Technological Issues and Industrial Application of Matrix Converters: A Review
TL;DR: This paper presents a review of the current state of the art in terms of practical matrix converter technologies and reports on the reported use of the matrix converters in different applications.
Abstract: This paper presents a review of the current state of the art in terms of practical matrix converter technologies. Present solutions to the numerous technological issues and challenges faced when implementing viable matrix converters are discussed. The reported use of the matrix converters in different applications is also presented together with a review of current industrial applications.
Citations
More filters
18 May 2015
TL;DR: The most successful generator-converter configurations are addressed along with few promising topologies available in the literature from the market based survey, and the past, present and future trends in megawatt WECS are reviewed in terms of mechanical and electrical technologies, integration to power systems, and control theory.
Abstract: This paper presents a comprehensive study on the state-of-the-art and emerging wind energy technologies from the electrical engineering perspective. In an attempt to decrease cost of energy, increase the wind energy conversion efficiency, reliability, power density, and comply with the stringent grid codes, the electric generators and power electronic converters have emerged in a rigorous manner. From the market based survey, the most successful generator-converter configurations are addressed along with few promising topologies available in the literature. The back-to-back connected converters, passive generator-side converters, converters for multiphase generators, and converters without intermediate dc-link are investigated for high-power wind energy conversion systems (WECS), and presented in low and medium voltage category. The onshore and offshore wind farm configurations are analyzed with respect to the series/parallel connection of wind turbine ac/dc output terminals, and high voltage ac/dc transmission. The fault-ride through compliance methods used in the induction and synchronous generator based WECS are also discussed. The past, present and future trends in megawatt WECS are reviewed in terms of mechanical and electrical technologies, integration to power systems, and control theory. The important survey results, and technical merits and demerits of various WECS electrical systems are summarized by tables. The list of current and future wind turbines are also provided along with technical details.
694 citations
Cites background from "Technological Issues and Industrial..."
...The summary of comparison between the voltage source converters and matrix converters is given in Table 7 for MV operation of wind turbines [202]–[204]....
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TL;DR: The development of MMC circuit topologies and their mathematical models over the years are presented and the evolution and technical challenges of the classical and model predictive control methods are discussed.
Abstract: Modular multilevel converter (MMC) is one of the most promising topologies for medium to high-voltage high-power applications. The main features of MMC are modularity, voltage and power scalability, fault tolerant and transformer-less operation, and high-quality output waveforms. Over the past few years, several research studies are conducted to address the technical challenges associated with the operation and control of the MMC. This paper presents the development of MMC circuit topologies and their mathematical models over the years. Also, the evolution and technical challenges of the classical and model predictive control methods are discussed. Finally, the MMC applications and their future trends are presented.
404 citations
Cites background from "Technological Issues and Industrial..."
...THE high-power voltage source converters (VSCs) have higher market penetration and more evident developments compared with the current source and the matrix converters [1]–[5]....
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors take the stock, at both the signal and power levels, of the evolution of actuation for safety-critical applications in aerospace, focusing on the recent advances and the remaining challenges to be taken toward full electrical actuators for commercial and military aircraft, helicopters, and launchers.
92 citations
TL;DR: This work presents a new control scheme based on a finite states Model Predictive Control aimed to fix the switching frequency and to reduce the spectrum dispersion on the output variables of pulse width modulation (PWM) static converters.
Abstract: This work presents a new control scheme based on a finite states Model Predictive Control aimed to fix the switching frequency and to reduce the spectrum dispersion on the output variables of pulse width modulation (PWM) static converters. These topics are particularly important in the operation of power converters where passive filters present resonant modes and in the switching losses reduction. Contrary to standard model predictive control algorithms, the proposed scheme allows for obtaining time-continuous outputs from the optimization process. Thus, the advantages of modulated schemes, like a defined spectrum and fixed switching frequency, are inherited. The tradeoff is a slight reduction on the dynamic response, in comparison with previous schemes using direct non-modulated outputs. Simulated and experimental results show the proper performance of the proposed scheme.
85 citations
Cites background from "Technological Issues and Industrial..."
...The aforementioned problems are unwanted in applications where switching losses are of concern [11]–[16] or in equipments that require passive filters [17]–[22]....
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TL;DR: The objective of this paper is to help develop this promising control approach by introducing new elements to improve its performance by improving the efficiency of the converter and achieving a common-mode voltage mitigation of 50%, compared to the basic control method.
Abstract: Predictive control represents an optimization-oriented alternative for the control of power converters and drives. Predictive torque control of induction machines has been shown to achieve excellent initial results. The objective of this paper is to help develop this promising control approach by introducing new elements to improve its performance. The resulting algorithm improves the efficiency of the converter from $\hbox{91.1}\%$ to $\hbox{92.6}\%$ and achieves a common-mode voltage mitigation of $\hbox{50}\%$ , compared to the basic control method. A tradeoff is observed in the power quality. The algorithm gives the designer the ability to select the best operating point for each particular application and to optimize the converter’s performance. Experimental results are presented to validate the proposals.
80 citations
References
More filters
TL;DR: The state-of-the-art view in the development of this matrix converter is presented, starting with a brief historical review and an important part of the paper is dedicated to a discussion of the most important modulation and control strategies developed recently.
Abstract: The matrix converter is an array of controlled semiconductor switches that connects directly the three-phase source to the three-phase load. This converter has several attractive features that have been investigated in the last two decades. In the last few years, an increase in research work has been observed, bringing this topology closer to the industrial application. This paper presents the state-of-the-art view in the development of this converter, starting with a brief historical review. An important part of the paper is dedicated to a discussion of the most important modulation and control strategies developed recently. Special attention is given to present modern methods developed to solve the commutation problem. Some new arrays of power bidirectional switches integrated in a single module are also presented. Finally, this paper includes some practical issues related to the practical application of this technology, like overvoltage protection, use of filters and ride-through capability.
1,879 citations
"Technological Issues and Industrial..." refers background in this paper
...A detailed review of the characteristics of the matrix converter is described in [12]....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the maximum input-output transformer ratio, or output voltage ability, of direct AC-AC pulsewidth-modulated converters is explored and an intrinsic limit, independent of the control algorithm, is found.
Abstract: The maximum input-output transformer ratio, or output voltage ability, of direct AC-AC pulse-width-modulated converters is explored. An intrinsic limit, independent of the control algorithm, is found. A suitable novel converter control algorithm is discussed which achieves such maximum output amplitude ability and displays some interesting features. Finally, the opportunity to implement AC-AC converter control with the use of feedback techniques is considered, and a feedback-based control algorithm for the converter is proposed. >
885 citations
"Technological Issues and Industrial..." refers background in this paper
...In [4], both the input current and the output voltage are taken into account, and all three available input voltages are used in the modulation of the converter....
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TL;DR: Using this approach, it can be verified that the space-vector modulation technique, owing to the intrinsic two degrees of freedom, represents the general solution of the modulation problem of matrix converters.
Abstract: In this paper, a novel representation of the switch state of a three-phase to three-phase matrix converter is presented. This approach, based on space-vector notation, simplifies the study of the modulation strategies, leading to a complete general solution of the problem and providing a very useful unitary point of view. The already established strategies can be considered as particular cases of the proposed general solution. Using this approach, it can be verified that the space-vector modulation technique, owing to the intrinsic two degrees of freedom, represents the general solution of the modulation problem of matrix converters. This technique can be considered the best solution for the possibility to achieve the highest voltage transfer ratio and to optimize the switching pattern through a suitable use of the zero configurations.
579 citations
"Technological Issues and Industrial..." refers methods in this paper
...The space vector modulation (SVM) technique described in [5] and [6] has also been successfully applied to matrix converters....
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Book•
01 Jan 1976
307 citations
"Technological Issues and Industrial..." refers methods in this paper
...REFERENCES [1] L. Gyugi and B. Pelly, Static Power Frequency Changers: Theory, Performance and Applications....
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...The matrix converter first appeared in the literature in a book by Gyugi and Pelly [1] in 1976 and in a journal publication by Daniels and Slattery [2] in 1978 (submitted for publication in 1976), and these both presented the direct ac–ac power circuit concept....
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01 Oct 1989
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a radical solution for the commutation problem of four-quadrant switches where separated internal conduction paths exist in two possible directions of the load current.
Abstract: A radical solution for the commutation problem of four is proposed. The solution concerns four-quadrant switches where separated internal conduction paths exist in the two possible directions of the load current. It is shown that the switching of these conduction paths must not be simultaneous but has to take place in the well-defined four-stepped switching order. The actual switching policy depends on the direction of the commutated current. The description deals mainly with the switching policy for two four-quadrant switches. Some hints for the extension of the switching policy for general polyphase matrix converter schemes are also given. >
282 citations
"Technological Issues and Industrial..." refers background in this paper
...The fact that there is only one controllable device per switch also means that advanced commutation techniques which remove the need for snubbers cannot be used such as those described in [3] and [26]....
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