Journal ArticleDOI
Tele-connecting local consumption to global land use
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In this article, a global multiregional input-output model with sectoral detail allows for the accounting of land use attributed to "unusual" sectors, including services, machinery and equipment, and construction.Abstract:
Globalization increases the interconnectedness of people and places around the world. In a connected world, goods and services consumed in one country are often produced in other countries and exchanged via international trade. Thus, local consumption is increasingly met by global supply chains oftentimes involving large geographical distances and leading to global environmental change. In this study, we connect local consumption to global land use through tracking global commodity and value chains via international trade flows. Using a global multiregional input–output model with sectoral detail allows for the accounting of land use attributed to “unusual” sectors – from a land use perspective – including services, machinery and equipment, and construction. Our results show how developed countries consume a large amount of goods and services from both domestic and international markets, and thus impose pressure not only on their domestic land resources, but also displace land in other countries, thus displacing other uses. For example, 33% of total U.S. land use for consumption purposes is displaced from other countries. This ratio becomes much larger for the EU (more than 50%) and Japan (92%). Our analysis shows that 47% of Brazilian and 88% of Argentinean cropland is used for consumption purposes outside of their territories, mainly in EU countries and China. In addition, consumers in rich countries tend to displace land by consuming non-agricultural products, such as services, clothing and household appliances, which account for more than 50% of their total land displacement. By contrast, for developing economies, such as African countries, the share of land use for non-agricultural products is much lower, with an average of 7%. The emerging economies and population giants, China and India, are likely to further increase their appetite for land from other countries, such as Africa, Russia and Latin America, to satisfy their own land needs driven by their fast economic growth and the needs and lifestyles of their growing populations.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
The material footprint of nations.
Thomas Wiedmann,Thomas Wiedmann,Thomas Wiedmann,Heinz Schandl,Manfred Lenzen,Daniel Moran,Sangwon Suh,James West,Keiichiro Kanemoto +8 more
TL;DR: The most comprehensive and most highly resolved economic input–output framework of the world economy together with a detailed database of global material flows are used to calculate the full material requirements of all countries covering a period of two decades and demonstrate that countries’ use of nondomestic resources is about threefold larger than the physical quantity of traded goods.
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Environmental and social footprints of international trade
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a synthesis of studies on the geospatial separation of consumption and production, and suggest that indicators of environmental and social footprints of international trade must inform assessments of progress towards the UN Sustainable Development Goals.
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Mapping ecosystem services demand: A review of current research and future perspectives
TL;DR: In this article, the authors review the current conceptual understanding of ecosystem services demand, indicators to measure demand and the approaches used to quantify and map demand and identify four distinct "demand types" which relate to different ecosystem service categories.
Journal ArticleDOI
Land system science and sustainable development of the earth system: A global land project perspective
Peter H. Verburg,Neville D. Crossman,Erle C. Ellis,Andreas Heinimann,Patrick Hostert,Ole Mertz,Harini Nagendra,Thomas Sikor,Karl-Heinz Erb,Nancy Golubiewski,Ricardo Grau,J. Morgan Grove,Souleymane Konaté,Patrick Meyfroidt,Dawn C. Parker,Rinku Roy Chowdhury,Hideaki Shibata,Allison M. Thomson,Lin Zhen +18 more
TL;DR: The Global Land Project has led advances by synthesizing land systems research across different scales and providing concepts to further understand the feedbacks between social and environmental systems, between urban and rural environments and between distant world regions as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
A review of trends and drivers of greenhouse gas emissions by sector from 1990 to 2018
William F. Lamb,Thomas Wiedmann,Julia Pongratz,Robbie M. Andrew,Monica Crippa,J. G. J. Olivier,Dominik Wiedenhofer,Giulio Mattioli,Alaa Al Khourdajie,Joanna Isobel House,Shonali Pachauri,Maria J. Figueroa,Yamina Saheb,Raphael Slade,Klaus Hubacek,Laixiang Sun,Suzana Kahn Ribeiro,Smail Khennas,Stephane de la Rue du Can,Lazarus Chapungu,Steven J. Davis,Igor Bashmakov,Hancheng Dai,Shobhakar Dhakal,Xianchun Tan,Yong Geng,Baihe Gu,Jan C. Minx +27 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present estimates of greenhouse gas emissions trends by sector from 1990 to 2018, describing the major sources of emissions growth, stability and decline across ten global regions.
References
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