Terminal solid solubilities at 1313 K in the system calcium oxide-nickel oxide using a solid state galvanic cell
01 Apr 1988-Journal of Materials Science Letters (Kluwer Academic Publishers)-Vol. 7, Iss: 4, pp 402-404
About: This article is published in Journal of Materials Science Letters.The article was published on 1988-04-01. It has received 4 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Nickel oxide & Calcium oxide.
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TL;DR: The use of solid electrolytes for the measurement of the thermodynamic properties of materials is reviewed in this article, where a concise history of the development of galvanic cell techniques is presented, and their advantages and the essential criteria for the satisfactory application of the method are discussed.
Abstract: The use of solid electrolytes for the measurement of the thermodynamic properties of materials is reviewed. A concise history of the development of solid electrolyte galvanic cell techniques is presented, and their advantages and the essential criteria for the satisfactory application of the method are discussed. The principal electrolytes in contemporary use and investigations for which they have been employed are surveyed. Special variations of the cell technique used in thermodynamic and phase equilibria studies are described. A bibliographic review of major investigations up until 1988 is included.
82 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a combination of thermodynamic modeling and experimental studies is used to characterize NiO-containing oxide systems at high temperature of interest to nickel pyrometallurgical processes.
Abstract: A combination of thermodynamic modeling and experimental studies is used to characterize NiO-containing oxide systems at high temperature of interest to nickel pyrometallurgical processes. This is part of an on-going research project to develop a self-consistent multi-component thermodynamic database. A literature review and critical assessment of the previously published thermodynamic and phase equilibrium data on the NiO-containing binary systems CaO–NiO, MgO–NiO and NiO–SiO2 at a total pressure of 1 atm have been performed using thermodynamic modeling. Considerable discrepancies among previously available experimental data have been found for the CaO–NiO and MgO–NiO systems. To resolve the contradictions in the literature data, a new experimental investigation has been carried out using an equilibration and quenching technique followed by electron probe X-ray microanalysis (EPMA). The CaO–NiO phase diagram in air has been measured from 1200 to 1600 °C. The equilibrium between the MgO–NiO solid solution, metal alloy and gas phase has been studied over the temperature range from 1000 to 1300 °C, which enabled the activity of NiO to be calculated. The whole set of experimental data, including the new experimental results and previously published data, has been taken into consideration in thermodynamic modeling of oxide phases in the CaO–NiO, MgO–NiO and NiO–SiO2 systems at a total pressure of 1 atm. The Modified Quasichemical Model has been used for modeling of the liquid phase. A simple random mixing model with a polynomial expansion of the excess Gibbs energy has been used for the monoxide solid solution. The optimized model parameters reproduce all available thermodynamic and phase diagram data within experimental error limits.
15 citations
01 Oct 2013
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed a self-consistent thermodynamic database for simulation of nickel extraction from laterite ores, where chemical systems relevant to laterite ore processing were experimentally investigated and thermodynamically optimized.
Abstract: An extensive collaborative research program was focused on the development of a self-consistent thermodynamic database for simulation of nickel extraction from laterite ores. Chemical systems relevant to laterite ore processing were experimentally investigated and thermodynamically optimized. In general, laterite ore deposits consist of heterogeneous mixtures of hydrated iron oxides and hydrous magnesium silicates. The basis of the laterite ore is olivine (Fe,Mg)2SiO4, which often contains small amounts of nickel due to the proximity of ionic radii of Fe, Mg and Ni. Existing technologies that currently produce nickel worldwide utilize only about half of the nickel laterite deposits; other sources are not utilized due to complex mineralogy. For creation of cost-effective, environmentally-friendly and energy-efficient processes of Ni recovery from laterite ores, it is important to be able to perform reliable calculations of phase equilibria in the Al–Ca–Cr–Fe–Mg–Ni–O–Si system, where Fe, Al2O3, MgO, NiO and SiO2 are the major components of slags and oxide phases in nickel pyrometallurgy. The current research program met this challenge. It was aimed to develop a thermodynamic database for NiO-containing oxide systems in the Al2O3–CaO–FeO–Fe2O3–MgO–NiO–SiO2 (Al–Ca–Fe–Mg–Ni–O–Si) multi-component system at high temperature of interest to nickel pyrometallurgical processes. The project was accomplished by the joint efforts of two research groups. The database development was carried out at the Centre for Research in Computational Thermochemistry, Montreal, Canada by means of thermodynamic modeling, which was closely related to experimental study of phase equilibria performed by our colleagues from the Pyrometallurgy Research Centre (PyroSearch), Brisbane, Australia. This collaborative approach greatly increased the effectiveness of the overall program by reducing the amount of the required experimental work and providing specific experimental data for thermodynamic modeling. Thermodynamic assessments were applied to identify priorities for experiments and experimental measurements were planned to provide specific data for thermodynamic modeling. A literature review and critical assessment of the previously published thermodynamic and phase equilibrium data on the NiO-containing systems were performed using thermodynamic modeling. The parameters of the models were optimized to fit a large variety of the literature data collected
11 citations
Cites background or methods or result from "Terminal solid solubilities at 1313..."
...6: CaO–NiO phase diagram: experimental points [69-72] and calculated lines The CaO–NiO phase diagram was studied by Tikkanen [69] (cited from Levin et al....
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...7, their activities of CaO are in disagreement with the results of Raghavan [71]....
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...6: CaO–NiO phase diagram: experimental points [69-72] and calculated lines ....
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...Raghavan [71] studied the activity of CaO at 1040 °C using a cell with CaF2 solid electrolyte and found strong positive deviations from ideality....
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...The model parameters of the monoxide solid solution were optimized to reproduce simultaneously the solid solubility limits and the activity data of Raghavan [71]....
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the modelling of CaO-NiO using the quasichemical cell model of Kapoor-Frohberg-Gaye for the liquid slag phase.
Abstract: The knowledge of the thermodynamic features of the NiO-CaO system is of fundamental importance to the modelling of metal-slag-refractory equilibrium of Ni-based alloys melting process in electric arc furnaces as well as for development a self-consistent multi-component thermodynamic database for nickel extraction from laterite ores. The existing assessment for liquid slag, based on the quasichemical model modified by Pelton and Blander cannot be in the SLAG database used by Thermo-Calc software which is based on a different thermodynamic model to slag phase. The present work presents the modelling of CaO-NiO using the quasichemical cell model of Kapoor-Frohberg-Gaye for the liquid slag phase. The data utilized for this modelling were activities, liquidus and solvus compositions as well as magnetic parameters of the phase NiO. The optimization was performed with the PARROT® module of Thermo-Calc® software. The results obtained, the phase diagram and the activities diagrams, are in good agreement with the literature data.
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01 Feb 1970-Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B-process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science
TL;DR: In this article, the authors determined the extent of the solid miscibility gap in the system CaO−FeO−MnO at 1100°C by electron microprobe, point-counting, and X-ray diffraction analysis of coexisting phases within the miscibility gaps.
Abstract: The extent of the solid miscibility gap in the system CaO−“FeO”−MnO at 1100°C has been determined termined by electron microprobe, point-counting, and X-ray diffraction analysis of coexisting phases within the miscibility gap. Activities of FeO in ternary solid solutions have been determined at 1100°C by equilibrating the solid solutions with metallic iron and a gas phase of known oxygen pressures. Activity-composition curves for CaO and MnO in the ternary system are calculated from a Gibbs-Duhem integration, and the data are extrapolated to the binary system CaO−MnO, which is shown to display a considerable positive deviation from ideality at 1100°C.
19 citations