Synthesis of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles using PEG Template by Electrochemical Method
01 Sep 2018-Vol. 1093, Iss: 1, pp 012022
TL;DR: In this paper, PEG 6000 was chosen as a template, so the synthesis process was performed by electro-oxidation of iron in the dilute solution of PEG, and particles with an average diameter of 62.5 nm were obtained.
Abstract: One of the nanoparticles which have been developed is magnetite. Due to its magnetism and reactivity, this particle can be used in various fields including technology, environment, and biomedical. One simple method to synthesize magnetite is electro-oxidation of iron in the water. The particle size produced by this method can be adjusted by controlling the electrochemical cell parameters. Unfortunately, this method usually releases polydispersed particles. One solution to overcome this problem is by using an in situ PEG in the synthesis process. In this research, PEG 6000 was chosen as a template, so the synthesis process was performed by electro-oxidation of iron in the dilute solution of PEG. Particles with an average diameter of 62.5 nm were obtained. The monodispersity, surface area, and crystallinity of the particles increased in this way. The specific surface area increased from 55.322 to 391.314 m2/g. The results of XRD and FTIR analysis showed that PEG acted as a template in the synthesis process. In addition, the yield obtained with PEG template was larger than without the template. This method is quite promising as a way of synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles.
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TL;DR: In this article, the structural and compositional analysis of the γ-Fe2O3/Fe3O4 was characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM and XPS.
15 citations
01 Apr 2019
11 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of polyethylene oxide (PEO) as a template on the structures, functional groups, magnetic properties, and antibacterial activities of Fe3O4/PEO/TMAH ferrofluids were investigated.
Abstract: This work was conducted to investigate the effects of the polyethylene oxide (PEO) as a template on the structures, functional groups, magnetic properties, and antibacterial activities of Fe3O4/PEO/TMAH ferrofluids. Synthesis of Fe3O4 nanoparticles was carried out by using the co-precipitation method obtained from iron sand. The ferrofluid synthesis was done by coating Fe3O4 nanoparticles with tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) and dispersed in H2O. Based on the structural analysis, it was known that all samples had a magnetite phase with particle sizes ranging from 7.8 to 10.5 nm. The Fe3O4/PEO/TMAH ferrofluid functional groups presented appropriate bonds of Fe3O4 as a filler, TMAH as a surfactant, and H2O as a liquid carrier. The magnetic characteristics of Fe3O4 nanoparticles and Fe3O4/PEO/TMAH ferrofluids indicated the superparamagnetic state. The saturation magnetization value of Fe3O4 nanoparticles and Fe3O4/PEO/TMAH ferrofluids decreased as increasing the molecular weight of polyethylene oxide ranging from 1000 to 20,000. Furthermore, the antibacterial activities performed by the dilution method identified that increasing the molecular weight of polyethylene oxide increased the antibacterial performance of the Fe3O4/PEO/TMAH ferrofluids against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis.
11 citations
Cites background from "Synthesis of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles us..."
...Furthermore, PEO as a template was detected by stretching bands in the wavenumbers of 1133 and 2911 cm showing C-O and C-H bonds [38]....
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TL;DR: In this article, a PVP/PVA based ferrogel was fabricated using Freezing-Thawing method with MnxFe3-xO4-PEG magnetic nanoparticles as filler that was previously synthesized by simple coprecipitation method.
Abstract: PVP/PVA based ferrogel was well fabricated using Freezing-Thawing method with MnxFe3-xO4-PEG magnetic nanoparticles as filler that was previously synthesized by simple coprecipitation method. This sample was confirmed by functional groups data from the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). The manganese doping (x = 0, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, and 0.8) was added to enhance the chemical and physical characteristics for increasing the application efficiency. Besides, polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymer was added to stabilize the magnetic nanoparticles through the hydrophilic characteristic. The XRD characterization showed that the crystal structure of MnxFe3-xO4-PEG nanoparticles corresponded to the magnetite phase with the highest peak at 2θ = 35.5° and had average particle sizes about 10.2 nm. This result was similar to the average crystal size characterized by the TEM instrument about 9.9 nm, and the secondary particle size analyzed by the SAXS instrument. By using the Two-Lognormal model, the secondary particle and primary particle sizes of the sample were successfully analyzed and resulted in the particle size of about 10 nm and 3.3 nm, respectively. To analyze the nanostructure of PVP/PVA hydrogels, meanwhile, the Beaucage and Teubner-Strey models were successfully used and resulted in the crystallite size and the average distance between the crystallite of PVP/PVA hydrogels which were approximately 8.8 and 38.6 nm, respectively. The saturation magnetization trend value of MnxFe3-xO4-PEG decreased by the addition of Mn and the particle size reduction. Furthermore, MnxFe3-xO4-PEG nanoparticles showed a superparamagnetic characteristic proven by its coercivity field and remnant magnetization approximated to zero. This result showed that the MnxFe3-xO4-PEG nanoparticles have the potency on some applications such as drug delivery applications and cellular imaging.
5 citations
Cites background from "Synthesis of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles us..."
...was found in the samples, such as C-O-C which showed the characteristic of PEG at 1050–1110 cm [20, 21]....
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22 Apr 2020
TL;DR: The phase composition for the Fe3O4, α-Fe2O3, and ZnO was respectively of 90.50%, 5.0%, and 4.5% as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Fe3O4 and α-Fe2O3 are potential magnetic materials to be developed in medical fields, especially for antibacterial agents. In order to support their application performance, Fe3O4 and α-Fe2O3 were combined with ZnO nanoparticles via an organic assisted route. The characterizations of Fe3O4/α-Fe2O3/ZnO nanocomposites were done employing FTIR, XRD, and SEM to study their functional groups, crystal structure, morphology, and particle distribution. The data analysis for infrared spectra presented that some peaks detected the presence of Fe3O4, α-Fe2O3, and ZnO at some positions. The phase composition for the Fe3O4, α-Fe2O3, and ZnO was respectively of 90.50%, 5.0%, and 4.5%. The SEM images showed that the Fe3O4/α-Fe2O3/ZnO nanocomposite tended to be constructed in spherical and plate shapes with the particle sizes of 12.25 ± 2.5 nm and 27.5 ± 2.5 nm, respectively. Furthermore, the antibacterial test presented that the Fe3O4/α-Fe2O3/ZnO nanocomposite had reasonable inhibition rate for S. aureus, B. Subtilis, and E coli.
1 citations
References
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TL;DR: The results show that the particle size as well as the magnetization of the MNPs was very much dependent on pH, initial temperature of Fe2+ and Fe3+ solutions and steering speed.
Abstract: Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MNPs) with appropriate surface chemistry exhibit many interesting properties that can be exploited in a variety of biomedical applications such as magnetic resonance imaging contrast enhancement, tissue repair, hyperthermia, drug delivery and in cell separation. These applications required that the MNPs such as iron oxide Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4 MNPs) having high magnetization values and particle size smaller than 100 nm. This paper reports the experimental detail for preparation of monodisperse oleic acid (OA)-coated Fe3O4 MNPs by chemical co-precipitation method to determine the optimum pH, initial temperature and stirring speed in order to obtain the MNPs with small particle size and size distribution that is needed for biomedical applications. The obtained nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (EDXRF), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The results show that the particle size as well as the magnetization of the MNPs was very much dependent on pH, initial temperature of Fe2+ and Fe3+ solutions and steering speed. The monodisperse Fe3O4 MNPs coated with oleic acid with size of 7.8 ± 1.9 nm were successfully prepared at optimum pH 11, initial temperature of 45 °C and at stirring rate of 800 rpm. FTIR and XRD data reveal that the oleic acid molecules were adsorbed on the magnetic nanoparticles by chemisorption. Analyses of TEM show the oleic acid provided the Fe3O4 particles with better dispersibility. The synthesized Fe3O4 nanoparticles exhibited superparamagnetic behavior and the saturation magnetization of the Fe3O4 nanoparticles increased with the particle size.
639 citations
TL;DR: In this article, magnetite particles with an average size of 39 nm and good monodispersity have been synthesized by coprecipitation at 70 °C from ferrous Fe2+ and ferric Fe3+ ions by a (N(CH3)4OH) solution, followed by hydrothermal treatment at 250 °C.
Abstract: Magnetite particles with an average size of 39 nm and good monodispersity have been synthesized by coprecipitation at 70 °C from ferrous Fe2+ and ferric Fe3+ ions by a (N(CH3)4OH) solution, followed by hydrothermal treatment at 250 °C. The magnetite nanoparticles before the hydrothermal step display an average size of 12 nm and are highly oxidized when they are in contact with air. Complementary microstructural and magnetic characterizations of nanoparticles after hydrothermal treatment show unambiguously that they consist of magnetite with only a slight deviation from stoichiometry (δ ≈ 0.05), leading to Fe2.95O4.
574 citations
01 Dec 2009
TL;DR: In this article, the Magnetic Microstructure of Nanostructured Materials (MMs) is discussed. But the authors focus on the magnetic properties of the MMs and their effect on the domain-wall motion.
Abstract: Spin Dynamics: Fast Switching of Macro-spins.- Core-Shell Magnetic Nanoclusters.- Designed Magnetic Nanostructures.- Superconductivity and Magnetism in Silicon and Germanium Clathrates.- Neutron Scattering of Magnetic Materials.- Tunable Exchange Bias Effects.- Dynamics of Domain Wall Motion in Wires with Perpendicular Anisotropy.- Magnetic Nanowires for Domain Wall Logic and Ultrahigh Density Data Storage.- Bit-Patterned Magnetic Recording: Nanoscale Magnetic Islands for Data Storage.- The Magnetic Microstructure of Nanostructured Materials.- Exchange-Coupled Nanocomposite Permanent Magnets.- High-Temperature Samarium Cobalt Permanent Magnets.- Nanostructured Soft Magnetic Materials.- Magnetic Shape Memory Phenomena.- Magnetocaloric Effect and Materials.- Spintronics and Novel Magnetic Materials for Advanced Spintronics.- Growth and Properties of Epitaxial Chromium Dioxide (CrO2) Thin Films and Heterostructures.- FePt and Related Nanoparticles.- Magnetic Manipulation of Colloidal Particles.- Applications of Magnetic Nanoparticles in Biomedicine.- Nano-Magnetophotonics.- Hard Magnetic Materials for MEMS Applications.- Solid-State Magnetic Sensors for Bioapplications.
278 citations
TL;DR: A facile and green synthetic approach to prepare magnetite (Fe(3)O(4)) nanoparticles (NPs) with magnetic core and polyethylene glycol (PEG) surface coating, which can very well be applicable to prepare biocompatible, surface-modified soft magnetic materials, which may offer enormous utility in the field of biomedical research.
Abstract: We report here a facile and green synthetic approach to prepare magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (NPs) with magnetic core and polyethylene glycol (PEG) surface coating. The interaction of the bare and PEG-coated Fe3O4 NPs with cytochrome c (cyt c, an important protein with direct role in the electron transfer chain) is also reported in this study. With ultrasonication as the only peptization method and water as the synthesis medium, this method is easy, fast, and environmentally benign. The PEG coated NPs are highly water dispersible and stable. The bare NPs have considerable magnetism at room temperature; surface modification by PEG has resulted in softening the magnetization. This approach can very well be applicable to prepare biocompatible, surface-modified soft magnetic materials, which may offer enormous utility in the field of biomedical research. Detailed characterizations including XRD, FTIR, TG/DTA, TEM, and VSM of the PEG-coated Fe3O4 NPs were carried out in order to ensure the future applicabil...
189 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the synthesis of magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) nanoparticles by a sol-gel method was described by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive analysis by X-rays (EDAX), transmission electron microscope (TEM), superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID), and Mossbauer spectrometry.
175 citations