Technical Description of version 4.0 of the Community Land Model (CLM)

doi:10.5065/D6FB50WZ

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Technical Description of version 4.0 of the Community Land Model (CLM)

About: The article was published on 2010-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 1104 citations till now.

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Journal Article•DOI•

The Community Earth System Model: A Framework for Collaborative Research

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James W. Hurrell¹, Marika M. Holland¹, Peter R. Gent¹, Steven J. Ghan², Jennifer E. Kay¹, Paul J. Kushner³, Jean-Francois Lamarque¹, William G. Large¹, David M. Lawrence¹, Keith Lindsay¹, William H. Lipscomb⁴, Matthew C. Long¹, Natalie M. Mahowald⁵, Daniel R. Marsh¹, Richard Neale¹, Philip J. Rasch², S. J. Vavrus⁶, M. Vertenstein⁷, David C. Bader, William D. Collins⁸, James J. Hack⁹, Jeffrey T. Kiehl¹, Shawn J. Marshall¹⁰ - Show less +19 more•Institutions (10)

National Center for Atmospheric Research¹, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory², University of Toronto³, Los Alamos National Laboratory⁴, Cornell University⁵, University of Wisconsin-Madison⁶, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory⁷, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory⁸, Oak Ridge National Laboratory⁹, University of Calgary¹⁰

01 Sep 2013-Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society

TL;DR: The Community Earth System Model (CESM) as discussed by the authors is a community tool used to investigate a diverse set of Earth system interactions across multiple time and space scales, including biogeochemical cycles, a variety of atmospheric chemistry options, the Greenland Ice Sheet, and an atmosphere that extends to the lower thermosphere.

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Abstract: The Community Earth System Model (CESM) is a flexible and extensible community tool used to investigate a diverse set of Earth system interactions across multiple time and space scales. This global coupled model significantly extends its predecessor, the Community Climate System Model, by incorporating new Earth system simulation capabilities. These comprise the ability to simulate biogeochemical cycles, including those of carbon and nitrogen, a variety of atmospheric chemistry options, the Greenland Ice Sheet, and an atmosphere that extends to the lower thermosphere. These and other new model capabilities are enabling investigations into a wide range of pressing scientific questions, providing new foresight into possible future climates and increasing our collective knowledge about the behavior and interactions of the Earth system. Simulations with numerous configurations of the CESM have been provided to phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) and are being analyzed by the broad com...

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2,075 citations

Cites methods from "Technical Description of version 4...."

...The CLM4 (Lawrence et al. 2011; Oleson et al. 2010) is used in both CESM1 and CCSM4....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Parameterization improvements and functional and structural advances in version 4 of the Community Land Model

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David M. Lawrence¹, Keith W. Oleson¹, Mark Flanner², Peter E. Thornton³, Sean Swenson¹, Peter Lawrence¹, Xubin Zeng⁴, Zong-Liang Yang⁵, Samuel Levis¹, Koichi Sakaguchi⁴, Gordon B. Bonan¹, Andrew G. Slater⁶ - Show less +8 more•Institutions (6)

National Center for Atmospheric Research¹, University of Michigan², Oak Ridge National Laboratory³, University of Arizona⁴, University of Texas at Austin⁵, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences⁶

01 Jan 2011-Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems

TL;DR: The Community Land Model (CLM) as discussed by the authors is the land component of the Community Climate System Model (CCSM) and has been extended with a carbon-nitrogen (CN) biogeochemical model that is prognostic with respect to vegetation, litter, and soil carbon and nitrogen states.

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Abstract: [1] The Community Land Model is the land component of the Community Climate System Model. Here, we describe a broad set of model improvements and additions that have been provided through the CLM development community to create CLM4. The model is extended with a carbon-nitrogen (CN) biogeochemical model that is prognostic with respect to vegetation, litter, and soil carbon and nitrogen states and vegetation phenology. An urban canyon model is added and a transient land cover and land use change (LCLUC) capability, including wood harvest, is introduced, enabling study of historic and future LCLUC on energy, water, momentum, carbon, and nitrogen fluxes. The hydrology scheme is modified with a revised numerical solution of the Richards equation and a revised ground evaporation parameterization that accounts for litter and within-canopy stability. The new snow model incorporates the SNow and Ice Aerosol Radiation model (SNICAR) - which includes aerosol deposition, grain-size dependent snow aging, and vertically-resolved snowpack heating – as well as new snow cover and snow burial fraction parameterizations. The thermal and hydrologic properties of organic soil are accounted for and the ground column is extended to ∼50-m depth. Several other minor modifications to the land surface types dataset, grass and crop optical properties, surface layer thickness, roughness length and displacement height, and the disposition of snow-capped runoff are also incorporated. The new model exhibits higher snow cover, cooler soil temperatures in organic-rich soils, greater global river discharge, and lower albedos over forests and grasslands, all of which are improvements compared to CLM3.5. When CLM4 is run with CN, the mean biogeophysical simulation is degraded because the vegetation structure is prognostic rather than prescribed, though running in this mode also allows more complex terrestrial interactions with climate and climate change.

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1,295 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

The Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES), model description – Part 1: Energy and water fluxes

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Martin Best¹, M. Pryor¹, Douglas B. Clark, G. G. Rooney¹, Richard Essery², Cécile B. Ménard², John M. Edwards¹, Margaret Hendry¹, Aurore Porson¹, Nicola Gedney¹, Lina M. Mercado, Stephen Sitch³, Eleanor Blyth, Olivier Boucher¹, Olivier Boucher⁴, Peter M. Cox⁵, C. S. B. Grimmond⁶, Richard Harding - Show less +14 more•Institutions (6)

Met Office¹, University of Edinburgh², University of Leeds³, Pierre-and-Marie-Curie University⁴, University of Exeter⁵, King's College London⁶

01 Sep 2011-Geoscientific Model Development

TL;DR: The Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES) as discussed by the authors is developed from the Met Office Surface Exchange Scheme (MOSES) and can be used as a stand alone land surface model driven by observed forcing data, or coupled to an atmospheric global circulation model.

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Abstract: . This manuscript describes the energy and water components of a new community land surface model called the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES). This is developed from the Met Office Surface Exchange Scheme (MOSES). It can be used as a stand alone land surface model driven by observed forcing data, or coupled to an atmospheric global circulation model. The JULES model has been coupled to the Met Office Unified Model (UM) and as such provides a unique opportunity for the research community to contribute their research to improve both world-leading operational weather forecasting and climate change prediction systems. In addition JULES, and its forerunner MOSES, have been the basis for a number of very high-profile papers concerning the land-surface and climate over the last decade. JULES has a modular structure aligned to physical processes, providing the basis for a flexible modelling platform.

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1,083 citations

Cites methods from "Technical Description of version 4...."

...…and Planton, 1989), the Canadian Land Surface Scheme (CLASS, Verseghy, 1991; Verseghy et al., 1993), the Tiled ECMWF Scheme for Surface Exchanges over Land model (TESSEL,Viterbo and Beljaars, 1995), the NOAH model (Ek et al., 2003) and the Community Land Model (CLM, Oleson et al., 2010)....
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...…have a range in the number of snow layers that are modelled, for instance, CLASS uses one layer (Bartlett et al., 2006) whereas CLM uses up to five (Oleson et al., 2010), whilst ISBA has both an implicit snow layer (Douville et al., 1995) or a three-layer snow model (Boone and Etchevers, 2001)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

The Norwegian Earth System Model, NorESM1-M – Part 1: Description and basic evaluation of the physical climate

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Mats Bentsen¹, Ingo Bethke¹, Jens Boldingh Debernard², Trond Iversen², Trond Iversen³, Trond Iversen⁴, Alf Kirkevåg², Øyvind Seland², Helge Drange⁵, Helge Drange¹, C. Roelandt¹, Ivar A. Seierstad², Corinna Hoose⁶, Corinna Hoose³, Jón Egill Kristjánsson³ - Show less +11 more•Institutions (6)

Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research¹, Norwegian Meteorological Institute², University of Oslo³, European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts⁴, Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen⁵, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology⁶

24 May 2013-Geoscientific Model Development

TL;DR: The core version of the Norwegian Climate Center's Earth System Model, named NorESM1-M, is presented in this paper, where a first-order assessment of the model stability, the mean model state and the internal variability based on the model experiments made available to CMIP5 are presented.

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Abstract: . The core version of the Norwegian Climate Center's Earth System Model, named NorESM1-M, is presented. The NorESM family of models are based on the Community Climate System Model version 4 (CCSM4) of the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, but differs from the latter by, in particular, an isopycnic coordinate ocean model and advanced chemistry–aerosol–cloud–radiation interaction schemes. NorESM1-M has a horizontal resolution of approximately 2° for the atmosphere and land components and 1° for the ocean and ice components. NorESM is also available in a lower resolution version (NorESM1-L) and a version that includes prognostic biogeochemical cycling (NorESM1-ME). The latter two model configurations are not part of this paper. Here, a first-order assessment of the model stability, the mean model state and the internal variability based on the model experiments made available to CMIP5 are presented. Further analysis of the model performance is provided in an accompanying paper (Iversen et al., 2013), presenting the corresponding climate response and scenario projections made with NorESM1-M.

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787 citations

Additional excerpts

...Incorporated in CLM4 is the SNow, ICe, and Aerosol Radiative model (SNICAR; Flanner and Zender, 2006), which enable calculations of radiative effects of snow darkening caused by deposited absorbing aerosols....
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...53.76 66.80d 77.72e Cloud liquid water path (g m−2) 125.3 112.6f Surface sensible heat flux (W m−2) 17.8 19.4h 15.8i 13.2j Surface latent heat flux (W m−2) 81.7 87.9h 84.9k 82.4g 89.1l a CERES2 (Loeb et al., 2005, 2009, 2012);b CERES (Loeb et al., 2005, 2009, 2012),c ERBE (Harrison et al., 1990; Kiehl and Trenberth, 1997),d ISCCP (Rossow and Schiffer, 1999; Rossow and Dueñas, 2004),e CLOUDSAT (L’Ecuyer et al., 2008),f MODIS (Greenwald, 2009; Seethala and Horváth, 2010),g ERA40 (Uppala et al., 2005),h JRA25 (Onogi et al., 2007),i NCEP (Kanamitsu et al., 2002),j LARYA (Large and Yeager, 2004, 2008),k ECMWF (Trenberth et al., 2011),l WHOI (Yu and Weller, 2007; Yu et al., 2008). and sea ice model and the land model CLM4 (see the cldtunorig test in Table 7 of Kirkev̊ag et al., 2013), the cloud fractions for low, medium and high level clouds were calculated as 0.341, 0.187, and 0.318, compared to 0.347, 0.191, and 0.318 from the original CAM4 cloud tuning....
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...As in the standard setup of CLM4 in CCSM4, absorption by organic carbon is not taken into account in NorESM....
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...In the NorESM experiments discussed in this study, the carbon–nitrogen (CN) cycle option of CLM4 is enabled (Thornton et al., 2007; Gent et al., 2011)....
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...The land model in NorESM is the original version 4 of the Community Land Model (CLM4) (Oleson et al., 2010; Lawrence et al., 2011) of CCSM4....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Heihe Watershed Allied Telemetry Experimental Research (HiWATER): Scientific Objectives and Experimental Design

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Xin Li¹, Guodong Cheng¹, Shaomin Liu², Qing Xiao¹, Mingguo Ma¹, Rui Jin¹, Tao Che¹, Qinhuo Liu¹, Weizhen Wang¹, Yuan Qi¹, Jianguang Wen¹, Hongyi Li¹, Gaofeng Zhu¹, Jianwen Guo¹, Youhua Ran¹, Shuoguo Wang¹, Zhongli Zhu², Jian Zhou¹, Xiaoli Hu¹, Ziwei Xu² - Show less +16 more•Institutions (2)

Chinese Academy of Sciences¹, Beijing Normal University²

01 Aug 2013-Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society

TL;DR: In this paper, a program called the Heihe Watershed Allied Telemetry Experimental Research (HiWATER) was implemented to improve the observability of hydrological and ecological processes, to build a world-class watershed observing system, and to enhance the applicability of remote sensing in integrated ecohydrological studies and water resource management at basin scale.

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Abstract: A major research plan entitled “Integrated research on the ecohydrological process of the Heihe River Basin” was launched by the National Natural Science Foundation of China in 2010. One of the key aims of this research plan is to establish a research platform that integrates observation, data management, and model simulation to foster twenty-first-century watershed science in China. Based on the diverse needs of interdisciplinary studies within this research plan, a program called the Heihe Watershed Allied Telemetry Experimental Research (HiWATER) was implemented. The overall objective of HiWATER is to improve the observability of hydrological and ecological processes, to build a world-class watershed observing system, and to enhance the applicability of remote sensing in integrated ecohydrological studies and water resource management at the basin scale. This paper introduces the background, scientific objectives, and experimental design of HiWATER. The instrumental setting and airborne mission plans a...

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Technical Description of version 4.0 of the Community Land Model (CLM)

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