Tamponade or filling effect: changes of forces in myopic eyes.
02 Jul 2014-BioMed Research International (Hindawi Publishing Corporation)-Vol. 2014, pp 618382-618382
TL;DR: An updated review of the clinical use of vitreous substitutes in the myopic eye is provided, paying particular attention to analyzing the ideal function of endotamponade agents and comparing the effects of these agents on the physical and biological properties of the eye.
Abstract: Myopia is the most common ocular abnormality. Its high and growing prevalence has contributed to a recent surge in surgical interest in the disorder, since retinal detachment in eyes with high myopia differs from that in emmetropic eyes or eyes with low myopia. The myopic eye, because of its specific anatomy, poses special challenges that need to be overcome to ensure the appropriate use of vitreous substitutes. However, intraocular tamponades have shown great potential for revolutionizing retinal detachment surgery and vitreomacular surgery in general in myopic eyes. We provide an updated review of the clinical use of vitreous substitutes in the myopic eye, paying particular attention to analyzing the ideal function of endotamponade agents and comparing the effects of these agents on the physical and biological properties of the eye.
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Book•
01 Jan 1982
TL;DR: "Graefe's Archive" is a distinguished international journal that presents original clinical reports and clinically relevant experimental studies and provides rapid dissemination of clinical and clinically related experimental information.
Abstract: "Graefe's Archive" is a distinguished international journal that presents original clinical reports and clinically relevant experimental studies. Founded in 1854 by Albrecht von Graefe to serve as a source of useful clinical information and a stimulus for discussion, the journal has published articles by leading ophthalmologists and vision research scientists for more than a century. With peer review by an international Editorial Board and prompt English-language publication, "Graefe's Archive" provides rapid dissemination of clinical and clinically related experimental information.
750 citations
TL;DR: Although different approaches are used, complete resolution of foveoschisis, retinal reattachment, and MH closure seem to be achieved more frequently with MB than PPV.
Abstract: The aim of this study is to review anatomical and functional outcomes following macular buckling (MB) in high myopia and to compare such results with those obtained by pars plana vitrectomy (PPV). PubMed articles on MB in high myopia (2000–2016) were reviewed. Main outcomes included retinal reattachment and macular hole (MH) closure rates, resolution of myopic foveoschisis (MFS), and postoperative visual acuity. Thirty-one articles included 16 in patients with retinal detachment due to MH (MHRD group), 11 in MFS with or without foveal detachment (MFS group), and 4 in MH patients with MFS (MH-MFS group). Surgical techniques mainly differed in the type of buckle, rectus muscles involvement, and concurrent PPV. In eyes with persistent MH, prognosis in the MHRD and MH-MFS groups differed between eyes receiving MB compared to PPV: functional outcome was markedly poorer and there was a higher risk of retinal redetachment associated with PPV. In the MSF group, secondary MHs were more likely to develop in eyes treated with PPV and internal limiting membrane peeling than those undergoing MB alone or combined with PPV. Retinal pigment epithelium changes, malpositioning, perforation, and choroidal detachment were the main complications. Although different approaches are used, complete resolution of foveoschisis, retinal reattachment, and MH closure seem to be achieved more frequently with MB than PPV.
54 citations
Cites background from "Tamponade or filling effect: change..."
...However, marked scleral irregularity such as that seen in highly myopic eyes was found to be associated with failure of both standard and heavy silicone oil (HSO) tamponades [64, 65]....
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TL;DR: The right interpretation of the forces involved in the epiretinal tangential tractions helps in a better definition of diagnosis, progression, prognosis, and surgical outcomes of vitreomacular interfaces.
Abstract: Two kinds of forces are active in vitreoretinal traction diseases: tangential and anterior-posterior forces. However, tangential forces are less characterized and classified in literature compared to the anterior-posterior ones. Tangential epiretinal forces are mainly due to anomalous posterior vitreous detachment (PVD), vitreoschisis, vitreopapillary adhesion (VPA), and epiretinal membranes (ERMs). Anomalous PVD plays a key role in the formation of the tangential vectorial forces on the retinal surface as consequence of gel liquefaction (synchysis) without sufficient and fast vitreous dehiscence at the vitreoretinal interface. The anomalous and persistent adherence of the posterior hyaloid to the retina can lead to vitreomacular/vitreopapillary adhesion or to a formation of avascular fibrocellular tissue (ERM) resulting from the proliferation and transdifferentiation of hyalocytes resident in the cortical vitreous remnants after vitreoschisis. The right interpretation of the forces involved in the epiretinal tangential tractions helps in a better definition of diagnosis, progression, prognosis, and surgical outcomes of vitreomacular interfaces.
35 citations
Cites background from "Tamponade or filling effect: change..."
...This process leads to a significant reduction in the gel volume and a consequent increase in the liquid volume, which results in PVD or posterior vitreoschisis, whereas the increased rigidity of the preretinal vitreousmight be the cause of undue tangential traction at the vitreoretinal interface either at the posterior pole or in the middle periphery [13, 32]....
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...In high myopia, the anteroposterior axis is the longest, and the vitreous chamber may be prolate [32]....
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...The vitreous, partially liquefied, is more rapidly disrupted in larger eyes than in normal eyes [32]....
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TL;DR: An updated review of the clinical use of standard formulations and HSO, focusing on analysis of the intraocular inflammation associated with endotamponade agents, and comparison of the adverse effects of these agents on the physical and biological properties of the eye is presented.
Abstract: Proliferative vitreoretinopathy in the inferior retina remains clinically challenging. Heavier-than-water intraocular tamponades have been developed to improve inferior tamponading properties, and their chemical compositions have been substantially improved over the years, in parallel with developments in vitrectomy instrumentation and surgical techniques. Herein we present an updated review of the clinical use of standard formulations and HSO, focusing on analysis of the intraocular inflammation associated with endotamponade agents, and comparison of the adverse effects of these agents on the physical and biological properties of the eye. A detailed literature search was conducted on PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar using the key words. Fifty-eight articles matched our inclusion criteria that were included in this systematic review. Perfluorocarbon liquids and partially fluorinated alkanes are associated with tamponade emulsification, intraocular inflammation, and rises in intraocular pressure, but these associations are not as strong when these substances are mixed with a heavy silicone oil (HSO). Two recently approved heavy silicone oil tamponades, Oxane HD and Densiron 68, are now available for use in clinical practice. While the complication spectrum of the new generation of these HSOs seems to be similar to that of conventional silicone oil tamponades, they provide better support for the inferior retina and the posterior pole. Both regular and heavy silicone oils usually yield good success rates in cases of complicated retinal detachment. Decisions as to whether to utilize heavy or regular silicone oil should be made on a case-by-case basis.
34 citations
Cites background from "Tamponade or filling effect: change..."
...Myopia leads to a much higher risk of RD, as the morphology of the vitreous chamber approximates an ellipsoid [1], whereas in emmetropic eyes the length of the anteroposterior axis is usually slightly shorter than that of the vertical and horizontal axes....
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TL;DR: To evaluate the inflammation associated with the use of standard silicone oil and heavy silicone oil in patients undergoing vitrectomy for retinal detachment, silicone oil Densiron‐68™ is used as a treatment option.
Abstract: PURPOSE To evaluate the inflammation associated with the use of standard silicone oil (polydimethylsiloxane; PDMS) and heavy silicone oil (HSO) Densiron-68™ in patients undergoing vitrectomy for retinal detachment. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective study was performed involving 35 patients scheduled to undergo vitrectomy for retinal detachment. Patients received PDMS or Densiron-68™ HSO according to superior or inferior retinal localization of the tears, respectively. For assessing the inflammation, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ) and interleukin-1α (IL-1α) levels were evaluated in the aqueous. RESULTS Thirty-five eyes of 35 patients completed the study: 20 eyes received HSO, and 15 eyes received PDMS. The mean aqueous PGE2 level was significantly higher in HSO patients than in PDMS patients (869.16 ± 242.83 pg/ml versus 369.38 ± 209.7 pg/ml, respectively; p < 0.0001). The mean aqueous IL-1α level was also significantly higher in HSO patients than in PDMS patients (81.40 ± 36.9 pg/ml versus 40.8 ± 32.5 pg/ml, respectively; p = 0.002). In HSO, a moderate positive correlation between the endotamponade duration and both PGE2 (r = 0.44; p = 0.05) and IL-1α (r = 0.48; p = 0.033) levels was observed. In PDMS, a strong positive correlation between the endotamponade duration and both PGE2 (r = 0.89; p < 0.0001) and IL-1α (r = 0.68; p = 0.006) levels was observed. CONCLUSION Although both HSO and PDMS yielded favourable success rates in the surgical treatment of complicated retinal detachments, HSO triggered a more severe inflammatory reaction, in a time-dependent manner.
25 citations
Cites background from "Tamponade or filling effect: change..."
...Side-effects of heavy silicone oil (HSO) are associated with the chemical and physical properties of the tamponading compound and are similar to those associated with conventional silicone oil (Semeraro et al. 2014)....
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...…apolipoproteins, encircling bands and other substances previously used intraoperatively (PFCL, remnants of oil or vitreous) and especially by the oil/aqueous movement generated by eye movements resulting in shearing forces (Savion et al. 1996; Morescalchi et al. 2014; Semeraro et al. 2014)....
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References
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01 Jan 2010
TL;DR: The proofs of your article above are available for your review and can be downloaded using the file located at this URL address: http://rapidproof.cadmus.com/RapidProof/retrieval/index.jsp.
Abstract: IOVS MS 11-7777 (Article 2207) Proofs Available _______________________ Dear Author: The proofs of your article above are available for your review. Please download the file located at this URLaddress: http://rapidproof.cadmus.com/RapidProof/retrieval/index.jsp Login: [your e-mail address]Password: 99S4UntgTcU9 You will need to have Adobe Acrobat Reader software to read this file. This is free software and is availablefor user downloading at http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/readstep.html. If you experience technical problems, please contact Tracey Ritchey(e-mail: ritcheyt@cadmus.com; phone: 717-721-2646) This file contains: -- Instructions to Author-- Adobe Acrobat Comments and Notes Instructions-- Publication Fees and Reprint Order Form-- Page Proofs for your article, table of contents precis blurb, and author queries - containing 5 pages Please insert your comments electronically (instructions enclosed), or print the PDF proofs and add yourcomments manually. Follow the enclosed instructions for emailing, faxing, or mailing your corrections.Return all materials within 48 hours (two business days) to assure quick publication of your article. NOTE: Effective with the January 2010 issue IOVS will be available online only. No printed issues will beproduced. Printed reprints may still be ordered using the file provided. If you have any questions regarding your article, please contact me. ALWAYS INCLUDE YOURARTICLE NO. (IOVS MS 11-7777) WITH ALL CORRESPONDENCE. Cathy FreyTel: 717-721-2616Fax: 717-738-9479 or 717-738-9478freyc@cadmus.com
1,575 citations
TL;DR: The hierarchy of causes of blindness and visual impairment is highly determined by age; as yet, little can be done to reduce the exponential increase of blindness; however, adequate implementation of surgery to treat cataract could reduce visual impairment by one third.
Abstract: Objective To study the prevalence and causes of blindness and visual impairment in various age categories of a large population-based study. Methods For the study, 6775 subjects aged 55 years or older underwent an extensive ophthalmologic screening examination, including measurements of visual acuity and the visual field and fundus photography. The causes of blindness or visual impairment were determined using all screening information and medical records. Results The prevalence of blindness, according to World Health Organization criteria, ranged from 0.1% in subjects aged 55 to 64 years to 3.9% in subjects aged 85 years or older; the prevalence of visual impairment ranged from 0.1% to 11.8%. For persons younger than 75 years, myopic degeneration and optic neuropathy were the most important causes of impaired vision. For persons aged 75 years or older, age-related macular degeneration was the major cause of the increased prevalence of blindness, whereas age-related cataract predominantly caused the increased prevalence of visual impairment. Conclusions The hierarchy of causes of blindness and visual impairment is highly determined by age. As yet, little can be done to reduce the exponential increase of blindness; however, adequate implementation of surgery to treat cataract could reduce visual impairment by one third. Underuse of ophthalmologic care is a prominent cause of the high frequency of untreated cataracts among the elderly.
857 citations
"Tamponade or filling effect: change..." refers background in this paper
...47% [11, 12, 16], whereas its prevalence in the Asian population is estimated to be 0....
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...8% of eyes with low vision or blindness [11, 12]....
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Book•
01 Jan 1982
TL;DR: "Graefe's Archive" is a distinguished international journal that presents original clinical reports and clinically relevant experimental studies and provides rapid dissemination of clinical and clinically related experimental information.
Abstract: "Graefe's Archive" is a distinguished international journal that presents original clinical reports and clinically relevant experimental studies. Founded in 1854 by Albrecht von Graefe to serve as a source of useful clinical information and a stimulus for discussion, the journal has published articles by leading ophthalmologists and vision research scientists for more than a century. With peer review by an international Editorial Board and prompt English-language publication, "Graefe's Archive" provides rapid dissemination of clinical and clinically related experimental information.
750 citations
TL;DR: Myopia prevalence rose with family income and educational level, and the importance of income and education level may result from their association with near work, a factor that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of myopia.
Abstract: • Data from the 1971 to 1972 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used to estimate myopia prevalence rates for persons in the United States between the ages of 12 and 54 years. When persons were classified by the refractive status of their right eye, 25% were myopic. Significantly lower prevalence rates were found for male subjects than for female subjects and for blacks than for whites. Myopia prevalence rose with family income and educational level. The importance of income and educational level may result from their association with near work, a factor that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of myopia.
561 citations
TL;DR: The most frequent cause of low vision and blindness in adult Chinese is cataract, followed by degenerativeMyopia and glaucomatous optic neuropathy, with degenerative myopia dominating in younger groups andCataract dominating in elder groups.
546 citations