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Journal ArticleDOI

Targeting Engineered Nanoparticles for Breast Cancer Therapy

TL;DR: A comprehensive review of engineered nanoparticles and their payloads as promising tools for the treatment of breast cancer is presented in this article, which provides insights on the importance of engineered NPs and their methodology for validation as a next-generation platform with preventive and therapeutic effects against BC.
Abstract: Breast cancer (BC) is the second most common cancer in women globally after lung cancer. Presently, the most important approach for BC treatment consists of surgery, followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The latter therapeutic methods are often unsuccessful in the treatment of BC because of their various side effects and the damage incurred to healthy tissues and organs. Currently, numerous nanoparticles (NPs) have been identified and synthesized to selectively target BC cells without causing any impairments to the adjacent normal tissues or organs. Based on an exploratory study, this comprehensive review aims to provide information on engineered NPs and their payloads as promising tools in the treatment of BC. Therapeutic drugs or natural bioactive compounds generally incorporate engineered NPs of ideal sizes and shapes to enhance their solubility, circulatory half-life, and biodistribution, while reducing their side effects and immunogenicity. Furthermore, ligands such as peptides, antibodies, and nucleic acids on the surface of NPs precisely target BC cells. Studies on the synthesis of engineered NPs and their impact on BC were obtained from PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. This review provides insights on the importance of engineered NPs and their methodology for validation as a next-generation platform with preventive and therapeutic effects against BC.
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Journal ArticleDOI
18 Jan 2022-Cancers
TL;DR: NEs were significantly associated with a higher incidence of BC with other high-risk factors including, geographical distribution, emotion types, standard diagnosis of NEs, and follow-up duration, which suggests that NEs significantly increase the risk for the incidence ofBC, which can be supportive of the prognosis of the disease.
Abstract: Simple Summary Negative emotions (NEs) and their impacts have greatly influenced the incidence and risk of breast cancer (BC). The present study aims to provide an association between NEs and the incidence of BC with possible risk factors. A total of 9343 studies were screened; nine studies met all inclusion criteria that were considered for the meta-analysis. Observational studies were included with relative risks (RR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). We analyzed data from 129,621 women diagnosed with NEs of which 2080 women were diagnosed with BC and their follow-up year ranges were from 4–24 years. NEs were significantly associated with a higher incidence of BC with other high-risk factors including, geographical distribution, emotion types, standard diagnosis of NEs, and follow-up duration. This study suggests that NEs significantly increase the risk for the incidence of BC, which can be supportive of the prognosis of the disease. Abstract Breast cancer (BC) is one of the common malignant tumors in women and affects 1.6 million new cases globally each year. Investigators have recently found that negative emotions (NEs) and their impacts have greatly influenced the incidence and risk of BC. The present study aims to provide an association between NEs and the incidence of BC with possible risk factors. A total of 9343 studies were screened; nine studies met all inclusion criteria that were considered for the meta-analysis. The qualitative studies were measured by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale; the observational studies were included with relative risks (RR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). Besides the NEs and BC, the possible risk factors were evaluated. We analyzed data from 129,621 women diagnosed with NEs of which 2080 women were diagnosed with BC and their follow-up year ranges were from 4–24 years. NEs were significantly (p < 0.0001) associated with a higher incidence of BC with RR = 1.59, 95% CI:1.15–2.19, with other high-risk factors including, geographical distribution, emotion types, standard diagnosis of NEs, and follow-up duration. This study suggests that NEs significantly increase the risk for the incidence of BC, which can be supportive of the prognosis of the disease.

10 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper , various systems integrated with different types of nanocarriers (inorganic, quantum dots, and carbon nanotubes) having different compositions, physical and chemical properties have been discussed for drug delivery applications.

5 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The major principles of copper metabolism in cancer cells and its potential in cancer theranostics are summarized.
Abstract: Treatment of drug-resistant forms of cancer requires consideration of their hallmark features, such as abnormal cell death mechanisms or mutations in drug-responding molecular pathways. Malignant cells differ from their normal counterparts in numerous aspects, including copper metabolism. Intracellular copper levels are elevated in various cancer types, and this phenomenon could be employed for the development of novel oncotherapeutic approaches. Copper maintains the cell oxidation levels, regulates the protein activity and metabolism, and is involved in inflammation. Various copper-based compounds, such as nanoparticles or metal-based organic complexes, show specific activity against cancer cells according to preclinical studies. Herein, we summarize the major principles of copper metabolism in cancer cells and its potential in cancer theranostics.

3 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
26 Mar 2022-Polymers
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors developed PPN encapsulated lipid polymer hybrid nanoparticles (PPN-LPHNPs) to overcome the limitation of physicochemical properties such as poor aqueous solubility.
Abstract: Piperine (PPN), one of the most investigated phytochemicals, is known to have excellent therapeutic efficacy against a variety of ailments including breast cancer. However, its physicochemical properties such as poor aqueous solubility restrict its clinical application. Therefore, the present investigation was designed to develop PPN encapsulated lipid polymer hybrid nanoparticles (PPN-LPHNPs) to overcome the limitation. The developed PPN-LPHNPs were optimized by the three-factor, three-level Box–Behnken design (33-BBD). The optimized PPN-LPHNPs were then evaluated for their drug release profile, cytotoxicity assay against MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells, and gastrointestinal stability as well as colloidal stability. In addition, the optimized PPN-LPHNPs were evaluated for ex vivo intestinal permeation and in vivo pharmacokinetic in albino Wistar rats. As per the results, the optimized PPN-LPHNPs showed a small average particles size of <160 nm with a low (<0.3) polydispersity index, and highly positive surface charge (>+20 mV). PPN-LPHNPs revealed excellent gastrointestinal as well as colloidal stability and sustained release profiles up to 24 h. Furthermore, PPN-LPHNPs revealed excellent cytotoxicity against both MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cancer cells compared to the free PPN. Moreover, animal studies revealed that the PPN-LPHNPs exhibited a 6.02- and 4.55-fold higher intestinal permeation and relative oral bioavailability, respectively, in comparison to the conventional PPN suspension. Thus, our developed LPHNPs present a strong potential for improved delivery of PPN.

3 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
30 Aug 2022-Vaccines
TL;DR: This review presents the current breast cancer treatments based on PVNP platforms and indicates that PV NP platforms combined with other tumor immunotherapeutic options and other modalities of oncotherapy can improve tumor efficacy treatment.
Abstract: Breast cancer treatment using plant-virus-based nanoparticles (PVNPs) has achieved considerable success in preclinical studies. PVNP-based breast cancer therapies include non-targeted and targeted nanoplatforms for delivery of anticancer therapeutic chemo and immune agents and cancer vaccines for activation of local and systemic antitumor immunity. Interestingly, PVNP platforms combined with other tumor immunotherapeutic options and other modalities of oncotherapy can improve tumor efficacy treatment. These applications can be achieved by encapsulation of a wide range of active ingredients and conjugating ligands for targeting immune and tumor cells. This review presents the current breast cancer treatments based on PVNP platforms.

3 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The arsenal of nanocarriers and molecules available for selective tumour targeting, and the challenges in cancer treatment are detailed and emphasized.
Abstract: Nanotechnology has the potential to revolutionize cancer diagnosis and therapy. Advances in protein engineering and materials science have contributed to novel nanoscale targeting approaches that may bring new hope to cancer patients. Several therapeutic nanocarriers have been approved for clinical use. However, to date, there are only a few clinically approved nanocarriers that incorporate molecules to selectively bind and target cancer cells. This review examines some of the approved formulations and discusses the challenges in translating basic research to the clinic. We detail the arsenal of nanocarriers and molecules available for selective tumour targeting, and emphasize the challenges in cancer treatment.

7,443 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Lipidic nanoparticles are the first nanomedicine delivery system to make the transition from concept to clinical application, and they are now an established technology platform with considerable clinical acceptance.

3,497 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A detailed overview of the synthesis, properties and applications of nanoparticles exist in different forms NPs are tiny materials having size ranges from 1 to 100nm They can be classified into different classes based on their properties, shapes or sizes.

3,282 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An overview on some of the currently used systems for drug delivery, varying from biological substances like albumin, gelatine and phospholipids for liposomes, and more substances of a chemical nature like various polymers and solid metal containing nanoparticles is provided.
Abstract: The use of nanotechnology in medicine and more specifically drug delivery is set to spread rapidly. Currently many substances are under investigation for drug delivery and more specifically for cancer therapy. Interestingly pharmaceutical sciences are using nanoparticles to reduce toxicity and side effects of drugs and up to recently did not realize that carrier systems themselves may impose risks to the patient. The kind of hazards that are introduced by using nanoparticles for drug delivery are beyond that posed by conventional hazards imposed by chemicals in classical delivery matrices. For nanoparticles the knowledge on particle toxicity as obtained in inhalation toxicity shows the way how to investigate the potential hazards of nanoparticles. The toxicology of particulate matter differs from toxicology of substances as the composing chemical(s) may or may not be soluble in biological matrices, thus influencing greatly the potential exposure of various internal organs. This may vary from a rather high local exposure in the lungs and a low or neglectable exposure for other organ systems after inhalation. However, absorbed species may also influence the potential toxicity of the inhaled particles. For nanoparticles the situation is different as their size opens the potential for crossing the various biological barriers within the body. From a positive viewpoint, especially the potential to cross the blood brain barrier may open new ways for drug delivery into the brain. In addition, the nanosize also allows for access into the cell and various cellular compartments including the nucleus. A multitude of substances are currently under investigation for the preparation of nanoparticles for drug delivery, varying from biological substances like albumin, gelatine and phospholipids for liposomes, and more substances of a chemical nature like various polymers and solid metal containing nanoparticles. It is obvious that the potential interaction with tissues and cells, and the potential toxicity, greatly depends on the actual composition of the nanoparticle formulation. This paper provides an overview on some of the currently used systems for drug delivery. Besides the potential beneficial use also attention is drawn to the questions how we should proceed with the safety evaluation of the nanoparticle formulations for drug delivery. For such testing the lessons learned from particle toxicity as applied in inhalation toxicology may be of use. Although for pharmaceutical use the current requirements seem to be adequate to detect most of the adverse effects of nanoparticle formulations, it can not be expected that all aspects of nanoparticle toxicology will be detected. So, probably additional more specific testing would be needed.

3,140 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The rationales for these studies, the current progress in studies of the interactions of nanomaterials with biological systems, and a perspective on the long-term implications of these findings are provided.
Abstract: An understanding of the interactions between nanoparticles and biological systems is of significant interest. Studies aimed at correlating the properties of nanomaterials such as size, shape, chemical functionality, surface charge, and composition with biomolecular signaling, biological kinetics, transportation, and toxicity in both cell culture and animal experiments are under way. These fundamental studies will provide a foundation for engineering the next generation of nanoscale devices. Here, we provide rationales for these studies, review the current progress in studies of the interactions of nanomaterials with biological systems, and provide a perspective on the long-term implications of these findings.

2,969 citations