Synthesis and Properties of Polystyrene Carrying Pendant Hydroxybarbiturate Groups
16 Feb 2005-Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A (Taylor & Francis Group)-Vol. 42, Iss: 2, pp 189-202
TL;DR: In this paper, the preparation and properties of barbiturate and thiobarbiturate functionalized polystyrenes (BAPS) and (TBAPS) synthesized by the chemical modification of polystyrene homopolymer are discussed.
Abstract: The preparation and properties of barbiturate‐ and thiobarbiturate‐ functionalized polystyrenes [(BAPS) & (TBAPS)] synthesized by the chemical modification of polystyrene homopolymer are discussed. The fluorescence emissions of the polymers are found to be dependent on the nature of the substituent, as well as its concentration and this is estimated as well. Fluorescence microscopic studies of BAPS and TBAPS in water indicated the formation of polymeric aggregates in a solution of about 5 µm. Surface tension measurements confirmed the formation of aggregated structures in aqueous solution. The polymers synthesized are observed to chelate a wide variety of metal ions, the % uptake of which is observed to increase with increasing mol% of the pendant functional groups.
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TL;DR: In this article, the synthesis and characterization of a polymer with pendant groups carrying a cisplatinum complex by the chemical modification route is discussed, and the polymer is further characterized using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) as well as UV and fluorescence spectroscopic techniques.
Abstract: The synthesis and characterization of a polymer with pendant groups carrying a cis‐platinum complex by the chemical modification route is discussed. Diethyloxomalonate functionalized polystyrene (DPS) is synthesized by the Friedel–Crafts acylation of polystyrene with diethyloxomalonate in the presence of SnCl4, by a batch‐wise addition process. The reaction of DPS with cis‐diaquo(trans‐1,2‐diaminocyclohexane)platinum(II) results in the formation of a cis‐platinum chelated polymer (PtDPS). Proton NMR and IR spectroscopies are used to confirm the transformation. The polymer synthesized is further characterized using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) as well as UV and fluorescence spectroscopic techniques. PtDPS thus synthesized is further modified into a water‐soluble polymer by another polymer modification reaction resulting in the introduction of thiobarbituric acid moieties.
2 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the synthesis and physicochemical characterization of five selected thiobarbiturate samples (MKA20 MKA21, MKA22 MKA23 MKA24) by using various physicochemical techniques was reported.
Abstract: Due to the gradual increase in genetic related disease worldwide, the synthesis, characterization and physicochemical investigation of medicinal compounds such as thiobarbiturates and their derivatives is a highly desired area of research. Keeping their importance as medicinal compounds in mind, herein we report the synthesis and physicochemical characterization of five selected thiobarbiturate samples namely (MKA20 MKA21, MKA22, MKA23, MKA24) by using various physicochemical techniques. All the selected thiobarbiturates and their derivatives were synthesized by the reaction of diethyl thiobarbituric acid with different aromatic aldehydes. The synthesized thiobarbiturates and their derivatives were analyzed by various electroanalytical techniques, which gave us valuable information about the nature of thiobarbiturates and their derivatives. Further, the preliminary interaction of these thiobarbiturate with Deoxyribonucleic acid in aqueous solution was also investigated by using Ultraviolet-Visible spectrometry. On the basis of various results obtained, it can be said that most of their properties and extent of interaction with Deoxyribonucleic acid are varying with changing the alkyl groups on one hand and the functional groups on the other hand.
1 citations
10 Mar 2006
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide an overview on the preparation and basic lithographically important characterization of new polymers based on poly(4-(1-hydroxyalkyl)styrene -co- styrene) [Poly(4-HAS -co)-S] for negative tone imaging at DUV lithography.
Abstract: Several synthetic approaches are available to make photoresist polymers for deep UV (DUV) lithography. Two approaches were widely used in semiconductor manufacturing: i) direct polymerization of corresponding monomers by (controlled) radical, (living) ionic polymerization ii) thermal or chemical catalyzed deprotection or protection of the macromolecules. The latter approach which is also called polymer modification chemistry (PMC) or polymer analogous chemistry offers several advantageous over the direct polymerization approach. In this presentation, we will provide an overview on the preparation and basic lithographically important characterization of new polymers based on poly(4-(1-hydroxyalkyl)styrene -co- styrene) [Poly(4-HAS -co- S)]. These polymers were synthesized for the first time by PMC and this methodology is an simple alternative for the synthesis of poly(4-HAS -co- S) than conventionally used synthetically challenging free radical or low temperature anionic polymerization of the protected monomer. We have synthesized high and low molecular weight (M n ) polymers with mole fraction of functional group ranging from partial to complete functionalization. Several formulations based on poly(4-HAS -co- S) were developed and tested for negative tone imaging at DUV lithography. Lithographic performance of these polymers at DUV lithography will be compared with their molecular weight and mole fraction of functional groups.
1 citations
References
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TL;DR: 2-ureido-4-pyrimidone that dimerize strongly in a self-complementary array of four cooperative hydrogen bonds were used as the associating end group in reversible self-assembling polymer systems.
Abstract: Units of 2-ureido-4-pyrimidone that dimerize strongly in a self-complementary array of four cooperative hydrogen bonds were used as the associating end group in reversible self-assembling polymer systems. The unidirectional design of the binding sites prevents uncontrolled multidirectional association or gelation. Linear polymers and reversible networks were formed from monomers with two and three binding sites, respectively. The thermal and environmental control over lifetime and bond strength makes many properties, such as viscosity, chain length, and composition, tunable in a way not accessible to traditional polymers. Hence, polymer networks with thermodynamically controlled architectures can be formed, for use in, for example, coatings and hot melts, where a reversible, strongly temperature-dependent rheology is highly advantageous.
2,011 citations
"Synthesis and Properties of Polysty..." refers background in this paper
...The introduction of desired concentration/extent of water-soluble pendant groups in a predominantly hydrophobic polystyrene promises to be exciting towards the achievement of a wide variation of physical properties of the resulting polymers.([11,12]) Therefore, investigations pertaining to the variation in fluorescence, aggregation in solution, and molecular aggregation as a function of compositional variation of the hydroxybarbiturate (BA) and hydroxythiobarbiturate (TBA) moieties introduced as pendant groups on the polystyrene backbone were studied....
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TL;DR: This work describes a general strategy for the design of functionalized monomer units and their association in either water or alkanes into non-covalently linked polymeric structures with controlled helicity and chain length.
Abstract: The double helix of DNA epitomizes this molecule's ability to self-assemble in aqueous solutions into a complex chiral structure using hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. Non-covalently interacting molecules in organic solvents are used to design systems that similarly form controlled architectures. Peripheral chiral centres in assemblies and chiral side chains attached to a polymer backbone, have been shown to induce chirality at the supramolecular level, and highly ordered structures stable in water are also known. However, it remains difficult to rationally exploit non-covalent interactions for the formation of chiral assemblies that are stable in water, where solvent molecules can compete effectively for hydrogen bonds. Here we describe a general strategy for the design of functionalized monomer units and their association in either water or alkanes into non-covalently linked polymeric structures with controlled helicity and chain length. The monomers consist of bifunctionalized ureidotriazine units connected by a spacer and carrying solubilizing chains at the periphery. This design allows for dimerization through self-complementary quadruple hydrogen bonding between the units and solvophobically induced stacking of the dimers into columnar polymeric architectures, whose structure and helicity can be adjusted by tuning the nature of the solubilizing side chains.
566 citations
TL;DR: In this article, copolymers of methyl methacrylate and n-butyl acrylate were prepared using atom transfer radical polymerization catalyzed by CuBr/4,4,di(5-nonyl)-2,2‘-bipyridine (dNbpy), CuBr/(N,N, N,N', N',N',N''N', N'N'N'), and CuBr(PMDETA), and Me6TREN).
Abstract: Copolymers of methyl methacrylate and n-butyl acrylate were prepared using atom transfer radical polymerization catalyzed by CuBr/4,4‘-di(5-nonyl)-2,2‘-bipyridine (dNbpy), CuBr/N,N,N‘,N‘ ‘,N‘ ‘-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA), and CuBr/tris[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]amine (Me6TREN). Point estimates and 95% joint confidence intervals of the reactivity ratios were calculated for the copolymerizations catalyzed by CuBr/dNbpy (rMMA = 2.52, rBA = 0.265) and those catalyzed by CuBr/PMDETA (rMMA = 3.15, rBA = 0.37) using previously described least-squares calculations. Semilogarithimic plots of monomer conversion vs time were nearly linear. Plots of Mn vs monomer conversion were linear, and polydispersity decreased with increasing monomer conversion. Copolymerizations were simulated using Predici 5.3.2 in order to better understand the experimentally observed results.
161 citations
"Synthesis and Properties of Polysty..." refers methods in this paper
...The preparation and physical properties of statistical/random copolymers with a wide compositional window are a novel topic of exploratory interest.([1]) This is primarily due to the fact that control over the composition of statistical copolymers is difficult to achieve via the conventional chain growth copolymerization methods....
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TL;DR: Partially modified polystyrene containing vinyl phenyl hexafluorodimethyl carbinol was mixed with a number of counterpolymers, including poly(vinyl-acetate), poly(methyl methacry1 ate), poly (ethy] methacelate, poly (n-butyl methace late), polyviny] methyl ether, poly(2,6 dimethyl-1,4 phenylene oxide), bisphenol A polycarbonate poly(styrene-co-acryloni-trile), poly poly(dimethyl
Abstract: Partially modified polystyrene containing vinyl phenyl hexafluorodimethyl carbinol was mixed with a number of counterpolymers containing poly(vinyl-acetate), poly(methyl methacry1 ate), poly(ethy] methacrylate, poly (n-butyl methacry late), poly(viny] methyl ether), poly(2,6 dimethyl-1,4 phenylene oxide), bisphenol A polycarbonate poly(styrene-co-acryloni-trile), poly (dimethyl siloxane), a crystallizable polyester, an amorphous polyamide and two amorphous polyamides. Hydrogen bonding interactions to effect miscibility were related to the number of proton donating groups in the modified polystyrene, and these were studied in regard to lower critical solution temperatures and the glass transition temperatures of the hydrogen bonded blends.
98 citations
"Synthesis and Properties of Polysty..." refers background in this paper
...Given the fact that very small post polymer modification introduces polymer-polymer blending as observed earlier,([6,7]) the introduction of groups capable of directional bonding in a purely amorphous polymer by polymer modification in a controlled manner is significant....
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TL;DR: The thermal decomposition of the metal complexes was studied by TG and DTA techniques and the kinetic parameters namely, activation energy, entropy of activation and the reaction orders were estimated.
Abstract: The complexes of 2-thiobarbituric acid with Fe(II), Fe(III), Co(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) have been isolated and characterized on the basis of elemental analyses, molar conductance, magnetic moment and spectral studies. The thermal decomposition of the metal complexes was studied by TG and DTA techniques. The kinetic parameters namely, activation energy, entropy of activation and the reaction orders were estimated.
60 citations
"Synthesis and Properties of Polysty..." refers background in this paper
...The barbiturate/thiobarbiturate moieties are known to bind to metal ions([15]) (as shown in Sch....
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