Systematic review on the use of heat pipes in latent heat thermal energy storage tanks
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present and discuss the previous research about hybrid devices which combine latent thermal energy storage (TES) technology and heat pipes, and point out the lack of experimental studies at high temperatures, especially when many simulations extended their models to higher temperature designs.
Abstract: This systematic review presents and discusses the previous research about hybrid devices which combine latent thermal energy storage (TES) technology and heat pipes. A bibliometric analysis of this issue shows how hybrid systems have globally grown popularity during time, providing details about the main researchers and research centres on this particular field. Then, the identified papers are assessed and categorized in two main sections, the experimental research carried out, and the numerical modelling of hybrid systems. Experimental research is later classified regarding the operating temperature range, and their final application. Numerical studies are also further categorized, accordingly to how heat pipes were modelled in this case. This review points out the lack of experimental studies at high temperatures, especially when many simulations extended their models (validated at low temperatures) to higher temperature designs. The paper provides details about the research performed, so the gap for future investigations can be spotted.
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TL;DR: The use of thermal energy storage (TES) allows to cleverly exploit clean energy resources, decrease the energy consumption, and increase the efficiency of energy systems as mentioned in this paper, but despite the large number of publications, there are some aspects of TES that need to be further investigated in order to assess its complete feasibility.
36 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, phase change materials (PCMs) have received substantial interest for their ability to store and release latent heat for energy conservation and thermal control purposes, which is broadly discussed in this manuscript.
35 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , phase change materials (PCMs) have received substantial interest for their ability to store and release latent heat for energy conservation and thermal control purposes, and the advancements in thermal properties of PCMs are thoroughly discussed in terms of enhancement in melting and solidification rates.
35 citations
01 Apr 2022
TL;DR: In this article , the authors investigated the thermal conductivity of a constructal theory-based heat pipe and presented the predction of a lithium-ion battery's thermal behaviour during charge and discharge by combining a special form of machine learning with a multiphysics numerical simulation.
Abstract: This study investigates the thermal conductivity of a constructal theory-based heat pipe and presents the predction of a lithium-ion battery's thermal behaviour during charge and discharge by combining a special form of machine learning with a multiphysics numerical simulation. A series of multiple physical processes such as boiling, evaporation, and condensation were assumed to find the variable thermal conductivity of heat pipes. We used a combination of physics-informed machine learning and visual tracking method (pattern-based) to find the pattern of each feature, including temperature, for the first time. The findings reveal that a heat pipe design based on constructal theory can reduce the average and maximum temperatures of the battery by up to 13.43% and 27%, respectively, during the charge/discharge cycle. An approach based on constructal theory to the geometry of the heat pipe could reduce length (by up to 12%) without compromising efficiency. Additionally, by employing pattern-based machine learning (PBML), training time and transfer data were reduced significantly. Also, thermal conductivity could be predicted for heat pipes during charge/discharge cycles. The results of this study provide insight into adaptable thermal management systems for developing a new generation of compact battery packs
21 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a modular electro-thermal energy storage (ETES) technology was proposed for small-scale stand-alone renewable energy systems, which can utilize various thermal storage materials (thermal oil, molten salt, and sand).
Abstract: To decarbonise the energy production system, the share of renewable energy must increase. Particularly for small-scale stand-alone renewable energy systems, energy storage has become essential in providing electricity when the demand is high, for example, during the night. Although there are many different storage technologies, only a few are suitable for small-scale stand-alone renewable systems. Those systems must be modular and scalable to be deployed according to the capacity needed. Currently, batteries are among the leading grid storage technologies, but the demand, particularly for Lithium-ion batteries, is also high because of the electrification needs of the transportation sector. Therefore, the question of material availability might become an issue in the future, as Lithium is a scarce and critical element. As an alternative, we introduce a new modular electro-thermal energy storage (ETES) technology that is suitable for various storage needs. This storage unit can utilise various thermal storage materials (thermal oil, molten salt, and sand) at high capacities and improved efficiencies. Our design consists of the embedment of Stirling engines and an electric heater into a thermally insulated storage tank. The source electricity is first converted to heat stored in the storage tank and then converted back to electricity when needed. Among the thermal energy storage materials studied here, sand enabled the storage system's efficiency to reach 85% thanks to its wide range of operating temperatures. The cost is projected to be up to six times lower than that of current Lithium-ion batteries. This new electro-thermal energy storage provides a promising cost-efficient, high capacity alternative for stand-alone energy systems.
19 citations
References
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TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the history of thermal energy storage with solid-liquid phase change has been carried out and three aspects have been the focus of this review: materials, heat transfer and applications.
4,019 citations
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28 Sep 1994
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a model for modeling heat pipe performance based on the properties of heat pipes and their properties in the electronics industry, including their properties and properties in terms of testing and analysis.
Abstract: Background Information. Capillary Limitation in Heat Pipes and Thermosyphons. Other Operating Limits. Modeling Heat Pipe Performance. Types and Classification of Heat Pipes. Design and Manufacturing Considerations. Heat Pipe Testing and Analysis. Heat Pipe Applications in the Electronics Industry. Appendices. Indexes.
505 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a thermal management system equipped with heat pipes was designed according to the heat generated character of power batteries to increase the cycle time of power battery and decrease the overall cost of electric vehicles.
370 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a review is presented concerning the types of heat pipes, heat pipe analysis, and simulations, as well as advances in computational and experimental methodologies for heat pipes.
Abstract: Over the last several decades, several factors have contributed to a major transformation in heat pipe science and technology applications The first major contribution was the development and advances of new heat pipes, such as loop heat pipes (LHPs), micro and miniature heat pipes, and pulsating heat pipes (PHPs) In addition, there are now many commercial applications that have helped contribute to the recent interest in heat pipes For example, several million heat pipes are manufactured each month for applications in CPU cooling and laptop computers Numerical modeling, analysis, and experimental simulation of heat pipes have significantly progressed due to a much greater understanding of various physical phenomena in heat pipes as well as advances in computational and experimental methodologies A review is presented hereafter concerning the types of heat pipes, heat pipe analysis, and simulations
334 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a heat pipe-assisted phase change material (PCM) based battery thermal management (BTM) system is designed to fulfill the comprehensive energy utilization for electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles.
291 citations