Targeting the TLR4 signaling pathway by polyphenols: A novel therapeutic strategy for neuroinflammation.
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Cites background from "Targeting the TLR4 signaling pathwa..."
...In a study that investigated the 293 effect of quercetin in chronic unpredicted stress (CUS) which induced behavioral dysfunction, 294 oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in mouse hippocampus, the authors showed that 30 mg/kg 295 of quercetin, orally administered, lowered the exprssion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, 296 TNF-α, IL-1β and COX-2) and prevented neural damage [37]....
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...In fact, FRE treatment, at the doses of 50-200 mg/kg, decreased the expressions 257 of the pro-inflammatory markers (NF-κB, iNOS, COX-2, MMP-9, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-6, IL-1β) and 258 reduced the levels of p-JNK, p-ERK and p-p38 members of MAPK pathway [32]....
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...The major flavonoid, Sophoraflavanone G (5-20 µM), reduced the 249 expression of the following genes: iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and iNOS and COX-2 250 protein expression....
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...These results were correlated with the ability of rutin to attenuate STZ induced 319 inflammation through a reduction of the expression of COX-2, glial fibrillary acidic protein 320 (GFAP), IL-8, iNOS and NF-κB [40]....
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...Recently, it has been 454 demonstrated that, in microglial cells, naringenin (5-20 µM) was able to inhibit the release of NO, 455 the expression of iNOS, COX-2, and of pro-inflammatory cytokines by inducing the suppression of 456 cytokine signalling (SOCS)-3 mediated by AMPKα and PKCδ signalling pathways....
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Additional excerpts
...to infection, toxic metabolites, or autoimmunity [122, 123]....
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