scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Journal ArticleDOI

Teenage drivers: patterns of risk.

30 Jan 2003-Journal of Safety Research (J Safety Res)-Vol. 34, Iss: 1, pp 5-15
TL;DR: Patterns of risk among teenage drivers form the basis for graduated licensing systems, which are designed to promote low-risk and discourage high-risk driving.
About: This article is published in Journal of Safety Research.The article was published on 2003-01-30. It has received 725 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Graduated driver licensing & Risk assessment.
Citations
More filters
Book
01 Mar 2004
TL;DR: This paper is a synopsis of a major report by the WHO which collates information on crashes worldwide and summarises the key findings and the recommendations of the report.
Abstract: This paper is a synopsis of a major report by the WHO which collates information on crashes worldwide. It summarises the key findings and the recommendations of the report. The central theme of the Report is the burden of road traffic injuries and the urgent need for governments and other key players to increase and sustain action to prevent road traffic injuries. The specific objectives are: to describe the burden, intensity, pattern and impacts of road traffic injuries at global, regional and national levels; to examine the key determinants and risk factors; to discuss interventions and strategies that can be employed to address the problem; and to make recommendations for action at local, national and international levels. Key findings include: road traffic injuries are a huge public health and development problem predicted to worsen if appropriate action is not taken; the majority of road traffic injuries occur in low- and middle-income countries; road safety should be addressed using a "systems approach;" road safety is a shared responsibility and public health has a key role to play; and road traffic injuries can be prevented. The Report concludes by offering six recommendations: identify a lead agency in government to guide the national road traffic safety effort; assess the problem, policies and institutional settings; prepare a national road safety strategy and plan of action; allocate financial and human resources to address the problem; implement specific actions to prevent road traffic crashes, minimize injuries and their consequences, and evaluate the impact of these actions; and support the development of national capacity and international co-operation.

2,691 citations


Cites background from "Teenage drivers: patterns of risk."

  • ...Studies in developed countries indicate that the risks were particularly high during the 12 months after a full licence had been issued (76)....

    [...]

  • ...hospitals were located – as well as to police departments and the mass media (109, 76)....

    [...]

  • ...The risk for young drivers increases exponentially as the number of passengers increases (76)....

    [...]

  • ...While the nighttime risks are greater for the youngest drivers, it is among drivers aged 20–44 years that the ratio of night-time driving risk to daytime risk is greatest – by a factor of four (76)....

    [...]

  • ...This caused only minor changes in ranking among the top five leading causes of injury (76)....

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Age differences in sensation seeking and impulsivity in a socioeconomically and ethnically diverse sample of 935 individuals between the ages of 10 and 30 are examined, showing a curvilinear pattern and suggesting Heightened vulnerability to risk taking in middle adolescence may be due to the combination of relatively higher inclinations to seek excitement and relatively immature capacities for self-control.
Abstract: It has been hypothesized that sensation seeking and impulsivity, which are often conflated, in fact develop along different timetables and have different neural underpinnings, and that the difference in their timetables helps account for heightened risk taking during adolescence. In order to test these propositions, the authors examined age differences in sensation seeking and impulsivity in a socioeconomically and ethnically diverse sample of 935 individuals between the ages of 10 and 30, using self-report and behavioral measures of each construct. Consistent with the authors' predictions, age differences in sensation seeking, which are linked to pubertal maturation, follow a curvilinear pattern, with sensation seeking increasing between 10 and 15 and declining or remaining stable thereafter. In contrast, age differences in impulsivity, which are unrelated to puberty, follow a linear pattern, with impulsivity declining steadily from age 10 on. Heightened vulnerability to risk taking in middle adolescence may be due to the combination of relatively higher inclinations to seek excitement and relatively immature capacities for self-control that are typical of this period of development.

1,275 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The risk of a crash or near-crash among novice drivers increased with the performance of many secondary tasks, including texting and dialing cell phones, and among experienced drivers, the prevalence of high-risk attention to secondary tasks increased over time.
Abstract: BackgroundDistracted driving attributable to the performance of secondary tasks is a major cause of motor vehicle crashes both among teenagers who are novice drivers and among adults who are experienced drivers MethodsWe conducted two studies on the relationship between the performance of secondary tasks, including cell-phone use, and the risk of crashes and near-crashes To facilitate objective assessment, accelerometers, cameras, global positioning systems, and other sensors were installed in the vehicles of 42 newly licensed drivers (163 to 170 years of age) and 109 adults with more driving experience ResultsDuring the study periods, 167 crashes and near-crashes among novice drivers and 518 crashes and near-crashes among experienced drivers were identified The risk of a crash or near-crash among novice drivers increased significantly if they were dialing a cell phone (odds ratio, 832; 95% confidence interval [CI], 283 to 2442), reaching for a cell phone (odds ratio, 705; 95% CI, 264 to 1883)

619 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The present findings support the effect of driving experience in modifying eye movement strategies and argue that the use of driving simulators can provide valuable insights regarding driving safety.

354 citations


Cites background from "Teenage drivers: patterns of risk."

  • ...In regards to driving in rainy conditions it has been hown that there is an increased risk of a crash in wet rather than ry weather (Brodsky and Hakkert, 1988) and in a recent metanalysis it was found that crash rates in rain are increased up to 1% (Qiu and Nixon, 2008)....

    [...]

  • ...Moreover it has been shown that the risk of a fatal crash is increased up to four times when driving at night compared to daytime (Williams, 2003)....

    [...]

  • ...DIs were able to move their locus f attention quicker than LDs independently of the visibility condiion....

    [...]

  • ...…with a global nnual loss of around 400,000 people aged under 25 (WHO, 2007). n relation to night driving it has been found that young novice rivers are at proportionally higher risk (Clarke et al., 2006), with oung drivers having up to three times more crashes at night than aytime (Williams, 2003)....

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The findings lend support to delaying licensure among teenagers in the United States, where licensure commonly is allowed at age 16, and to graduated licensing systems that phase in unsupervised driving during high-risk situations as teenagers gain independent driving experience.

263 citations


Cites background from "Teenage drivers: patterns of risk."

  • ...Research has shown consistently that young drivers are overrepresented in collisions, even when the amount of driving is taken into consideration (Mayhew et al. 2003; Williams 1996, 2003)....

    [...]

References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It was found that crash rates drop most dramatically during the first 6 months of driving, and a graduated driver licensing system is identified as an effective method for ensuring that this development takes place in a more forgiving environment.

598 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
22 Mar 2000-JAMA
TL;DR: The data indicate that the risk of fatal injury for a 16- or 17-year-old driver increases with the number of passengers, which supports inclusion of restrictions on carrying passengers in graduated licensing systems for young drivers.
Abstract: ContextInjuries from motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death among teenagers. Carrying passengers has been identified as a possible risk factor for these crashes.ObjectiveTo determine whether the presence of passengers is associated with an increased risk of crashes fatal to 16- and 17-year-old drivers and whether the risk varies by time of day and age and sex of drivers and passengers.Design and SettingIncidence study of data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System and General Estimates System (1992-1997), as well as the Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey (1995).SubjectsDrivers aged 16 and 17 years who drove passenger cars, vans, or pickup trucks.Main Outcome MeasureDriver deaths per 10 million trips by number of passengers, driver age and sex, and time of day; and driver deaths per 1000 crashes by passenger age and sex.ResultsCompared with drivers of the same age without passengers, the relative risk of death per 10 million trips was 1.39 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.24-1.55) for 16-year-old drivers with 1 passenger, 1.86 (95% CI, 1.56-2.20) for those with 2 passengers, and 2.82 (95% CI, 2.27-3.50) for those with 3 or more passengers. The relative risk of death was 1.48 (95% CI, 1.35-1.62) for 17-year-old drivers with 1 passenger, 2.58 (95% CI, 2.24-2.95) for those with 2 passengers, and 3.07 (95% CI, 2.50-3.77) for those with 3 or more passengers. The risk of death increased significantly for drivers transporting passengers irrespective of the time of day or sex of the driver, although male drivers were at greater risk. Driver deaths per 1000 crashes increased for 16- and 17-year-olds transporting male passengers or passengers younger than 30 years.ConclusionOur data indicate that the risk of fatal injury for a 16- or 17-year-old driver increases with the number of passengers. This result supports inclusion of restrictions on carrying passengers in graduated licensing systems for young drivers.

524 citations


"Teenage drivers: patterns of risk." refers background in this paper

  • ...For example, in a study based on driver death rates, the presence of one male passenger almost doubled the death rate for both male and female drivers; two or more male passengers more than doubled it (Chen et al., 2000)....

    [...]

  • ...In one study, driver death rates from 10 p.m. to 6 a.m. were 1.74 times higher with passengers present than without passengers; during the day the rates were 1.77 times higher (Chen et al., 2000)....

    [...]

  • ...However, there is increased risk for young drivers with passengers in studies based on involvement in crashes, including property damage crashes, or deaths to drivers per million trips by number of passengers (Chen et al., 2000; Doherty et al., 1998)....

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This is the first study that systematically estimated relative risk for drink-drivers with BACs between 0.08% and 0.10% (these relative risk estimates apply to BAC range midpoints at 0.09%.) the results clearly show that drivers with a BAC under 0.
Abstract: Objective: To re-examine and refine estimates for alcohol-related relative risk of driver involvement in fatal crashes by age and gender as a function of blood alcohol concentration (BAC) using recent data. Method: Logistic regression was used to estimate age/gender specific relative risk of fatal crash involvement as a function of the BAC for drivers involved in a fatal crash and for drivers fatally injured in a crash, by combining crash data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System with exposure data from the 1996 National Roadside Survey of Drivers. Results: In general, the relative risk of involvement in a fatal vehicle crash increased steadily with increasing driver BAC in every age/gender group among both fatally injured and surviving drivers. Among 16-20 year old male drivers, a BAC increase of 0.02% was estimated to more than double the relative risk of fatal single-vehicle crash injury. At the midpoint of the 0.08% - 0.10% BAC range, the relative risk of a fatal single-vehicle crash injury var...

448 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Self-reported crash involvements and citations were examined for each teenager's first year of licensure and first 3500 miles driven to find male gender, a lower GPA and living in a rural area were associated with a higher citation rate.

360 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results indicate that the accident involvement rates of 16-19 year old drivers are higher than those of 20-24 and 25-59 year olds in all situations that were examined, but that they were disproportionately high on weekends, at nighttime and with passengers.

319 citations


"Teenage drivers: patterns of risk." refers background in this paper

  • ...However, there is increased risk for young drivers with passengers in studies based on involvement in crashes, including property damage crashes, or deaths to drivers per million trips by number of passengers (Chen et al., 2000; Doherty et al., 1998)....

    [...]