Tactile Internet for Smart Communities in 5G: An Insight for NOMA-Based Solutions
TL;DR: This paper discusses the application-specific nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA)-based communication architecture for Tactile Internet which allows nonorthogsonal resource sharing from a pool of eMBB, mMTC, cMTC, and URLLC devices to a shared base station.
Abstract: In the last few years, there has been an exponential increase in the deployment of 5G-based test beds across the globe with an aim to reduce the latency for accessing various applications. The integration of generic services such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine-type communications (mMTC), critical machine-type communication (cMTC), and ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC) can improve the performance of 5G-based applications. This service heterogeneity can be achieved by network slicing for an optimized resource allocation and an emerging technology, Tactile Internet, to achieve low latency, high bandwidth, service availability, and end-to-end security. In this paper, we discuss the application-specific nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA)-based communication architecture for Tactile Internet which allows nonorthogonal resource sharing from a pool of eMBB, mMTC, cMTC, and URLLC devices to a shared base station. We summarize various variants of NOMA and their suitability for future low latency Tactile-Internet-based applications.
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Cites background from "Tactile Internet for Smart Communit..."
...0 [28], [29] in context to security, privacy, and analytics....
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128 citations
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TL;DR: The analysis shows that the proposed architecture with TI as a network backbone has faster response time and higher reliability in comparison to the existing system, and presents a recent case study on the world's first successfully executed teleslanting heart surgery.
Abstract: Telesurgery in the 5G era has huge potential to deliver healthcare surgical services to remote locations using high-speed data transfer with a wireless communication channel. It provides benefits to society in view of its improved precision and accuracy to diagnose patients even from remote locations. However, the existing traditional telesurgery system has high communication latency and overhead, which limits its applicability in a wide range of future applications. To mitigate these issues, in this article, we analyze and give insights on the 5G-enabled Tactile Internet (TI)-based telesurgery system for Healthcare 4.0. The URLCC service of 5G ensures ultra-low latency (< 1 ms) and ultra-high reliability (99.999 percent) communication channel for remote surgery. We propose an architecture for telesurgery with two different aspects of communication channel: traditional network and 5G-enabled TI. Then we present a recent case study on the world's first successfully executed teleslanting heart surgery. The analysis shows that the proposed architecture with TI as a network backbone has faster response time and higher reliability in comparison to the existing system. Finally, some key open issues and research challenges of the traditional telesurgery architecture in terms of latency and reliability are highlighted.
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References
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TL;DR: This article introduces a millimeter-wave mobile broadband (MMB) system as a candidate next generation mobile communication system and demonstrates the feasibility for MMB to achieve gigabit-per-second data rates at a distance up to 1 km in an urban mobile environment.
Abstract: Almost all mobile communication systems today use spectrum in the range of 300 MHz-3 GHz. In this article, we reason why the wireless community should start looking at the 3-300 GHz spectrum for mobile broadband applications. We discuss propagation and device technology challenges associated with this band as well as its unique advantages for mobile communication. We introduce a millimeter-wave mobile broadband (MMB) system as a candidate next generation mobile communication system. We demonstrate the feasibility for MMB to achieve gigabit-per-second data rates at a distance up to 1 km in an urban mobile environment. A few key concepts in MMB network architecture such as the MMB base station grid, MMB interBS backhaul link, and a hybrid MMB + 4G system are described. We also discuss beamforming techniques and the frame structure of the MMB air interface.
2,487 citations
"Tactile Internet for Smart Communit..." refers background in this paper
...30 to 300 GHz is known as millimeter-wave or mmWave [21]....
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TL;DR: The Tactile Internet will become a driver for economic growth and innovation and will help bring a new level of sophistication to societies.
Abstract: Wireless communications today enables us to connect devices and people for an unprecedented exchange of multimedia and data content. The data rates of wireless communications continue to increase, mainly driven by innovation in electronics. Once the latency of communication systems becomes low enough to enable a round-trip delay from terminals through the network back to terminals of approximately 1 ms, an overlooked breakthrough?human tactile to visual feedback control?will change how humans communicate around the world. Using these controls, wireless communications can be the platform for enabling the control and direction of real and virtual objects in many situations of our life. Almost no area of the economy will be left untouched, as this new technology will change health care, mobility, education, manufacturing, smart grids, and much more. The Tactile Internet will become a driver for economic growth and innovation and will help bring a new level of sophistication to societies.
839 citations
"Tactile Internet for Smart Communit..." refers background in this paper
...The Tactile Internet, which was proposed nearly four years ago [23], has features such as reliability, availability, low latency, and security, for Healthcare 4....
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TL;DR: A comprehensive survey of the original birth, the most recent development, and the future research directions of non-orthogonal multiple access, along with a range of challenging open problems that should be solved for NOMA.
Abstract: In the fifth generation (5G) of wireless communication systems, hitherto unprecedented requirements are expected to be satisfied. As one of the promising techniques of addressing these challenges, non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has been actively investigated in recent years. In contrast to the family of conventional orthogonal multiple access (OMA) schemes, the key distinguishing feature of NOMA is to support a higher number of users than the number of orthogonal resource slots with the aid of non-orthogonal resource allocation. This may be realized by the sophisticated inter-user interference cancellation at the cost of an increased receiver complexity. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive survey of the original birth, the most recent development, and the future research directions of NOMA. Specifically, the basic principle of NOMA will be introduced at first, with the comparison between NOMA and OMA especially from the perspective of information theory. Then, the prominent NOMA schemes are discussed by dividing them into two categories, namely, power-domain and code-domain NOMA. Their design principles and key features will be discussed in detail, and a systematic comparison of these NOMA schemes will be summarized in terms of their spectral efficiency, system performance, receiver complexity, etc. Finally, we will highlight a range of challenging open problems that should be solved for NOMA, along with corresponding opportunities and future research trends to address these challenges.
787 citations
"Tactile Internet for Smart Communit..." refers methods in this paper
...So nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) techniques are envisioned to become the replacement of the exiting techniques for MA in the future for 5G networks [1], [2]....
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26 Sep 2018TL;DR: In this article, a principled and scalable framework which takes into account delay, reliability, packet size, network architecture and topology (across access, edge, and core), and decision-making under uncertainty is provided.
Abstract: Ensuring ultrareliable and low-latency communication (URLLC) for 5G wireless networks and beyond is of capital importance and is currently receiving tremendous attention in academia and industry. At its core, URLLC mandates a departure from expected utility-based network design approaches, in which relying on average quantities (e.g., average throughput, average delay, and average response time) is no longer an option but a necessity. Instead, a principled and scalable framework which takes into account delay, reliability, packet size, network architecture and topology (across access, edge, and core), and decision-making under uncertainty is sorely lacking. The overarching goal of this paper is a first step to filling this void. Towards this vision, after providing definitions of latency and reliability, we closely examine various enablers of URLLC and their inherent tradeoffs. Subsequently, we focus our attention on a wide variety of techniques and methodologies pertaining to the requirements of URLLC, as well as their applications through selected use cases. These results provide crisp insights for the design of low-latency and high-reliability wireless networks.
779 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors study the potential advantages of allowing for non-orthogonal sharing of RAN resources in uplink communications from a set of eMBB, mMTC, and URLLC devices to a common base station.
Abstract: The grand objective of 5G wireless technology is to support three generic services with vastly heterogeneous requirements: enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine-type communications (mMTCs), and ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLCs). Service heterogeneity can be accommodated by network slicing, through which each service is allocated resources to provide performance guarantees and isolation from the other services. Slicing of the radio access network (RAN) is typically done by means of orthogonal resource allocation among the services. This paper studies the potential advantages of allowing for non-orthogonal sharing of RAN resources in uplink communications from a set of eMBB, mMTC, and URLLC devices to a common base station. The approach is referred to as heterogeneous non-orthogonal multiple access (H-NOMA), in contrast to the conventional NOMA techniques that involve users with homogeneous requirements and hence can be investigated through a standard multiple access channel. The study devises a communication-theoretic model that accounts for the heterogeneous requirements and characteristics of the three services. The concept of reliability diversity is introduced as a design principle that leverages the different reliability requirements across the services in order to ensure performance guarantees with non-orthogonal RAN slicing. This paper reveals that H-NOMA can lead, in some regimes, to significant gains in terms of performance tradeoffs among the three generic services as compared to orthogonal slicing.
654 citations