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an in-depth review of the use of SWOT analysis by consuitants who included this as part of their approach to understand a business from a corporate perspective was presented.

840 citations


"Swot Methodology: A State-of-the-Ar..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...After 1982 for many years, no methodological modification in SWOT happened, Even Hill and Westbrook (1997) said: “It may be time to relinquish our fondness for SWOT analysis which seems now to have passed its sell-by date, because of fundamental concerns about the intrinsic nature of SWOT analysis…...

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  • ...Even the fi rst one which was Weihrich’s work, (1982) presented a real example for Volkswagen Company....

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  • ...After 1982 for many years, no methodological modification in SWOT happened, Even Hill and Westbrook (1997) said: “It may be time to relinquish our fondness for SWOT analysis which seems now to have passed its sell-by date, because of fundamental concerns about the intrinsic nature of SWOT analysis such as: –...

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A new hybrid method for improving the usability of SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) analysis is examined, and the results indicated that certification could be a potential strategic alternative in a Finnish case study farm.

830 citations


"Swot Methodology: A State-of-the-Ar..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...Kurttila et al. (2000) believe that when using SWOT, the analysis lacks the possibility of comprehensively appraising the strategic decision-making situation; merely pinpointing the number of factors in strength, weakness, opportunity or threat groups does not pinpoint the most signifi cant group....

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  • ...These researchers have utilized this algorithm with some changes for a forest-certifi cation case (Kurttila et al. 2000), for a multinomial logit model analysis in forest management decisions of private forest owners (Kurttila et al. 2001), assessing the priorities among resource management…...

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