Journal ArticleDOI
Targeting gut microbiota in obesity: effects of prebiotics and probiotics
Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
The gut microbiota is a potential nutritional and pharmacological target in the management of obesity and obesity-related disorders and suggests that specific phyla, classes or species of bacteria, or bacterial metabolic activities could be beneficial or detrimental to patients with obesity.Abstract:
At birth, the human colon is rapidly colonized by gut microbes. Owing to their vast number and their capacity to ferment nutrients and secrete bioactive compounds, these gastrointestinal microbes act as an environmental factor that affects the host's physiology and metabolism, particularly in the context of obesity and its related metabolic disorders. Experiments that compared germ-free and colonized mice or analyzed the influence of nutrients that qualitatively change the composition of the gut microbiota (namely prebiotics) showed that gut microbes induce a wide variety of host responses within the intestinal mucosa and thereby control the gut's barrier and endocrine functions. Gut microbes also influence the metabolism of cells in tissues outside of the intestines (in the liver and adipose tissue) and thereby modulate lipid and glucose homeostasis, as well as systemic inflammation, in the host. A number of studies describe characteristic differences between the composition and/or activity of the gut microbiota of lean individuals and those with obesity. Although these data are controversial, they suggest that specific phyla, classes or species of bacteria, or bacterial metabolic activities could be beneficial or detrimental to patients with obesity. The gut microbiota is, therefore, a potential nutritional and pharmacological target in the management of obesity and obesity-related disorders.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Intestinal permeability – a new target for disease prevention and therapy
Stephan C. Bischoff,Giovanni Barbara,Wim A. Buurman,Theo Ockhuizen,Jörg-Dieter Schulzke,Matteo Serino,Herbert Tilg,Alastair J.M. Watson,Jerry M. Wells +8 more
TL;DR: Intestinal permeability, which is a feature of intestinal barrier function, is increasingly recognized as being of relevance for health and disease, and therefore, this topic warrants more attention.
Journal ArticleDOI
The gut microbiota suppresses insulin-mediated fat accumulation via the short-chain fatty acid receptor GPR43
Ikuo Kimura,Kentaro Ozawa,Daisuke Inoue,Takeshi Imamura,Kumi Kimura,Takeshi Maeda,Kazuya Terasawa,Daiji Kashihara,Kanako Hirano,Taeko Tani,Tomoyuki Takahashi,Satoshi Miyauchi,Go Shioi,Hiroshi Inoue,Gozoh Tsujimoto +14 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that G PR43-deficient mice are obese on a normal diet, whereas mice overexpressing GPR43 specifically in adipose tissue remain lean even when fed a high-fat diet.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Impact of Diet and Lifestyle on Gut Microbiota and Human Health
TL;DR: A narrative review explores the relevant contemporary scientific literature to provide a general perspective of the role of diet and other environmental factors in modulating the composition and metabolic activity of the human gut microbiota, which in turn can impact health.
Journal ArticleDOI
Metformin Retards Aging in C. elegans by Altering Microbial Folate and Methionine Metabolism
Filipe Cabreiro,Catherine Au,Kit-Yi Leung,Nuria Vergara-Irigaray,Helena M. Cochemé,Tahereh Noori,David Weinkove,Eugene Schuster,Nicholas D. E. Greene,David Gems +9 more
TL;DR: It is reported that metformin increases lifespan by altering microbial folate and methionine metabolism, consistent with action of this drug as a dietary restriction mimetic.
Journal ArticleDOI
Modulation of gut microbiota during probiotic-mediated attenuation of metabolic syndrome in high fat diet-fed mice
Jingjing Wang,Huang Tang,Chenhong Zhang,Yufeng Zhao,Muriel Derrien,Emilie Rocher,Johan E T van-Hylckama Vlieg,Katherine J. Strissel,Liping Zhao,Martin S. Obin,Jian Shen +10 more
TL;DR: The results suggest that Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium differentially attenuate obesity comorbidities in part through strain-specific impacts on MS-associated phylotypes of gut microbiota in mice.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
An obesity-associated gut microbiome with increased capacity for energy harvest
Peter J. Turnbaugh,Ruth E. Ley,Michael A. Mahowald,Vincent Magrini,Elaine R. Mardis,Jeffrey I. Gordon +5 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated through metagenomic and biochemical analyses that changes in the relative abundance of the Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes affect the metabolic potential of the mouse gut microbiota and indicates that the obese microbiome has an increased capacity to harvest energy from the diet.
Journal Article
The pilot study.
TL;DR: A randomized controlled experiment is designed to test whether access to affordable day care (in the form of subsidies, for example) would incentivize Saudi mothers to search actively for employment and to remain employed once they are hired.
Journal ArticleDOI
A human gut microbial gene catalogue established by metagenomic sequencing
Junjie Qin,Ruiqiang Li,Jeroen Raes,Manimozhiyan Arumugam,Kristoffer Sølvsten Burgdorf,Chaysavanh Manichanh,Trine Nielsen,Nicolas Pons,Florence Levenez,Takuji Yamada,Daniel R. Mende,Junhua Li,Junming Xu,Shaochuan Li,Dongfang Li,Jianjun Cao,Bo Wang,Huiqing Liang,Huisong Zheng,Yinlong Xie,Julien Tap,Patricia Lepage,Marcelo Bertalan,Jean-Michel Batto,Torben Hansen,Denis Le Paslier,Allan Linneberg,H. Bjørn Nielsen,Eric Pelletier,Pierre Renault,Thomas Sicheritz-Pontén,Keith Turner,Hongmei Zhu,Chang Yu,Shengting Li,Min Jian,Yan Zhou,Yingrui Li,Xiuqing Zhang,Songgang Li,Nan Qin,Huanming Yang,Jian Wang,Søren Brunak,Joël Doré,Francisco Guarner,Karsten Kristiansen,Oluf Pedersen,Julian Parkhill,Jean Weissenbach,Peer Bork,S. Dusko Ehrlich,Jun Wang +52 more
TL;DR: The Illumina-based metagenomic sequencing, assembly and characterization of 3.3 million non-redundant microbial genes, derived from 576.7 gigabases of sequence, from faecal samples of 124 European individuals are described, indicating that the entire cohort harbours between 1,000 and 1,150 prevalent bacterial species and each individual at least 160 such species.
Journal ArticleDOI
Microbial ecology: Human gut microbes associated with obesity
TL;DR: It is shown that the relative proportion of Bacteroidetes is decreased in obese people by comparison with lean people, and that this proportion increases with weight loss on two types of low-calorie diet.
Journal ArticleDOI
A core gut microbiome in obese and lean twins
Peter J. Turnbaugh,Micah Hamady,Tanya Yatsunenko,Brandi L. Cantarel,Alexis E. Duncan,Ruth E. Ley,Mitchell L. Sogin,William J. Jones,Bruce A. Roe,Jason P. Affourtit,Michael Egholm,Bernard Henrissat,Andrew C. Heath,Rob Knight,Jeffrey I. Gordon +14 more
TL;DR: The faecal microbial communities of adult female monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs concordant for leanness or obesity, and their mothers are characterized to address how host genotype, environmental exposure and host adiposity influence the gut microbiome.
Related Papers (5)
Microbial ecology: Human gut microbes associated with obesity
Metabolic endotoxemia initiates obesity and insulin resistance
Patrice D. Cani,Jacques Amar,Miguel A. Iglesias,Marjorie Poggi,Claude Knauf,Delphine Bastelica,Audrey M. Neyrinck,Francesca Fava,Kieran Tuohy,Chantal Chabo,Aurélie Waget,Evelyne Delmée,Béatrice Cousin,Thierry Sulpice,Bernard Chamontin,Jean Ferrières,Jean-François Tanti,Glenn R. Gibson,Louis Casteilla,Nathalie M. Delzenne,Marie-Christine Alessi,Rémy Burcelin +21 more