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Journal ArticleDOI

Thaulin-1: The first antimicrobial peptide isolated from the skin of a Patagonian frog Pleurodema thaul (Anura: Leptodactylidae: Leiuperinae) with activity against Escherichia coli.

TL;DR: Patagonia's biodiversity has been explored from many points of view, however, skin secretions of native amphibians have not been evaluated for antimicrobial peptide research until now and the first peptides described for amphibians of the Pleurodema genus are described.
About: This article is published in Gene.The article was published on 2017-03-20 and is currently open access. It has received 21 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Antimicrobial peptides & Pleurodema.

Summary (1 min read)

Introduction

  • The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form.
  • B IPCSH – CONICET, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Bvd. Brown 2915.

INTRODUCCTION

  • During the last decades there has been a rapid increase in the number of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) described, with more than 1017 active peptides derived from amphibians (antimicrobial peptide database, APD).
  • Figure 1. (A) Pleurodema thaul distribution from the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
  • (B) Collection site area (photo by S. Polcowñuk, used with permission).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

  • Preproregions (signal peptide and acidic region boxed white and black respectively) and variable domain (boxed gray) that correspond to mature peptide are AC CE PT ED M AN US CR IP T signaled.
  • It is noteworthy that the highest similarity belongs to membrane proteins described in Gram-negative microorganisms.
  • Synthetic purified and quantified thaulin-1 and Gly-thaulin- 1 peptides showed identical minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) values (Table 4), demonstrating that the mechanism of action is mainly bactericide, not involving a significant inhibitory stage.

CONCLUSIONS

  • This work reports the first four peptides identified from the skin of the Patagonian frog P. thaul.
  • Sequences were analyzed using the Lasergene sequence analysis software (DNASTAR, Inc.).
  • All tests were performed in triplicate and according to CLSI (2012).
  • Cultures of BMDM were supplemented with the different concentrations of the test compounds for 24h.
  • Peptides were tested at different concentrations (15.62–500 µg/mL) according to Bignami [Bignami, 1993] with modifications.

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Citations
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TL;DR: These state-of-the-art analytical techniques for studying intramolecular interactions with high resolution in lipopeptide-lipid interactions studies are reviewed.

17 citations

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TL;DR: It is demonstrated that rVpDef could be produced in a large-scale manner in P. pastoris and has a good antibacterial activity and suitable stability, supporting its use for both research and application purposes.

12 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A histological analysis of dorsal and lumbar skin and revised the colour patterns, defensive behaviours and glandular secretions to study the diversity and evolution of anti-predator mechanisms associated with macroglands provide phylogenetic evidence for the startle-first hypothesis.

7 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This study contributes to the characterization of peptides with new sequences to enrich the databases for the design of therapeutic agents and highlights the importance of investing in nature conservation and the power of genetic description as a strategy to identify new compounds.
Abstract: The skin glands of amphibian species hold a major component of their innate immunity, namely a unique set of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Although most of them have common characteristics, differences in AMP sequences allow a huge repertoire of biological activity with varying degrees of efficacy. We present the first study of the AMPs from Pleurodema somuncurence (Anura: Leptodactylidae: Leiuperinae). Among the 11 identified mature peptides, three presented antimicrobial activity. Somuncurin-1 (FIIWPLRYRK), somuncurin-2 (FILKRSYPQYY), and thaulin-3 (NLVGSLLGGILKK) inhibited Escherichia coli growth. Somuncurin-1 also showed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Biophysical membrane model studies revealed that this peptide had a greater permeation effect in prokaryotic-like membranes and capacity to restructure liposomes, suggesting fusogenic activity, which could lead to cell aggregation and disruption of cell morphology. This study contributes to the characterization of peptides with new sequences to enrich the databases for the design of therapeutic agents. Furthermore, it highlights the importance of investing in nature conservation and the power of genetic description as a strategy to identify new compounds.

7 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Batroxicidin (BatxC) is a cathelicidin found in the venom of the common lancehead (Bothrops atrox) as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Snake venoms are important sources of bioactive molecules, including those with antiparasitic activity. Cathelicidins form a class of such molecules, which are produced by a variety of organisms. Batroxicidin (BatxC) is a cathelicidin found in the venom of the common lancehead (Bothrops atrox). In the present work, BatxC and two synthetic analogues, BatxC(C-2.15Phe) and BatxC(C-2.14Phe)des-Phe1, were assessed for their microbicidal activity. All three peptides showed a broad-spectrum activity on Gram-positive and -negative bacteria, as well as promastigote and amastigote forms of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis. Circular dichroism (CD) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data indicated that the three peptides changed their structure upon interaction with membranes. Biomimetic membrane model studies demonstrated that the peptides exert a permeabilization effect in prokaryotic membranes, leading to cell morphology distortion, which was confirmed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The molecules considered in this work exhibited bactericidal and leishmanicidal activity at low concentrations, with the AFM data suggesting membrane pore formation as their mechanism of action. These peptides stand as valuable prototype drugs to be further investigated and eventually used to treat bacterial and protozoal infections.

7 citations

References
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TL;DR: Molecular Cloning has served as the foundation of technical expertise in labs worldwide for 30 years as mentioned in this paper and has been so popular, or so influential, that no other manual has been more widely used and influential.
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TL;DR: The neighbor-joining method and Sattath and Tversky's method are shown to be generally better than the other methods for reconstructing phylogenetic trees from evolutionary distance data.
Abstract: A new method called the neighbor-joining method is proposed for reconstructing phylogenetic trees from evolutionary distance data. The principle of this method is to find pairs of operational taxonomic units (OTUs [= neighbors]) that minimize the total branch length at each stage of clustering of OTUs starting with a starlike tree. The branch lengths as well as the topology of a parsimonious tree can quickly be obtained by using this method. Using computer simulation, we studied the efficiency of this method in obtaining the correct unrooted tree in comparison with that of five other tree-making methods: the unweighted pair group method of analysis, Farris's method, Sattath and Tversky's method, Li's method, and Tateno et al.'s modified Farris method. The new, neighbor-joining method and Sattath and Tversky's method are shown to be generally better than the other methods.

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"Thaulin-1: The first antimicrobial ..." refers background in this paper

  • ...Distance between sequences used for tree generation predicted expected fraction of base substitutions per site given the fraction of mismatched bases in the aligned region [Saitou and Nei, 1987]....

    [...]

Book
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TL;DR: The content has been entirely recast to include nucleic-acid based methods selected as the most widely used and valuable in molecular and cellular biology laboratories.
Abstract: Molecular Cloning has served as the foundation of technical expertise in labs worldwide for 30 years. No other manual has been so popular, or so influential. Molecular Cloning, Fourth Edition, by the celebrated founding author Joe Sambrook and new co-author, the distinguished HHMI investigator Michael Green, preserves the highly praised detail and clarity of previous editions and includes specific chapters and protocols commissioned for the book from expert practitioners at Yale, U Mass, Rockefeller University, Texas Tech, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Washington University, and other leading institutions. The theoretical and historical underpinnings of techniques are prominent features of the presentation throughout, information that does much to help trouble-shoot experimental problems. For the fourth edition of this classic work, the content has been entirely recast to include nucleic-acid based methods selected as the most widely used and valuable in molecular and cellular biology laboratories. Core chapters from the third edition have been revised to feature current strategies and approaches to the preparation and cloning of nucleic acids, gene transfer, and expression analysis. They are augmented by 12 new chapters which show how DNA, RNA, and proteins should be prepared, evaluated, and manipulated, and how data generation and analysis can be handled. The new content includes methods for studying interactions between cellular components, such as microarrays, next-generation sequencing technologies, RNA interference, and epigenetic analysis using DNA methylation techniques and chromatin immunoprecipitation. To make sense of the wealth of data produced by these techniques, a bioinformatics chapter describes the use of analytical tools for comparing sequences of genes and proteins and identifying common expression patterns among sets of genes. Building on thirty years of trust, reliability, and authority, the fourth edition of Mol

25,596 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Clustal W and ClUSTal X multiple sequence alignment programs have been completely rewritten in C++ to facilitate the further development of the alignment algorithms in the future and has allowed proper porting of the programs to the latest versions of Linux, Macintosh and Windows operating systems.
Abstract: Summary: The Clustal W and Clustal X multiple sequence alignment programs have been completely rewritten in C++. This will facilitate the further development of the alignment algorithms in the future and has allowed proper porting of the programs to the latest versions of Linux, Macintosh and Windows operating systems. Availability: The programs can be run on-line from the EBI web server: http://www.ebi.ac.uk/tools/clustalw2. The source code and executables for Windows, Linux and Macintosh computers are available from the EBI ftp site ftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/software/clustalw2/ Contact: clustalw@ucd.ie

25,325 citations


"Thaulin-1: The first antimicrobial ..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...Alignment of best hits and distance trees were performed using the ClustalX 2.1 software [Larkin et al., 2007] and visualized by NJPlot....

    [...]

Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: Details are given about protein identification and analysis software that is available through the ExPASy World Wide Web server and the extensive annotation available in the Swiss-Prot database is used.
Abstract: Protein identification and analysis software performs a central role in the investigation of proteins from two-dimensional (2-D) gels and mass spectrometry. For protein identification, the user matches certain empirically acquired information against a protein database to define a protein as already known or as novel. For protein analysis, information in protein databases can be used to predict certain properties about a protein, which can be useful for its empirical investigation. The two processes are thus complementary. Although there are numerous programs available for those applications, we have developed a set of original tools with a few main goals in mind. Specifically, these are: 1. To utilize the extensive annotation available in the Swiss-Prot database wherever possible, in particular the position-specific annotation in the Swiss-Prot feature tables to take into account posttranslational modifications and protein processing. 2. To develop tools specifically, but not exclusively, applicable to proteins prepared by two dimensional gel electrophoresis and peptide mass fingerprinting experiments. 3. To make all tools available on the World-Wide Web (WWW), and freely usable by the scientific community. In this chapter we give details about protein identification and analysis software that is available through the ExPASy World Wide Web server.

8,007 citations

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Q1. What contributions have the authors mentioned in the paper "Thaulin-1: the first antimicrobial peptide isolated from the skin of a patagonian frog pleurodema thaul (anura: leptodactylidae: leiuperinae) with activity against escherichia coli" ?

Please cite this article as: Mariela M. Marani, Luis O. Perez, Alyne Rodrigues de Araujo, Alexandra Plácido, Carla F. Sousa, Patrick Veras Quelemes, Mayara Oliveira, Ana G. Gomes-Alves, Mariana Pueta, Paula Gameiro, Ana M. Tomás, Cristina Delerue-Matos, Peter Eaton, Silvia A. Camperi, Néstor G. Basso, Jose Roberto de Souza de Almeida Leite, Thaulin-1: The first antimicrobial peptide isolated from the skin of a Patagonian frog Pleurodema thaul ( Anura: Leptodactylidae: Leiuperinae ) with activity against Escherichia coli. The address for the corresponding author was captured as affiliation for all authors. 

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