Technological and deployment challenges and user-response to uninterrupted DC (UDC) deployment in Indian homes
07 Jun 2015-pp 38-42
TL;DR: In this paper, a load management innovation to provide a limited but uninterrupted DC power supply to homes in India is presented, which enables addition of solar power directly to the DC power line and use of battery, without any converter.
Abstract: This paper presents a load-management innovation to provide a limited but uninterrupted DC power supply to homes in India. In a typically power deficient situation, load shedding becomes unavoidable. The duration and areas where load is shed are typically cycled. In worst situation, power outages last for a greater part of the day. To enable every home to get at least a limited amount of power 24×7, an innovative approach that combines use of DC power and load management has been proposed and implemented in several hundred homes in various locations. In order to make best use of limited power, a DC power line and energy efficient DC appliances are introduced and installed at homes. The approach also enables addition of solar power directly to the DC power line and use of battery, without any converter; the power-limit on DC line can thus be overcome. The paper describes the rationale, implementation and user feedback of the approach. Further improvements and plan for future are indicated.
Citations
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07 Jun 2015
TL;DR: In this article, an efficient and affordable solar DC solution for powering off-grid homes is presented. But, the proposed solution is not suitable for the use of the generated PV power efficiently.
Abstract: India is a power deficit country and one third of its homes are off grid or near off grid. This paper presents an efficient and affordable Solar DC solution for powering such homes. Though several solutions have emerged in the past for powering these homes, those have been expensive and energy inefficient. These solutions rely on several DC to AC and AC to DC conversions, to feed the widely used AC home loads, thus, wasting a large chunk of the expensive power. The proposed Solar DC solution for off-grid homes (OGH) is developed to use the generated PV power efficiently. With this solution, the panel and battery size is reduced by 2 to 2.5 times and the cost to power a house is reduced to nearly half the cost of the existing solutions. The paper also presents a techno-economic comparison between the proposed OGH solution with some existing solar systems.
43 citations
Cites background from "Technological and deployment challe..."
...This power is directly fed to the DC loads which are far more energy efficient as compared to the conventional AC loads [2]....
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TL;DR: In this article, a study based on an extensive household survey carried out in rural India demonstrates that electricity supply duration is the best predictor for satisfaction with electricity service, and that the duration of electricity supply is correlated with the satisfaction of electricity service.
Abstract: Energy access entails a range of metrics that need to be monitored to guide planning and implementation of electricity provision in developing nations A study based on an extensive household survey carried out in rural India demonstrates that electricity supply duration is the best predictor for satisfaction with electricity service
13 citations
01 Dec 2016
TL;DR: In this article, the sizing of solar PV module and battery storage for a village in India has been done using HOMER software, where the size of the system majorly depends on the solar radiation available in that location, energy usage pattern and the criticality of the load to be met.
Abstract: Nearly 30% of the world's population does not have access to electricity In India, more than 300 million people do not have access to grid power In view of providing reliable electricity to these people, renewable energy solutions with storage are becoming popular In areas were the cost of bringing the conventional grid is high, off-grid solutions are being implemented While designing solar PV systems for rural communities, sizing of the solar PV module and battery storage becomes crucial and plays an important role in determining the overall cost of the project, Levelized Cost Of Energy (LCOE), reliability of supply and battery life Also, using a DC microgrid system reduces the overall losses and energy consumption to meet the same needs In this paper, sizing of solar PV module and battery storage for a village in India has been done using HOMER software The size of the system majorly depends on the solar radiation available in that location, energy usage pattern and the criticality of the load to be met The analysis done shows that the LCOE obtained for the PV-battery system is almost on par with the grid electricity prices The current situation calls for revision of the policies, subsidies and incentives in two years from now
8 citations
Cites background from "Technological and deployment challe..."
...Also, the use of energy efficient DC appliances would bring down the power demand and decrease our electricity bills [3]....
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TL;DR: In this article, a classification learner based supervised ML algorithm is proposed for intentional islanding of DERs based on the live data collected from supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system in post disaster situations.
Abstract: Currently, research work is primarily dependent on the collection of large sets of data from systems and making predictions based on the knowledge obtained from the data, which is generally termed as ‘data mining’. These data mining algorithms are of great importance in improving the performance of different applications. In this regard, Machine Learning (ML) algorithms have been demonstrated to be excellent tools to cope with difficult problems. In this paper, a classification learner based supervised ML algorithm is proposed for intentional islanding of DERs based on the live data collected from supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system in post disaster situations. Literature presents various islanding detection techniques and also intentional islanding algorithms to address different problems in AC networks. These algorithms majorly work based on the control of current source or voltage source inverters. On the other hand, a low voltage DC distribution system allowing the removal of inverter is proposed, which is supposed to be more advantageous by reducing losses and is also economical when working with DERs. In this paper, ML based intentional islanding algorithm for DERs based low voltage DC distribution system is proposed by considering the effects of natural disasters. The learner models trained are fine tree, linear SVM, quadratic SVM and Gaussian SVM. The training of fine tree model is achieved with higher accuracy of 99.8%. The main objective of this work is to achieve a faster and accurate decision making. The performance of the ML based intentional islanding algorithm is compared with the earlier proposed artificial intelligence (AI) based intentional islanding algorithms. The AI algorithms proposed earlier are fuzzy inference systems (FIS), artificial neural networks (ANN) and adaptive network based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). The comparison shows that, the decision making with ML based intentional islanding algorithm is faster and accurate than all other algorithms.
7 citations
04 Mar 2011
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a technology development prospectus for the Indian power sector for the next four decades, where rapid economic growth is projected to increase electricity demand by fivefold to sixfold.
Abstract: Technology Development Prospects for the Indian Power Sector. Paris : IEA, 2011, 88 p. http://www.iea.org/papers/2011/technology_development_india.pdf The Indian power sector will face numerous challenges over the next four decades. More than one third of India’s population currently do not have access to electricity. Urgent action is needed to overcome this problem of energy poverty. At the same time rapid economic growth is projected to increase electricity demand by fivefold to sixfold...
6 citations
References
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07 Jun 2015
TL;DR: In this article, an efficient and affordable solar DC solution for powering off-grid homes is presented. But, the proposed solution is not suitable for the use of the generated PV power efficiently.
Abstract: India is a power deficit country and one third of its homes are off grid or near off grid. This paper presents an efficient and affordable Solar DC solution for powering such homes. Though several solutions have emerged in the past for powering these homes, those have been expensive and energy inefficient. These solutions rely on several DC to AC and AC to DC conversions, to feed the widely used AC home loads, thus, wasting a large chunk of the expensive power. The proposed Solar DC solution for off-grid homes (OGH) is developed to use the generated PV power efficiently. With this solution, the panel and battery size is reduced by 2 to 2.5 times and the cost to power a house is reduced to nearly half the cost of the existing solutions. The paper also presents a techno-economic comparison between the proposed OGH solution with some existing solar systems.
43 citations
"Technological and deployment challe..." refers background in this paper
...The UDPM has been designed to directly add solar-panels and batteries directly on the DC line [5]....
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04 Mar 2011
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a technology development prospectus for the Indian power sector for the next four decades, where rapid economic growth is projected to increase electricity demand by fivefold to sixfold.
Abstract: Technology Development Prospects for the Indian Power Sector. Paris : IEA, 2011, 88 p. http://www.iea.org/papers/2011/technology_development_india.pdf The Indian power sector will face numerous challenges over the next four decades. More than one third of India’s population currently do not have access to electricity. Urgent action is needed to overcome this problem of energy poverty. At the same time rapid economic growth is projected to increase electricity demand by fivefold to sixfold...
6 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed an innovative solution, referred to as UDC, and leverages the fact that many Direct Current (DC) powered appliances are almost twice as energy-efficient as compared to their Alternative Current (AC) counterparts.
Abstract: Several developing nations, particularly India, have severe power shortage during peak-consumption hours, which paralyse daily life. A quick solution would be to generate more power when needed, may be using oil or diesel. However, the cost of doing this is prohibitive and makes electricity unaffordable to large sections of people in many countries. While these nations enhance their power-generation capacity using lower-cost alternatives with a longer gestation period, the paper proposes a quick and viable alternative, which would enable supply of 24 x 7 power today in homes and at the same time, take the nations more rapidly towards closing their supply-demand gap. The solution intervenes both on the demand-side and supply-side to bridge this. It is based on an innovative solution, referred to as UDC, and leverages the fact that many Direct Current (DC) powered appliances are almost twice as energy-efficient as compared to their Alternative Current (AC) counterparts. It creates a demand-pull for customers to switch to energy-efficient DC appliances. At the same time, as a supply-side intervention, it creates a strong demand pull for economic decentralised solar installations at homes.
3 citations
"Technological and deployment challe..." refers background in this paper
...The second problem will be how to ensure that no home draws higher power, bring down the distribution grid [4]....
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16 Jun 2013
TL;DR: In this article, the design and development approach that would make a difference is presented, and the design of a solar-PV system for commercial spaces, domestic sector and agriculture sector.
Abstract: Commercial Spaces, domestic sector and agriculture sector constitute major part of electricity usage in India today and has been growing rapidly. Rolling `power-cuts' have become all too common in rural and urban India, forcing many commercial consumers and households to invest in expensive back-up power sources (diesel generators and/or battery-UPS systems). Utilization of solar-PV in a decentralized manner has the potential of addressing these sectors to a significant extent and help in overcoming India's electricity shortage. The decentralized energy generation and usage however poses new challenges and huge. The paper addresses these issues and presents the design and development approach that would make a difference.
2 citations
"Technological and deployment challe..." refers background in this paper
...Cost of cycling the power through the battery is high [2]....
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