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Journal ArticleDOI

Synthesis, characterization, and properties of fully aliphatic polyimides and their derivatives for microelectronics and optoelectronics applications

01 Jan 2007-Macromolecular Research (Springer-Verlag)-Vol. 15, Iss: 2, pp 114-128
TL;DR: In this paper, the recent research process in synthesizing fully aliphatic polyimides, with improved dimensional stability, high transparency and low e values, as well as the characterizations and future scope for their application in micro electric and photo-electronic industries, is reviewed.
Abstract: Polyimides are one of the most important classes of polymers used in the microelectronics and photoelectronics industries. Because of their high thermal stability, chemical resistance, and good mechanical and electric properties, polyimides are often applied in photoresists, passivation and dielectric films, soft print circuit boards, and alignment films within displays. Recently, fully aliphatic and alicyclic polyimides have found applications as optoelectronics and inter layer dielectric materials, due to their good transparencies and low dielectric constants (e). The low molecular density, polarity and rare probability of forming inter- or intra-molecular charge transfers, resulting in lowering of the dielectric constant and high transparency, are the most striking characteristics of aliphatic polyimide. However, the ultimate end use of polyimides derived from aliphatic monomers is in their targeted applications that need less stringent thermal requirements. Much research effort has been exerted in the development of aliphatic polyimide with increased thermal and mechanical stabilities, while maintaining their transparencies and low dielectric constants, by the incorporation of rigid moieties. In this article, the recent research process in synthesizing fully aliphatic polyimides, with improved dimensional stability, high transparency and low e values, as well as the characterizations and future scope for their application in micro electric and photo-electronic industries, is reviewed.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a review of colorless and optically transparent polyimide (CPI) films has been presented, focusing on the applications of CPI films as flexible substrates for optoelectrical devices, such as flexible active matrix organic light emitting display devices (AMOLEDs), flexible printing circuit boards (FPCBs), and flexible solar cells.

318 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the available aliphatic/alicyclic monomers and their potential applications is presented, along with the outlook for the future of polyimides and their advanced applications.

183 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Transparent polyimides (PIs) that have a high refractive index and low birefringence as well as good thermal and mechanical stability were synthesized by the judicious introduction of di- and tetrachlorinated aromatic diamines with aromatic/aliphatic dianhydrides as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Transparent polyimides (PIs) that have a high refractive index and low birefringence as well as good thermal and mechanical stability were synthesized by the judicious introduction of di- and tetrachlorinated aromatic diamines with aromatic/aliphatic dianhydrides. All the PI films, except for the PI derived from aromatic dianhydride and dichlorinated diamine (BPDA/2DCDB and BPDA/3DCDB), exhibited high optical transparency over the entire visible region. In particular, tetrachlorinated, fully aromatic polyimide (BPDA/TCDB) with a highly distorted conformation of the main chain exhibited excellent optical transparency in the visible range that was comparable to highly fluorinated aromatic PIs. This was attributed to the effective suppression of intra- and intermolecular charge transfer (CT) interactions by steric hindrance between the five-membered imide rings and chlorine atoms attached directly to the adjacent benzene rings as well as between chlorine atoms in the diamine molecules. A high transmittance o...

114 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
19 Jul 2012-Polymer
TL;DR: In this paper, a meta- substituted aromatic diamine containing trifluoromethyl and sulfonyl groups in the backbone was synthesized and characterized, and a series of semi-aromatic polyimides were prepared from 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetetracarboxylic dianhydride (CHDA) and various aromatic diamines.

106 citations

References
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Book
09 Jun 2013
TL;DR: In this article, X-Rays and Diffraction Lattices and Crystal Structures and Hexagonal Structures are used for X-Ray Diffraction Experimental Modules: Crystal structure determination, I: Cubic Structures Crystal Structure Determination, II: Hexagonal structures Precise Lattice Parameter Measurements Phase Diagram Determination Detection of Long-Range Ordering Determination of Crystallite Size and Lattite Strain Quantitative Analysis of Powder Mixtures Identification of an Unknown Specimen: Appendices: Plane-Spacing Equations and Unit
Abstract: Basics: X-Rays and Diffraction Lattices and Crystal Structures Practical Aspects of X-Ray Diffraction Experimental Modules: Crystal Structure Determination, I: Cubic Structures Crystal Structure Determination, II: Hexagonal Structures Precise Lattice Parameter Measurements Phase Diagram Determination Detection of Long-Range Ordering Determination of Crystallite Size and Lattice Strain Quantitative Analysis of Powder Mixtures Identification of an Unknown Specimen: Appendices: Plane-Spacing Equations and Unit Cell Volumes Quadratic Forms of Miller Indices for the Cubic System Atomic and Ionic Scattering Factors of Some Selected Elements Summary of Structure Factor Calculations Mass Absorption Coefficients mu/rho (cm2/g) and Densities rho (g/cm3) of Some Selected Elements Multiplicity Factors Lorentz-Polarization Factor Physical Constants and Conversion Factors JCPDS-ICDD Card Numbers for Some Common Materials Index

1,594 citations

Book
Malay K. Ghosh1, K. L. Mittal1
23 Jul 1996
TL;DR: The history of the development of polyimides can be found in this article, where the authors describe the development and development of the Polyimides, the synthesis and synthesis of polyamideimides and their application in high-performance electronics Packaging and Optoelectronic Applications.
Abstract: "Introduction History of the Invention and Development of the Polyimides, C. E. Sroog Synthesis Synthesis of Polyimides, Tohru Takekoshi Synthesis of Polyamideimides, Yoshio Imai Synthesis of Fluorinated Polyimides, Shigekuni Sasaki and Shiro Nishi Photosensitive Polyimides, Molecular Design and Synthesis, Toshihiko Omote Chemistry and Kinetics of Polyimide Formation, James M. Sonnett and Thomas P. Gannett Vapor Phase Deposition of Polyimides, Thomas Strunskus and Michael Grunze Bulk Properties and Modifications Thermal Curing in Polyimide Films and Coatings, John C. Coburn and Michael T. Pottinger Infrared Curing of Polyimides, John G. Stephanie and Paul G. Rickerl Sorption and Diffusion of Water Vapor in Polyimide Films, Ken-ichi Okamoto Charge Transfer in Aromatic Polyimides, Joseph M. Salley and Curtis W. Frank Dielectric Properties of Polyimides and Factors Influencing Such Properties, Ressano De Souza-Machado, Shien-Yang Wu, and Denice D. Denton Degradation and Stability of Polyimides, James A. Cella Surface Characterization, Modification, and Adhesion Aspects Surface Characterization of Polyimides, Fabio Garbassi, Marco Morra, and Ernesto Occhiello Plasma Surface Modification and Etching of Polyimides, Frank D. Egitto and Luis J. Matienzo Laser Ablation of Polyimides, George H. Pettit Ion Beam Modification of Polyimides, Eal H. Lee Wet Chemical Modification of Polyimide Surfaces: Chemistry and Application, Kang-Wook Lee and Alfred Viehbeck Tribological Behavior of Polyimides, U.S. Tewari and J. Bijwe Adhesion of Polyimides to Various Substrates, L. Paivikki Buchwalter Adhesion of Metal Films to Polyimides, Luis J. Matienzo and William N. Unertl Applications Polyimides for Gas Separation, Michael Langsam Applications of Polyimides as Photosensitive Materials, Jean-Marc Bureau and Jean-Paul Droguet Polyimides in High-Performance Electronics Packaging and Optoelectronic Applications, Claudius Feger and Hilmar Franke Polyimides as Langmuir-Blodgett Films, Mitsumasa Iwamoto and Masa-aki Kakimoto "

1,418 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, polyhedral octahydridosilsesquioxanes were copolymerized with stoichiometric amounts of octavinylsilssioxanes, [vinylSiO1.5]8 (2) and [(vinylMe2O)SiO 1.5]-8 (3) in toluene using platinum divinyltetramethyldisiloxane, “Pt(dvs)”, as catalyst.
Abstract: Polyhedral octahydridosilsesquioxanes, [HSiO1.5]8 (1) and [(HSiMe2O)SiO1.5]8 (3) were hydrosilylatively copolymerized with stoichiometric amounts of the octavinylsilsesquioxanes, [vinylSiO1.5]8 (2) and [(vinylSiMe2O)SiO1.5]8 (4) in toluene using platinum divinyltetramethyldisiloxane, “Pt(dvs)”, as catalyst. The degree of condensation of the resultant four copolymers ranges from 43% to 81% depending on intercube chain lengths, as determined by solid state 13C and 29Si MAS NMR analyses, using cross-polarization (CP) techniques. The presence of residual functional groups was confirmed by diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS). Polymer porosities were measured using nitrogen sorption, positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS), and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) methods. The combination of these three techniques allows a relatively complete description of the pore sizes and pore size distributions in these materials. The pores in the cube interiors are ∼0.3 nm in dia...

369 citations