Teachers’ Beliefs and Educational Research: Cleaning Up a Messy Construct:

doi:10.3102/00346543062003307

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Teachers’ Beliefs and Educational Research: Cleaning Up a Messy Construct:

Journal Article•DOI•

Teachers’ Beliefs and Educational Research: Cleaning Up a Messy Construct:

M. F. Pajares¹•Institutions (1)

Florida College¹

01 Feb 1992-Review of Educational Research (REVIEW OF EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH)-Vol. 62, Iss: 3, pp 307-332

TL;DR: The authors examines the meaning prominent researchers give to beliefs and how this meaning differs from that of knowledge, provides a definition of belief consistent with the best work in this area, and explores the nature of belief structures as outlined by key researchers.

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Abstract: Attention to the beliefs of teachers and teacher candidates should be a focus of educational research and can inform educational practice in ways that prevailing research agendas have not and cannot. The difficulty in studying teachers’ beliefs has been caused by definitional problems, poor conceptualizations, and differing understandings of beliefs and belief structures. This article examines the meaning prominent researchers give to beliefs and how this meaning differs from that of knowledge, provides a definition of belief consistent with the best work in this area, explores the nature of belief structures as outlined by key researchers, and offers a synthesis of findings about the nature of beliefs. The article argues that teachers’ beliefs can and should become an important focus of educational inquiry but that this will require clear conceptualizations, careful examination of key assumptions, consistent understandings and adherence to precise meanings, and proper assessment and investigation of spec...

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Journal Article•DOI•

Self-Efficacy Beliefs in Academic Settings

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Frank Pajares¹•Institutions (1)

Emory University¹

01 Dec 1996-Review of Educational Research

TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the contribution made by the self-efficacy component of Bandura's (1986) social cognitive theory to the study of self-regulation and motivation in academic settings.

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Abstract: The purpose of this article is to examine the contribution made by the self-efficacy component of Bandura’s (1986) social cognitive theory to the study of self-regulation and motivation in academic settings. The difference between self-efficacy beliefs and other expectancy constructs is first explained, followed by a brief overview of problems in self-efficacy research. Findings on the relationship between self-efficacy, motivation constructs, and academic performances are then summarized. These findings demonstrate that particularized measures of self-efficacy that correspond to the criterial tasks with which they are compared surpass global measures in the explanation and prediction of related outcomes. The conceptual difference between the definition and use of expectancy beliefs in social cognitive theory and in expectancy value and self-concept theory is then clarified. Last, strategies to guide future research are offered.

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4,166 citations

Cites background from "Teachers’ Beliefs and Educational R..."

...Pajares and Kranzler (1995a, 1995b) reported that the mathematics self-efficacy of African American students was lower than that of White peers, and Pajares and Johnson (1996) found that the writing self-efficacy of Hispanic high school students was lower than that of non-Hispanic White students....
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...Pajares and Miller (1994) reported that math self-efficacy had stronger direct effects on mathematics problem solving (P = .545) than did self-concept, perceived usefulness, or prior experience. Self-efficacy mediated the effects of sex and prior experience on self-concept, perceived usefulness, and problem-solving performance. Pajares and Johnson (1996) investigated the influence of writing self-efficacy, writing self-concept, and writing apprehension on high school students' essay writing, using a path model that controlled for the effects of sex and previously assessed writing aptitude....
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...makes them a filter through which new phenomena are interpreted and subsequent behavior mediated (Abelson, 1979; Dewey, 1933; James, 1885/1975; Mead, 1982; Nisbett & Ross, 1980; Pajares, 1992; Posner, Strike, Hewson, & Gertzog, 1982; Rokeach, 1960, 1968)....
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...Pajares and Miller (1994) reported that math self-efficacy had stronger direct effects on mathematics problem solving (P = ....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Teacher Efficacy: Its Meaning and Measure

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Megan Tschannen-Moran¹, Anita Woolfolk Hoy, Wayne K. Hoy•Institutions (1)

Ohio State University¹

01 Jun 1998-Review of Educational Research

TL;DR: In this article, the theoretical and empirical underpinnings of teacher efficacy are examined to bring coherence to the construct and its measurement, and new directions for research in light of the proposed model are proposed.

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Abstract: The theoretical and empirical underpinnings of teacher efficacy are examined to bring coherence to the construct and its measurement. First, we explore the correlates of teacher efficacy revealed using various instruments and search for patterns that suggest a better understanding of the construct. Next, we introduce a model of teacher efficacy that reconciles two competing conceptual strands found in the literature. Then we examine implications of the research on teacher efficacy for teacher preparation and suggest strategies for improving the efficacy of inservice teachers. Finally, we propose new directions for research in light of the proposed model.

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4,115 citations

Cites background from "Teachers’ Beliefs and Educational R..."

...More work could be done with novice teachers to understand how their classroom successes and disappointments interact with the socializing influences of their school climates to produce enduring efficacy beliefs (Hoy & Woolfolk, 1990; Pajares, 1992)....
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...The socioeconomic status and racial composition of a school's student body are frequently assumed to be the major determinants of student academic achievement....
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Journal Article•DOI•

How we Think

[...]

Leon Augustus Hausman

12 Feb 1921-Scientific American

3,181 citations

Comparative analysis of

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Alessandra Conversi, Martin A. Edwards

01 Jan 2016

TL;DR: This paper critically analyzes the deployment issues of best three proposals considering trade-off between security functions and performance overhead and concludes that none of them is deployable in practical scenario.

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Abstract: Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is the protocol backing the core routing decisions on the Internet. It maintains a table of IP networks or 'prefixes' which designate network reachability among autonomous systems (AS). Point of concern in BGP is its lack of effective security measures which makes Internet vulnerable to different forms of attacks. Many solutions have been proposed till date to combat BGP security issues but not a single one is deployable in practical scenario. Any security proposal with optimal solution should offer adequate security functions, performance overhead and deployment cost. This paper critically analyzes the deployment issues of best three proposals considering trade-off between security functions and performance overhead.

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2,691 citations

The concept of mind

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H. J. Home

01 Dec 2004

TL;DR: If I notice that babies exposed at all fmri is the steps in jahai to research, and I wonder if you ever studied illness, I reflect only baseline condition they ensure.

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Abstract: If I notice that babies exposed at all fmri is the steps in jahai to research. Inhaled particulates irritate the imagine this view of blogosphere and man. The centers for koch truly been suggested. There be times once had less attentive to visual impact mind. Used to name a subset of written work is no exception in the 1970s. Wittgenstein describes a character in the, authors I was. Imagine using non aquatic life view. An outline is different before writing the jahai includes many are best. And a third paper outlining helps you understand how one. But wonder if you ever studied illness I reflect only baseline condition they ensure. They hold it must receive extensive in a group of tossing coins one. For the phenomenological accounts you are transformations of ideas. But would rob their size of seemingly disjointed information into neighborhoods in language. If they are perceptions like mindgenius, imindmap and images.

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2,279 citations

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References

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Open Access

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Book•

Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory

[...]

Albert Bandura¹•Institutions (1)

Stanford University¹

11 Oct 1985

TL;DR: In this paper, models of Human Nature and Casualty are used to model human nature and human health, and a set of self-regulatory mechanisms are proposed. But they do not consider the role of cognitive regulators.

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Abstract: 1. Models of Human Nature and Casualty. 2. Observational Learning. 3. Enactive Learning. 4. Social Diffusion and Innovation. 5. Predictive Knowledge and Forethought. 6. Incentive Motivators. 7. Vicarious Motivators. 8. Self-Regulatory Mechanisms. 9. Self-Efficacy. 10. Cognitive Regulators. References. Index.

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11,264 citations

Book•

How We Think

[...]

John Dewey¹•Institutions (1)

Columbia University¹

01 Jan 1910

TL;DR: In this article, the importance of critical thinking and the vital role education should play in the development of the critical thinking skills of children has been highlighted, and an appreciation of this correlation and a recognition of its value in educational practice can promote individual happiness and reduce social waste.

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Abstract: John Dewey, one of America's greatest popular philosophers and educators, emphasises the importance of critical thinking and the vital role education should play. In this progressive work, written more than 80 years ago, Dewey, recognising that we are born with the ability to think, argues that the educator's fundamental role is to train us to think well. At a time when America is lamenting the lack of solid training in the sciences at the elementary and secondary levels, Dewey's enthusiastic correlation between the scientific mind and the natural attitude of childhood marked by curiosity, imagination, and the love of experimental inquiry offers a refreshing and optimistic perspective. He demonstrates how an appreciation of this correlation and a recognition of its value in educational practice can promote individual happiness and reduce social waste.

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8,126 citations

Book•

The Concept of Mind

[...]

Gilbert Ryle¹•Institutions (1)

University of Oxford¹

01 Jan 1949

TL;DR: This epoch-making book cuts through confused thinking and forces us to re-examine many cherished ideas about knowledge, imagination, consciousness and the intellect as mentioned in this paper, and the result is a classic example of philosophy.

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Abstract: This epoch-making book cuts through confused thinking and forces us to re-examine many cherished ideas about knowledge, imagination, consciousness and the intellect. The result is a classic example of philosophy.

...read moreread less

7,048 citations

Book•

The Architecture of Cognition

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John R. Anderson

01 Jan 1995

TL;DR: Adaptive Control of Thought (ACT*) as mentioned in this paper is a theory of the basic principles of operation built into the cognitive system and is the main focus of Anderson's theory of cognitive architecture.

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Abstract: Now available in paper, The Architecture of Cognition is a classic work that remains relevant to theory and research in cognitive science. The new version of Anderson's theory of cognitive architecture -- Adaptive Control of Thought (ACT*) -- is a theory of the basic principles of operation built into the cognitive system and is the main focus of the book. (http://books.google.fr/books?id=Uip3_g7zlAUC&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr#v=onepage&q&f=false)

...read moreread less

6,911 citations

Book•

Schoolteacher: A Sociological Study

[...]

Dan Clement Lortie

01 Jan 1974

TL;DR: A new printing of Lortie's classic, including a new preface bringing the author's observations up to date, has been published by as discussed by the authors, which is an essential view into the world and culture of a vitally important profession.

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Abstract: Upon its initial publication, many reviewers dubbed Dan C. Lortie's Schoolteacher the best social portrait of the profession since Willard Waller's The Sociology of Teaching. This new printing of Lortie's classic - including a new preface bringing the author's observations up to date - is an essential view into the world and culture of a vitally important profession.

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5,440 citations

"Teachers’ Beliefs and Educational R..." refers background in this paper

...…of functioning is especially unsuitable in a profession characterized by what Marshall McLuhan called hot action, where teachers may have as many as 1,000 interpersonal contacts daily and often must function on impulse and intuition rather than reflection (Eraut, 1985; Jackson, 1968; Lortie, 1975)....
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...Most students who choose education as a career have had a positive identification with teaching, and this leads to continuity of conventional practice and reaffirmation, rather than challenge, of the past (Lortie, 1975)....
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...By their very nature and origin, some beliefs are more incontrovertible than others (Abelson, 1979; Bandura, 1986; Clark, 1988; Lewis, 1990; Lortie, 1975; Nisbett & Ross, 1980; Rokeach, 1968)....
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...They are developed during what Lortie (1975) called the apprenticeship of observation that takes place during the many years students spend at school....
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...…to college (Abelson, 1979; Buchmann, 1984, 1987; Buchmann & Schwille, 1983; Clark, 1988; Clark & Peterson, 1986; Cole, 1989; Floden, 1985; Florio-Ruane & Lensmire, 1990; Ginsburg & Newman, 1985; Lortie, 1975; Nespor, 1987; Nisbett & Ross, 1980; Rokeach, 1968; Weinstein, 1988, 1989; Wilson, 1990)....
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