System and method for performing a three-dimensional virtual examination of objects, such as internal organs
TL;DR: In this paper, a volume visualization technique for generating a 3D visualization image of an internal organ using volume visualization techniques is presented. But this technique is not suitable for the visualization of complex 3D objects.
Abstract: Methods for generating a three-dimensional visualization image of an object, such as an internal organ, using volume visualization techniques are provided. The techniques include a multi-scan imaging method; a multi-resolution imaging method; and a method for generating a skeleton of a complex three dimension object. The applications include virtual cystoscopy, virtual laryngoscopy, virtual angiography, among others.
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Patent•
07 Aug 2008
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe a system and methods for obtaining and acting upon information indicative of circulatory health and related phenomena in human beings or other subjects. But they do not discuss the application of this information in medical applications.
Abstract: Systems and methods are described for obtaining and acting upon information indicative of circulatory health and related phenomena in human beings or other subjects.
496Â citations
Patent•
06 Jun 2005
TL;DR: In this article, an interface for remotely controlling a medical device in a patient's body provides a two dimensional display of a three dimensional rendering of the operating region, and allows the user to select the orientation or location of the distal end of the medical device on the display and then operate a navigation system to cause the device to approximately assume the selected orientation.
Abstract: An interface for remotely controlling a medical device in a patient's body provides a two dimensional display of a three dimensional rendering of the operating region, and allows the user to select the orientation or location of the distal end of the medical device on the display and then operate a navigation system to cause the distal end of the medical device to approximately assume the selected orientation or location.
403Â citations
Patent•
29 Jul 2011
TL;DR: In this article, a system for determining cardiovascular information for a patient is described, which includes at least one computer system configured to receive patient-specific data regarding a geometry of the patient's heart, and create a three-dimensional model representing at least a portion of the heart based on the patient specific data.
Abstract: Embodiments include a system for determining cardiovascular information for a patient. The system may include at least one computer system configured to receive patient-specific data regarding a geometry of the patient's heart, and create a three-dimensional model representing at least a portion of the patient's heart based on the patient-specific data. The at least one computer system may be further configured to create a physics-based model relating to a blood flow characteristic of the patient's heart and determine a fractional flow reserve within the patient's heart based on the three-dimensional model and the physics-based model.
394Â citations
Patent•
23 Jun 2005
TL;DR: In this article, a method for determining the risk of rupture of a blood vessel using an appropriate set of 2-D slice images obtained by scanning the blood vessel was presented, the method consisting of: generating a mesh model of the vessel using the set of two-dimensional slice images; conducting finite element stress analysis on the mesh model to calculate the level of stress on different locations on the meshes; and determining the risks of rupture based on the calculated levels of stress at different locations of the mesh models.
Abstract: In another preferred form of the present invention, there is provided a method for determining the risk of rupture of a blood vessel using an appropriate set of 2-D slice images obtained by scanning the blood vessel, the method comprising: generating a mesh model of the blood vessel using the set of 2-D slice images; conducting finite element stress analysis on the mesh model to calculate the level of stress on different locations on the mesh model; and determining the risk of rupture of the blood vessel based on the calculated levels of stress on different locations on the mesh model. In another preferred form of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for determining the risk of rupture of a blood vessel using an appropriate set of 2-D slice images obtained by scanning the blood vessel, the apparatus comprising: apparatus for generating a mesh model of the blood vessel using the set of 2-D slice images; apparatus for conducting finite element stress analysis on the mesh model to calculate the level of stress on different locations on the mesh model; and apparatus for determining the risk of rupture of the blood vessel based on the calculated levels of stress on different locations on the mesh model.
297Â citations
Patent•
15 Apr 2008
TL;DR: In this article, skeletonized feature maps define subpixel intersections that serve as anatomical landmarks to aggregate multiple images for models of larger regions of the body, and to transform images into precise standard poses.
Abstract: Calibrated infrared and range imaging sensors are used to produce a true-metric three-dimensional (3D) surface model of any body region within the fields of view of both sensors. Curvilinear surface features in both modalities are caused by internal and external anatomical elements. They are extracted to form 3D Feature Maps that are projected onto the skin surface. Skeletonized Feature Maps define subpixel intersections that serve as anatomical landmarks to aggregate multiple images for models of larger regions of the body, and to transform images into precise standard poses. Features are classified by origin, location, and characteristics to produce annotations that are recorded with the images and feature maps in reference image libraries. The system provides an enabling technology for searchable medical image libraries.
292Â citations
References
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Patent•
IBM1
TL;DR: In this article, a robotic surgical system with a multiple degree of freedom manipulator arm and a surgical tool is presented, where the manipulator is coupled to a controller for controllably positioning the surgical tool within a 3D coordinate system.
Abstract: A robotic surgical system (10) includes a multiple degree of freedom manipulator arm (14) having a surgical tool (22). The arm is coupled to a controller (24) for controllably positioning the surgical tool within a three dimensional coordinate system. The system further includes a safety monitoring processor (38) for determining the position of the surgical tool in the three dimensional coordinate system relative to a volumetric model. The volumetric model may be represented as a constructive solid geometry (CSG) tree data structure. The system further includes an optical tracking camera system (28, 32) disposed for imaging a region of space that includes at least a portion of the manipulator arm. An output of the camera system is coupled to the processor (38) that processes the volumetric model for determining if the surgical tool is positioned outside of the volumetric model. The system further includes a strain gage (40) for detecting slippage in three dimensions between an immobilized tissue, such as bone, and a reference point (44). The system also includes multiple and redundant safety features for suspending a motion of the surgical tool to prevent the tool from operating outside of the predetermined volume of space.
1,202Â citations
Patent•
27 Oct 1995TL;DR: In this article, a method and system for effecting interactive, three-dimensional renderings of selected body organs for purposes of medical observation and diagnosis are provided for the purpose of medical diagnosis.
Abstract: A method and system are provided for effecting interactive, three-dimensional renderings of selected body organs for purposes of medical observation and diagnosis. A series of CT images of the selected body organs are acquired. The series of CT images is stacked to form a three-dimensional volume file. To facilitate interactive three-dimensional rendering, the three-dimensional volume file may be subjected to an optional dataset reduction procedure to reduce pixel resolution and/or to divide the three-dimensional volume file into selected subvolumes. From a selected volume or subvolume, the image of a selected body organ is segmented or isolated. A wireframe model of the segmented organ image is then generated to enable interactive, three-dimensional rendering of the selected organ.
479Â citations
03 Aug 1997
TL;DR: This work presents an interactive virtual colonoscopy method, which uses a physicallybased camera control model and a hardware-assisted visibility algorithm that culls invisible regions based on their visibility through a chain of portals, thus providing interactive rendering speed.
Abstract: Virtual colonoscopy is a non-invasive computerized medical procedure for examining the entire colon to detect polyps. We present an interactive virtual colonoscopy method, which uses a physicallybased camera control model and a hardware-assisted visibility algorithm. By employing a potential field and rigid body dynamics, our camera control supplies a convenient and intuitive mechanism for examining the colonic surface while avoiding collisions. Our Zbuffer-assisted visibility algorithm culls invisible regions based on their visibility through a chain of portals, thus providing interactive rendering speed. We demonstrate our method with experimental results on a plastic pipe phantom, the Visible Human, and several patients. CR Categories: I.3.3 [Picture/Image Generation]: Display Algorithms; I.3.5 [Computational Geometry and Object Modeling]: Physically Based Modeling; I.3.6 [Methodologies and Techniques]: Interaction Techniques; I.3.7 [Three-Dimensional Graphics and Realism]: Hidden Line/Surface Removal; I.3.8 [Applications];
377Â citations
Patent•
23 Feb 1998TL;DR: In this paper, a computer system and a computer-implemented method are provided for interactively displaying a 3D rendering of a structure having a lumen and for indicating regions of abnormal wall structure.
Abstract: A computer system and a computer-implemented method are provided for interactively displaying a three-dimensional rendering of a structure having a lumen and for indicating regions of abnormal wall structure. A three-dimensional volume of data is formed from a series of two-dimensional images representing at least one physical property associated with the three-dimensional structure. An isosurface of a selected region of interest is created by a computer from the volume of data based on a selected value or values of a physical property representing the selected region of interest. A wireframe model of the isosurface is generated by the computer wherein the wireframe model includes a plurality of vertices. The vertices are then grouped into populations of contiguous vertices having a characteristic indicating abnormal wall structure by the computer. The wireframe model is then rendered by the computer in an interactive three-dimensional display to indicate the populations of abnormal wall structure.
340Â citations
TL;DR: A refined general definition of a skeleton is introduced that is based on a penalized distance function and that cannot create any of the degenerate cases of the earlier CEASAR and TEASAR algorithms.
Abstract: Introduces a refined general definition of a skeleton that is based on a penalized distance function and that cannot create any of the degenerate cases of the earlier CEASAR (Center-line Extraction Algorithm-Smooth, Accurate and Robust) and TEASAR (Tree-structure Extraction Algorithm for Skeletons-Accurate and Robust) algorithms. Additionally, we provide an algorithm that finds the skeleton accurately and rapidly. Our solution is fully automatic, which frees the user from having to engage in manual data pre-processing. We present the accurate skeletons computed on a number of test data sets. The algorithm is very efficient, as demonstrated by the running times, which were all below seven minutes.
282Â citations