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Journal ArticleDOI

Target-driven smoke animation

01 Aug 2004-Vol. 23, Iss: 3, pp 441-448
TL;DR: This paper generates a smoke simulation in which the smoke is driven towards each of these targets in turn, while exhibiting natural-looking interesting smoke-like behavior.
Abstract: In this paper we present a new method for efficiently controlling animated smoke. Given a sequence of target smoke states, our method generates a smoke simulation in which the smoke is driven towards each of these targets in turn, while exhibiting natural-looking interesting smoke-like behavior. This control is made possible by two new terms that we add to the standard flow equations: (i) a driving force term that causes the fluid to carry the smoke towards a particular target, and (ii) a smoke gathering term that prevents the smoke from diffusing too much. These terms are explicitly defined by the instantaneous state of the system at each simulation timestep. Thus, no expensive optimization is required, allowing complex smoke animations to be generated with very little additional cost compared to ordinary flow simulations.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
01 Aug 2004
TL;DR: A novel method for controlling physics-based fluid simulations through gradient-based nonlinear optimization and the first method for the full control of free-surface liquids is introduced.
Abstract: We describe a novel method for controlling physics-based fluid simulations through gradient-based nonlinear optimization. Using a technique known as the adjoint method, derivatives can be computed efficiently, even for large 3D simulations with millions of control parameters. In addition, we introduce the first method for the full control of free-surface liquids. We show how to compute adjoint derivatives through each step of the simulation, including the fast marching algorithm, and describe a new set of control parameters specifically designed for liquids.

316 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jul 2005
TL;DR: This work introduces a new hybrid technique that makes synergistic use of Lagrangian vortex particle methods and Eulerian grid based methods to overcome the weaknesses of both.
Abstract: Vorticity confinement reintroduces the small scale detail lost when using efficient semi-Lagrangian schemes for simulating smoke and fire However, it only amplifies the existing vorticity, and thus can be insufficient for highly turbulent effects such as explosions or rough water We introduce a new hybrid technique that makes synergistic use of Lagrangian vortex particle methods and Eulerian grid based methods to overcome the weaknesses of both Our approach uses vorticity confinement itself to couple these two methods together We demonstrate that this approach can generate highly turbulent effects unachievable by standard grid based methods, and show applications to smoke, water and explosion simulations

274 citations


Cites methods from "Target-driven smoke animation"

  • ...Other interesting work includes control methodologies [Treuille et al. 2003; McNamara et al. 2004; Fattal and Lischinski 2004], flow on surfaces [Stam 2003], the use of advected radial basis functions for editing simulation results [Pighin et al....

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Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jul 2006
TL;DR: A new paradigm is proposed that allows one to incorporate physical jump conditions in data "on the fly," which is significantly more efficient for multiple regions especially at triple points or near boundaries with solids.
Abstract: The particle level set method has proven successful for the simulation of two separate regions (such as water and air, or fuel and products). In this paper, we propose a novel approach to extend this method to the simulation of as many regions as desired. The various regions can be liquids (or gases) of any type with differing viscosities, densities, viscoelastic properties, etc. We also propose techniques for simulating interactions between materials, whether it be simple surface tension forces or more complex chemical reactions with one material converting to another or two materials combining to form a third. We use a separate particle level set method for each region, and propose a novel projection algorithm that decodes the resulting vector of level set values providing a "dictionary" that translates between them and the standard single-valued level set representation. An additional difficulty occurs since discretization stencils (for interpolation, tracing semi-Lagrangian rays, etc.) cross region boundaries naively combining non-smooth or even discontinuous data. This has recently been addressed via ghost values, e.g. for fire or bubbles. We instead propose a new paradigm that allows one to incorporate physical jump conditions in data "on the fly," which is significantly more efficient for multiple regions especially at triple points or near boundaries with solids.

233 citations


Cites background from "Target-driven smoke animation"

  • ...Some of the most recent interesting areas include control [Treuille et al. 2003; McNamara et al. 2004; Fattal and Lischinski 2004; Rasmussen et al. 2004; Mihalef et al. 2004; Shi and Yu 2005], solid fluid coupling [Carlson et al....

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Journal ArticleDOI
01 Aug 2008
TL;DR: A novel wavelet method for the simulation of fluids at high spatial resolution that uses the wavelet decomposition of a low-resolution simulation to determine the location and energy characteristics of missing high-frequency components and synthesizes these missing components using a novel incompressible turbulence function.
Abstract: We present a novel wavelet method for the simulation of fluids at high spatial resolution. The algorithm enables large- and small-scale detail to be edited separately, allowing high-resolution detail to be added as a post-processing step. Instead of solving the Navier-Stokes equations over a highly refined mesh, we use the wavelet decomposition of a low-resolution simulation to determine the location and energy characteristics of missing high-frequency components. We then synthesize these missing components using a novel incompressible turbulence function, and provide a method to maintain the temporal coherence of the resulting structures. There is no linear system to solve, so the method parallelizes trivially and requires only a few auxiliary arrays. The method guarantees that the new frequencies will not interfere with existing frequencies, allowing animators to set up a low resolution simulation quickly and later add details without changing the overall fluid motion.

206 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jul 2005
TL;DR: A novel method for solid/fluid coupling that can treat infinitesimally thin solids modeled by a lower dimensional triangulated surface and a two way coupling technique that allows the fluid's pressure to affect the solid.
Abstract: We present a novel method for solid/fluid coupling that can treat infinitesimally thin solids modeled by a lower dimensional triangulated surface. Since classical solid/fluid coupling algorithms rasterize the solid body onto the fluid grid, an entirely new approach is required to treat thin objects that do not contain an interior region. Robust ray casting is used to augment a number of interpolation, finite difference and rendering techniques so that fluid does not leak through the triangulated surface. Moreover, we propose a technique for properly enforcing incompressibility so that fluid does not incorrectly compress (and appear to lose mass) near the triangulated surface. This allows for the robust interaction of cloth and shells with thin sheets of water. The proposed method works for both rigid body shells and for deformable manifolds such as cloth, and we present a two way coupling technique that allows the fluid's pressure to affect the solid. Examples illustrate that our method performs well, especially in the difficult case of water and cloth where it produces visually rich interactions between the particle level set method for treating the water/air interface and our newly proposed method for treating the solid/fluid interface. We have implemented the method on both uniform and adaptive octree grids.

196 citations


Cites methods from "Target-driven smoke animation"

  • ...2003] combined interpolation with two dimensional simulations to create three dimensional nuclear explosions, [Treuille et al. 2003; Fattal and Lischinski 2004] proposed methods for control, and [Stam 2003] solved these equations on surfaces creating beautiful imagery....

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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a new technique is described for the numerical investigation of the time-dependent flow of an incompressible fluid, the boundary of which is partially confined and partially free The full Navier-Stokes equations are written in finite-difference form, and the solution is accomplished by finite-time step advancement.
Abstract: A new technique is described for the numerical investigation of the time‐dependent flow of an incompressible fluid, the boundary of which is partially confined and partially free The full Navier‐Stokes equations are written in finite‐difference form, and the solution is accomplished by finite‐time‐step advancement The primary dependent variables are the pressure and the velocity components Also used is a set of marker particles which move with the fluid The technique is called the marker and cell method Some examples of the application of this method are presented All non‐linear effects are completely included, and the transient aspects can be computed for as much elapsed time as desired

5,841 citations


"Target-driven smoke animation" refers methods in this paper

  • ...We use a staggered arrangement of the different variables [Harlow and Welch 1965]: the velocity variables are defined at the centers of the cell faces, while the pressure and density variables are defined at the center of each cell (see Figure 3)....

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Book
01 Jan 2002
TL;DR: The CLAWPACK software as discussed by the authors is a popular tool for solving high-resolution hyperbolic problems with conservation laws and conservation laws of nonlinear scalar scalar conservation laws.
Abstract: Preface 1. Introduction 2. Conservation laws and differential equations 3. Characteristics and Riemann problems for linear hyperbolic equations 4. Finite-volume methods 5. Introduction to the CLAWPACK software 6. High resolution methods 7. Boundary conditions and ghost cells 8. Convergence, accuracy, and stability 9. Variable-coefficient linear equations 10. Other approaches to high resolution 11. Nonlinear scalar conservation laws 12. Finite-volume methods for nonlinear scalar conservation laws 13. Nonlinear systems of conservation laws 14. Gas dynamics and the Euler equations 15. Finite-volume methods for nonlinear systems 16. Some nonclassical hyperbolic problems 17. Source terms and balance laws 18. Multidimensional hyperbolic problems 19. Multidimensional numerical methods 20. Multidimensional scalar equations 21. Multidimensional systems 22. Elastic waves 23. Finite-volume methods on quadrilateral grids Bibliography Index.

5,791 citations


"Target-driven smoke animation" refers methods in this paper

  • ...Our approach does not require keeping track of derivatives, and thus we are free to use non-differentiable numerical schemes, such as flux limiter based hyperbolic solvers [Leveque 2002], which improve the accuracy of our simulations....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a numerical method for solving incompressible viscous flow problems is introduced, which uses the velocities and the pressure as variables and is equally applicable to problems in two and three space dimensions.

2,797 citations


"Target-driven smoke animation" refers methods in this paper

  • ...To impose equation 2 discretely, we use Chorin’s projection technique [1967]. We recover a divergence free field (U,V,W )(4) in the discrete sense, i....

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Proceedings ArticleDOI
01 Jul 1999
TL;DR: This paper proposes an unconditionally stable model which still produces complex fluid-like flows and the stability of the model allows us to take larger time steps and therefore achieve faster simulations.
Abstract: Building animation tools for fluid-like motions is an important and challenging problem with many applications in computer graphics. The use of physics-based models for fluid flow can greatly assist in creating such tools. Physical models, unlike key frame or procedural based techniques, permit an animator to almost effortlessly create interesting, swirling fluid-like behaviors. Also, the interaction of flows with objects and virtual forces is handled elegantly. Until recently, it was believed that physical fluid models were too expensive to allow real-time interaction. This was largely due to the fact that previous models used unstable schemes to solve the physical equations governing a fluid. In this paper, for the first time, we propose an unconditionally stable model which still produces complex fluid-like flows. As well, our method is very easy to implement. The stability of our model allows us to take larger time steps and therefore achieve faster simulations. We have used our model in conjuction with advecting solid textures to create many fluid-like animations interactively in twoand three-dimensions. CR Categories: I.3.7 [Computer Graphics]: Three-Dimensional Graphics and Realism—Animation

1,640 citations


"Target-driven smoke animation" refers methods in this paper

  • ...We will not attempt to provide a complete survey of such methods; the interested reader can find good surveys in the previous work sections of [Stam 1999], [Fedkiw et al....

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  • ...For example, Stam [1999] used this term to allow a user to control the flow by dragging a mouse....

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  • ...Efficient and stable methods for performing such simulations have been recently introduced to the computer graphics community [Stam 1999; Fedkiw et al. 2001; Foster and Fedkiw 2001; Enright et al. 2002; Nguyen et al. 2002]....

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