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Journal ArticleDOI

Synthesen und Kristallstrukturen von Tris(di-n-propylamino)-p-brombenzylphosphonium-bromiden: [(C3H7)2N]3PCH2C6H4Br+Br- und [(C3H7)2N]3PCH2C6H4Br+Br3-/Syntheses and Crystal Structures of Tris(di-n-propylamino)-p-bromobenzyl-phosphonium Bromides: [(C3H7)2N]3PCH2C6H4Br+Br- and [(C3H7)2N]3PCH2C6H4Br+Br3-

01 Jan 1999-Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B (Verlag der Zeitschrift für Naturforschung)-Vol. 54, Iss: 1, pp 113-116
TL;DR: In this article, the tris(n-propylamino)-p-bromobenzylphosphonium bromide (TBP) was obtained by treating 1 with equimolar quantities of elemental bromine in methylene chloride solution, and the colorless crystals are monoclinic, space group P2₁, Z = 2, a = 930.2(3), b = 1501.5(2) pm, β = 105,97(4)°.
Abstract: Tris(di-n-propylamino)-p-bromobenzylphosphonium bromide [(C₃H₇)₂N]₃PCH₂C₆H₄Br⁺- Br⁻ (1) has been prepared by the reaction of tris(di-n-propylamino)phosphine with p-bromobenzylbromide in methylene chloride. The colorless crystals are monoclinic, space group P2₁, Z = 2, a = 930.2(3), b = 1501.2(3), c = 1093.5(2) pm, β = 105,97(4)°. The lattice contains Br⁻ anions and [(C₃H₇)₂N]₃PCH₂C₆H₄Br⁺ cations. [(C₃H₇)₂N]₃PCH₂C₆H₄Br⁺Br⁻ (2) has been obtained by treating 1 with equimolar quantities of elemental bromine in methylene chloride solution. The yellow-red crystals of 2 are triclinic, space group P1, Z = 2, a = 1069.5(3), b = 1267.7(7), c = 1273.7(3) pm, α= 87.27(3), β = 82,67, γ = 67.15°, and consist of [(C₃H₇)₂N]₃PCH₂C₆H₄Br⁺ cations and linear Br₃⁻ anions. The three N atoms in the cations of 2 are planar.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The reactions of the tris-dialkylamino phosphines and (nPr2N)3P, and the pyrrolidinyl substituted phosphines, with I2 and (Ph2Se2I2)2, have been reported and the crystal structures have all been determined.
Abstract: The reactions of the tris-dialkylamino phosphines (Et2N)3P and (nPr2N)3P, and the pyrrolidinyl substituted phosphines (C4H8N)3P and tBuP(NC4H8)2, with I2 and (Ph2Se2I2)2, have been reported. The reactions with diiodine lead to the formation of [R3PI]I adducts, which are essentially ionic, but show a tendency to display long, soft–soft, I⋯I interactions in the solid state. The crystal structures of [(Et2N)3PI]I, (1), [(nPr2N)3PI]I, (2), and [(C4H8N)3PI]I, (3), have all been determined, and display I⋯I interactions varying between 3.5170(6) and 3.6389(14) A. The analogous reactions with (Ph2Se2I2)2 lead to the formation of phenylseleno-phosphonium salts, [R3PSePh]I. The structures of [(C4H8N)3PSePh]I, (6) and [(C4H8N)2tBuPSePh] I, (7), have been determined and do not display any soft–soft interactions between the selenium and iodine atoms. All of the phosphonium salts represent examples of structures containing tris-dialkylamino phosphine fragments which show no “special” nitrogen atom, i.e. all three nitrogen atoms are planar. This type of arrangement is usually observed when a C3 symmetric conformation is observed, (which is the case for 1 and 2), but not for the (C4H8N)3P adducts 3 and 6, where the conformation is closer to Cs, although the nitrogen atoms are still essentially planar. The P–N bonds in all the compounds reported herein are short, ranging between 1.599(12) A and 1.643(12) A, and are consistent with the previously reported short P–N bonds in phosphonium salts featuring tris-dialkylamino substituted phosphines.

14 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the results of X-ray structure analyses were confirmed by quantum chemical calculations using Gaussian 98 molecular modeling software, which revealed molecules which are characterized by an ylidic and a regular P-C double bond of almost equal length [P1⊕-C2⊖av.172.7 p.m.

6 citations

References
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Book
01 Feb 1977
TL;DR: Payroll Best Practices as discussed by the authors examines 120 best practices for the payroll function, and how to install them to provide readers with an in-depth knowledge of how this critical functional area can be improved.
Abstract: 120 best practices to improve the total process of the payroll department Payroll Best Practices examines, in great detail, best practices for the payroll function, and how to install them to provide readers with an in-depth knowledge of how this critical functional area can be improved. Here, controllers, payroll managers, and CFOs will discover the exact work plans needed to implement each best practice in their organizations, and lays out pitfalls likely to be encountered and avoided along the way. This how-to resource for payroll improvements includes: * Techniques for reducing the workload and error rate of the payroll staff * Methods for switching from an in-house to an outsourced payroll solution * Ways to create or outsource a Web-based timekeeping system * Approaches to switching to an employee-driven payroll deduction system * Graphics indicating the cost and implementation duration for each best practice * Policies and procedures that support the best practices * A simplified best practices implementation plan * An appendix that summarizes the large number of best practices presented * A glossary of key payroll-related terminology * And much more

759 citations


"Synthesen und Kristallstrukturen vo..." refers background in this paper

  • ...als die durchschnittliche Länge von P-N-Einfachbindungen (170 pm) [9]....

    [...]

  • ...Legt man die aus [9] entnom ­ menen durchschnittlichen P-N-Bindungslängen zu­ grunde, wird das Tris(di-/7-propylamino)-/?-brombenzyl-phosphonium -Kation durch die Resonanz­ formel (II) besser beschrieben als durch (I)....

    [...]

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