Tensile properties of fibre-reinforced metals: Copper/tungsten and copper/molybdenum
TL;DR: In this paper, the breaking strength of tungsten or molybdenum wires, uniaxially aligned in a copper matrix, was found to be a linear function of the wire content.
Abstract: T ensile tests at a variety of temperatures have been carried out on composites consisting of tungsten or molybdenum wires, uniaxially aligned in a copper matrix. Both continuous and discontinuous wires have been used, and both brittle and ductile tungsten wires. It is found that the breaking strength is a linear function of the wire content. A simple theory to explain this is developed and auxiliary experiments to check the theory are described. Some simple predictions about the behaviour of fibre reinforced metals are made from the results.
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TL;DR: In this article, a review of the progress to date in the field of mechanical reinforcement of polymers using nanotubes is presented, and the most promising processing methods for mechanical reinforcement are discussed.
3,770 citations
Cites background from "Tensile properties of fibre-reinfor..."
...where rf is the fibre strength, D and Di are the fibre external and internal diameters, respectively [43]....
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TL;DR: A review of the progress in the area of mechanical reinforcement of polymers using carbon nanotubes can be found in this paper, where the main methods described in the literature to produce and process polymer-nanotube composites are considered and analyzed.
Abstract: Owing to their unique mechanical properties, carbon nanotubes are considered to be ideal candidates for polymer reinforcement. However, a large amount of work must be done in order to realize their full potential. Effective processing of nanotubes and polymers to fabricate new ultra-strong composite materials is still a great challenge. This Review explores the progress that has already been made in the area of mechanical reinforcement of polymers using carbon nanotubes. First, the mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes and the system requirements to maximize reinforcement are discussed. Then, main methods described in the literature to produce and process polymer–nanotube composites are considered and analyzed. After that, mechanical properties of various nanotube–polymer composites prepared by different techniques are critically analyzed and compared. Finally, remaining problems, the achievements so far, and the research that needs to be done in the future are discussed.
1,557 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors report the observation of single nanotube fragmentation, under tensile stresses, using nanotubes-containing thin polymeric films, and they estimate that the multi-wall multi-nanotube-matrix stress transfer efficiency is at least one order of magnitude larger than in conventional fiber-based composites.
Abstract: We report the observation of single nanotube fragmentation, under tensile stresses, using nanotube-containing thin polymeric films. Similar fragmentation tests with single fibers instead of nanotubes are routinely performed to study the fiber-matrix stress transfer ability in fiber composite materials, and thus the efficiency and quality of composite interfaces. The multiwall nanotube-matrix stress transfer efficiency is estimated to be at least one order of magnitude larger than in conventional fiber-based composites.
897 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on the recent development in the synthesis, property characterization and application of aluminum, magnesium, and transition metal-based composites reinforced with carbon nanotubes and graphene nanosheets.
Abstract: One-dimensional carbon nanotubes and two-dimensional graphene nanosheets with unique electrical, mechanical and thermal properties are attractive reinforcements for fabricating light weight, high strength and high performance metal-matrix composites. Rapid advances of nanotechnology in recent years enable the development of advanced metal matrix nanocomposites for structural engineering and functional device applications. This review focuses on the recent development in the synthesis, property characterization and application of aluminum, magnesium, and transition metal-based composites reinforced with carbon nanotubes and graphene nanosheets. These include processing strategies of carbonaceous nanomaterials and their composites, mechanical and tribological responses, corrosion, electrical and thermal properties as well as hydrogen storage and electrocatalytic behaviors. The effects of nanomaterial dispersion in the metal matrix and the formation of interfacial precipitates on these properties are also addressed. Particular attention is paid to the fundamentals and the structure–property relationships of such novel nanocomposites.
877 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, single-fiber composites were fabricated to examine the influence of local nanotube reinforcement on load transfer at the fiber/matrix interface, and the results indicated that the nanocomposite reinforcement improves interfacial load transfer.
Abstract: Carbon nanotubes were grown directly on carbon fibers using chemical vapor deposition. When embedded in a polymer matrix, the change in length scale of carbon nanotubes relative to carbon fibers results in a multiscale composite, where individual carbon fibers are surrounded by a sheath of nanocomposite reinforcement. Single-fiber composites were fabricated to examine the influence of local nanotube reinforcement on load transfer at the fiber/matrix interface. Results of the single-fiber composite tests indicate that the nanocomposite reinforcement improves interfacial load transfer. Selective reinforcement by nanotubes at the fiber/matrix interface likely results in local stiffening of the polymer matrix near the fiber/matrix interface, thus, improving load transfer.
826 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, true stress, true strain data are presented for 99.999 per cent copper wire specimens tested over the range 20° to 1223°K (0.015 to 0.905 T Tm ).
216 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a two-dimensional photoelastic model was used to confirm the existence of high shear stresses near the fiber ends, which peak to values greater than those predicted by theory.
Abstract: Theories predicting the magnitudes of shear stresses at the surface of a fibre embedded in an elastic matrix under load are available in the literature. A two-dimensional photoelastic model confirms the existence of high shear stresses near the fibre ends, which peak to values greater than those predicted by theory. The significance of this to fibre reinforced composites is discussed.
153 citations