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Textbook of polymer science
01 Jan 1971-
TL;DR: The Science of Large Molecules POLYMERIZATION Step-Reaction (Condensation) Polymerization Radical Chain (Addition) PolyMERization Ionic and Coordination Chain (addition) Copolymerization Polymerisation Conditions and Polymer Reactions CHARACTERIZATION Polymer Solutions Measurement of Molecular Weight and Size Analysis and Testing of Polymers STRUCTURE and PROPERTIES Morphology and Order in Crystalline Polymers Rheology and the Mechanical Properties of Polymer Structure and Physical Properties as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The Science of Large Molecules POLYMERIZATION Step-Reaction (Condensation) Polymerization Radical Chain (Addition) Polymerization Ionic and Coordination Chain (Addition) Polymerization Copolymerization Polymerization Conditions and Polymer Reactions CHARACTERIZATION Polymer Solutions Measurement of Molecular Weight and Size Analysis and Testing of Polymers STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES Morphology and Order in Crystalline Polymers Rheology and the Mechanical Properties of Polymers Polymer Structure and Physical Properties PROPERTIES OF COMMERICAL POLYMERS Hydrocarbon Plastics and Elastomers Other Carbon-Chain Polymers Heterochain Thermoplastics Thermosetting Resins POLYMER PROCESSING Plastics Technology Fiber Technology Elastomer Technology Appendixes Author and Subject Indexes.
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TL;DR: The properties of hydrogels that are important for tissue engineering applications and the inherent material design constraints and challenges are discussed.
Abstract: Hydrogels, due to their unique biocompatibility, flexible methods of synthesis, range of constituents, and desirable physical characteristics, have been the material of choice for many applications in regenerative medicine. They can serve as scaffolds that provide structural integrity to tissue constructs, control drug and protein delivery to tissues and cultures, and serve as adhesives or barriers between tissue and material surfaces. In this work, the properties of hydrogels that are important for tissue engineering applications and the inherent material design constraints and challenges are discussed. Recent research involving several different hydrogels polymerized from a variety of synthetic and natural monomers using typical and novel synthetic methods are highlighted. Finally, special attention is given to the microfabrication techniques that are currently resulting in important advances in the field.
2,339 citations
Cites background from "Textbook of polymer science"
...54 Å; the characteristic ratio, CN, (ratio of the square of the unperturbed distance to the square of the random flight end-to-end distance), which is available for many polymers; the average molecular weight between crosslinks, M̅C; the swollen polymer volume fraction, υ2,s; and Mr, or the molecular weight of the repeat units.[14,15]...
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TL;DR: The effects of water, as a near-universal solvent and plasticizer, on the behavior of polymeric (as well as oligomeric and monomeric) food materials and systems, are reviewed, with emphasis on the impact of water content (in terms of increasing system mobility and eventual water "availability") on food quality, safety, stability, and technological performance.
Abstract: Water, the most abundant constituent of natural foods, is a ubiquitous plasticizer of most natural and fabricated food ingredients and products. Many of the new concepts and developments in modern food science and technology revolve around the role of water, and its manipulation, in food manufacturing, processing, and preservation. This article reviews the effects of water, as a near-universal solvent and plasticizer, on the behavior of polymeric (as well as oligomeric and monomeric) food materials and systems, with emphasis on the impact of water content (in terms of increasing system mobility and eventual water "availability") on food quality, safety, stability, and technological performance. This review describes a new perspective on moisture management, an old and established discipline now evolving to a theoretical basis of fundamental structure-property principles from the field of synthetic polymer science, including the innovative concepts of "water dynamics" and "glass dynamics". These integrated concepts focus on the non-equilibrium nature of all "real world" food products and processes, and stress the importance to successful moisture management of the maintenance of food systems in kinetically metastable, dynamically constrained glassy states rather than equilibrium thermodynamic phases. The understanding derived from this "food polymer science" approach to water relationships in foods has led to new insights and advances beyond the limited applicability of traditional concepts involving water activity. This article is neither a conventional nor comprehensive review of water activity, but rather a critical overview that presents and discusses current, usable information on moisture management theory, research, and practice applicable to food systems covering the broadest ranges of moisture content and processing/storage temperature conditions.
1,402 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a variety of solvents were used to investigate the influence of polymer/solvent properties on the fiber surface morphology, and the results showed that polymer properties had a significant influence on fiber morphology.
Abstract: Electrospun fibers were produced using a variety of solvents to investigate the influence of polymer/solvent properties on the fiber surface morphology. Electrospinning is a novel processing techni...
1,224 citations
TL;DR: This work has shown that the mechanical properties of hydrogels are highly dependent on the polymer structure, especially the cross-linking density and the degree of swelling, and methods for controlling the properties were presented.
1,071 citations
TL;DR: The mechanical properties (elastic, plastic, creep, and fracture) of cellular solids or foams are related to the properties of the cell wall material and to the cell geometry.
Abstract: The mechanical properties (elastic, plastic, creep, and fracture) of cellular solids or foams are related to the properties of the cell wall material and to the cell geometry The properties are well described by simple formulae Such materials occur widely in nature and have many potential engineering applications
909 citations