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Journal ArticleDOI

Synthesis of Imidazol-2-ylidenes by Reduction of Imidazole-2(3H)-thiones

01 Jan 1993-Synthesis (© Georg Thieme Verlag, Rüdigerstr. 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany. All rights reserved. This journal, including all individual contributions and illustrations published therein, is legally protected by copyright for the duration of the copyright period. Any use, exploitation or commercialization outside the narrow limits set by copyright legislation, without the publisher's consent, is illegal and liable to criminal prosecution. This applies in particular to photostat reproduction, copying, cyclostyling, mimeographing or duplication of any kind, translating, preparation of microfilms, and electronic data processing and storage.)-Vol. 1993, Iss: 06, pp 561-562
TL;DR: In this article, an improved synthesis of the title compounds was reported, and the N,N'-dialkylthioureas 1 with 3-hydroxy-2-butanone gave the imidazole-2(3H)-thiones 2 which on treatment with potassium in boiling tetrahydrofuran give the IMidazol-2ylidenes 3 in excellent yields
Abstract: An improved synthesis of the title compounds is reported. Reaction of the N,N'-dialkylthioureas 1 with 3-hydroxy-2-butanone gives the imidazole-2(3H)-thiones 2 which on treatment with potassium in boiling tetrahydrofuran give the imidazol-2-ylidenes 3 in excellent yields
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: New methods for the synthesis of complexes with N-heterocyclic carbene ligands such as the oxidative addition or the metal atom template controlled cyclized isocyanides have been developed recently.
Abstract: The chemistry of heterocyclic carbenes has experienced a rapid development over the last years. In addition to the imidazolin-2-ylidenes, a large number of cyclic diaminocarbenes with different ring sizes have been described. Aside from diaminocarbenes, P-heterocyclic carbenes, and derivatives with only one, or even no heteroatom within the carbene ring are known. New methods for the synthesis of complexes with N-heterocyclic carbene ligands such as the oxidative addition or the metal atom template controlled cyclization of β-functionalized isocyanides have been developed recently. This review summarizes the new developments regarding the synthesis of N-heterocyclic carbenes and their metal complexes.

2,454 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Physicochemical data (electronics, sterics, bond strength) of NHCs that are essential for the design, application, and mechanistic understanding of N-Heterocyclic carbenes in catalysis are provided.
Abstract: Quantification and variation of characteristic properties of different ligand classes is an exciting and rewarding research field. N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are of special interest since their electron richness and structure provide a unique class of ligands and organocatalysts. Consequently, they have found widespread application as ligands in transition-metal catalysis and organometallic chemistry, and as organocatalysts in their own right. Herein we provide an overview on physicochemical data (electronics, sterics, bond strength) of NHCs that are essential for the design, application, and mechanistic understanding of NHCs in catalysis.

1,047 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The quest for stable carbenes is a long saga whose origin can be traced back to the first half of the 1800s as discussed by the authors, and the first stable crystalline carbene was reported in the early 1970s.
Abstract: A decade ago we initiated research, the goal of which was isolation of a stable carbene. Our success has helped to catalyze a resurgence of interest in readily available and easily handled carbenes. Research on stable (nucleophilic) carbenes is again a popular theme worldwide. Efforts in the general area of stable carbenes now focus not only on chemistry of the carbenes themselves but also on their applications to other chemical systems, where their chemical properties create technical opportunities that are unavailable with other functional groups. The quest for isolable carbenes is a long saga whose origin can be traced back to the first half of the 1800s. A recently published history of this quest provides an important backdrop for the research described in this Account.1 It is the intent of this Account to delineate the events and environment that led to the report from DuPont laboratories of the first isolation of a stable crystalline carbene. Getting Started

1,016 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, 1,3-diarylimidazolinium chlorides were obtained in a three-step sequence via the diimines and ethylene diamine dihydrochlorides.

822 citations