The ABCD study: understanding the development of risk for mental and physical health outcomes.
01 Jan 2021-Neuropsychopharmacology (Springer Science and Business Media LLC)-Vol. 46, Iss: 1, pp 131-142
TL;DR: How the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study was designed to elucidate factors associated with the development of negative mental and physical health outcomes is outlined and a selective overview of results emerging from the ABCD Study is provided.
About: This article is published in Neuropsychopharmacology.The article was published on 2021-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 109 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Mental health & Population.
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TL;DR: The Human Connectome Project (HCP) was launched in 2010 as an ambitious effort to accelerate advances in human neuroimaging, particularly for measures of brain connectivity; apply these advances to study a large number of healthy young adults; and freely share the data and tools with the scientific community as mentioned in this paper.
74 citations
TL;DR: The findings indicate that the novel, abbreviated youth version of the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale can assess multidimensional impulsivity in children reliably and validly by means of self-report, allowing assessment of this critical domain at early stages of development.
Abstract: The current study examines the measurement properties and validity of a novel, abbreviated youth version of the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale that was developed to maintain measurement consistency with the existing adult short form. Specifically, we examined this scale's (a) factor structure; (b) measurement and structural invariance across four demographic characteristics: gender, ethnicity, household income, and parental education; and (c) correlates using a subset of 4,521 preadolescent (9- and 10-year old) children (53% male) from the baseline wave of the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, a large, community-based sample. Our findings supported a correlated 5-factor model, as well as a hierarchical model that recaptured the covariation among these 5 lower-order factors in three higher-order factors. Both of these models are consistent with the commonly observed structure of the UPPS-P among adults. We established measurement invariance across all demographic characteristics. Finally, our UPPS-P scales evidenced good convergent and discriminant validity with a broad swath of theoretically relevant external criteria, including self- and parent-reported personality and psychopathology, as well as lab-based neurocognitive tasks. Our findings indicate that we can assess multidimensional impulsivity in children reliably and validly by means of self-report, allowing assessment of this critical domain at early stages of development. We hope that this measure will facilitate the study of impulsivity in large-scale samples to begin to understand the evolution and long-term consequences of impulsivity. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
38 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used data from SIGMA, a longitudinal, experience sampling cohort study, in which N = 173 adolescents aged 11 to 20 were tested before and during COVID-19.
Abstract: COVID-19 lockdown measures have profoundly impacted adolescent' daily life, with research suggesting an increase in irritability, stress, loneliness, and family conflict. A potential protective factor is parent-child relationship quality; however, no studies have investigated this. We used data from SIGMA, a longitudinal, experience sampling cohort study, in which N = 173 adolescents aged 11 to 20 were tested before and during COVID-19. Multilevel analyses showed decreased daily-life irritability and increased loneliness from pre- to mid-pandemic. Daily-life stress levels were unchanged. Relationship quality was negatively associated with irritability and loneliness and buffered against the increase in loneliness. Effect sizes were small and do not support a strong effect of the first lockdown on irritability, stress, loneliness, and family conflict in adolescents.
29 citations
Florida International University1, University of Rochester Medical Center2, University of Missouri3, University of Michigan4, University of California, San Diego5, Haukeland University Hospital6, University of Massachusetts Medical School7, Children's Hospital Los Angeles8, University of Oxford9, Washington University in St. Louis10, University of Vermont11, National Institute on Drug Abuse12, Virginia Commonwealth University13, Johns Hopkins University14, McGovern Institute for Brain Research15
TL;DR: The ABCD Study aims and design are described, as well as issues surrounding estimation of meaningful associations using its data, including population inferences, hypothesis testing, power and precision, control of covariates, interpretation of associations, and recommended best practices for reproducible research, analytical procedures and reporting of results.
Abstract: The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study is the largest single-cohort prospective longitudinal study of neurodevelopment and children9s health in the United States. A cohort of n=11,880 children aged 9-10 years (and their parents/guardians) were recruited across 22 sites and are being followed with in-person visits on an annual basis for at least 10 years. The study approximates the US population on several key sociodemographic variables, including sex, race, ethnicity, household income, and parental education. Data collected include assessments of health, mental health, substance use, culture and environment and neurocognition, as well as geocoded exposures, structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and whole-genome genotyping. Here, we describe the ABCD Study aims and design, as well as issues surrounding estimation of meaningful associations using its data, including population inferences, hypothesis testing, power and precision, control of covariates, interpretation of associations, and recommended best practices for reproducible research, analytical procedures and reporting of results.
25 citations
TL;DR: This review first outlines the most prominent hypotheses linking CT exposure and the onset of BD, followed by a discussion of original studies that investigated the role of CT in young people with early-onset BD, youths at increased risk of developing BD, or youngsters with BD with a focus on subclinical and clinical outcome measures.
Abstract: Childhood trauma (CT) has been repeatedly linked to earlier onset and greater severity of bipolar disorder (BD) in adulthood. However, such knowledge is mostly based on retrospective and cross-sectional studies in adults with BD. The first objective of this selective review is to characterize the short-term effects of CT in the development of BD by focusing on studies in young people. The second objective is to describe the longer-term consequences of CT by considering studies with adult participants. This review first outlines the most prominent hypotheses linking CT exposure and the onset of BD. Then, it summarizes the psychological and biological risk factors implicated in the development of BD, followed by a discussion of original studies that investigated the role of CT in young people with early-onset BD, youths at increased risk of developing BD, or young people with BD with a focus on subclinical and clinical outcome measures. The review considers additional biological and psychological factors associated with a negative impact of CT on the long-term course of BD in later adulthood. Finally, we discuss how the integration of information of CT can improve ongoing early identification of BD and mitigate severe clinical expression in later adulthood.
23 citations
References
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TL;DR: The UK Biobank is described, a large population-based prospective study, established to allow investigation of the genetic and non-genetic determinants of the diseases of middle and old age.
Abstract: Cathie Sudlow and colleagues describe the UK Biobank, a large population-based prospective study, established to allow investigation of the genetic and non-genetic determinants of the diseases of middle and old age.
6,114 citations
"The ABCD study: understanding the d..." refers background in this paper
...org; N= 1029) [29], the National Institutes of Health Pediatric MRI Database (N= 550) [30], IMAGEN (N= 2000) [6], Pediatric Imaging, Neurocognition, and Genetics study (PING) (N= 1493) [31], National Consortium on Alcohol and NeuroDevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA) (N= 831) [4], Human Connectome Project (HCP) (N= 1200) [32, 33], and HCP-Development (HCP-D; N= 1350 [34]), UK Biobank (N= over 500,000) [35], Generation R (N= 9778) [5], Philadelphia Neurodevelopment Cohort (PNC) (N= ~9498) [36], and the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study (N= 1037) [37], among others....
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TL;DR: It is shown that the average statistical power of studies in the neurosciences is very low, and the consequences include overestimates of effect size and low reproducibility of results.
Abstract: A study with low statistical power has a reduced chance of detecting a true effect, but it is less well appreciated that low power also reduces the likelihood that a statistically significant result reflects a true effect. Here, we show that the average statistical power of studies in the neurosciences is very low. The consequences of this include overestimates of effect size and low reproducibility of results. There are also ethical dimensions to this problem, as unreliable research is inefficient and wasteful. Improving reproducibility in neuroscience is a key priority and requires attention to well-established but often ignored methodological principles.
5,683 citations
"The ABCD study: understanding the d..." refers background in this paper
...Further, our expectations for effect sizes are likely biased, as it is known that underpowered studies overestimate effect sizes [68, 69]....
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TL;DR: This large-scale longitudinal pediatric neuroimaging study confirmed linear increases in white matter, but demonstrated nonlinear changes in cortical gray matter, with a preadolescent increase followed by a postadolescent decrease.
Abstract: Pediatric neuroimaging studies1,2,3,4,5, up to now exclusively cross sectional, identify linear decreases in cortical gray matter and increases in white matter across ages 4 to 20. In this large-scale longitudinal pediatric neuroimaging study, we confirmed linear increases in white matter, but demonstrated nonlinear changes in cortical gray matter, with a preadolescent increase followed by a postadolescent decrease. These changes in cortical gray matter were regionally specific, with developmental curves for the frontal and parietal lobe peaking at about age 12 and for the temporal lobe at about age 16, whereas cortical gray matter continued to increase in the occipital lobe through age 20.
5,140 citations
"The ABCD study: understanding the d..." refers background in this paper
...For example, middle childhood is associated with several changes, including continued neuromaturational processes that began in childhood, such as increases in both gray and white matter [80]....
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TL;DR: Using multi-modal magnetic resonance images from the Human Connectome Project and an objective semi-automated neuroanatomical approach, 180 areas per hemisphere are delineated bounded by sharp changes in cortical architecture, function, connectivity, and/or topography in a precisely aligned group average of 210 healthy young adults.
Abstract: Understanding the amazingly complex human cerebral cortex requires a map (or parcellation) of its major subdivisions, known as cortical areas. Making an accurate areal map has been a century-old objective in neuroscience. Using multi-modal magnetic resonance images from the Human Connectome Project (HCP) and an objective semi-automated neuroanatomical approach, we delineated 180 areas per hemisphere bounded by sharp changes in cortical architecture, function, connectivity, and/or topography in a precisely aligned group average of 210 healthy young adults. We characterized 97 new areas and 83 areas previously reported using post-mortem microscopy or other specialized study-specific approaches. To enable automated delineation and identification of these areas in new HCP subjects and in future studies, we trained a machine-learning classifier to recognize the multi-modal 'fingerprint' of each cortical area. This classifier detected the presence of 96.6% of the cortical areas in new subjects, replicated the group parcellation, and could correctly locate areas in individuals with atypical parcellations. The freely available parcellation and classifier will enable substantially improved neuroanatomical precision for studies of the structural and functional organization of human cerebral cortex and its variation across individuals and in development, aging, and disease.
3,414 citations
"The ABCD study: understanding the d..." refers background in this paper
...org; N= 1029) [29], the National Institutes of Health Pediatric MRI Database (N= 550) [30], IMAGEN (N= 2000) [6], Pediatric Imaging, Neurocognition, and Genetics study (PING) (N= 1493) [31], National Consortium on Alcohol and NeuroDevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA) (N= 831) [4], Human Connectome Project (HCP) (N= 1200) [32, 33], and HCP-Development (HCP-D; N= 1350 [34]), UK Biobank (N= over 500,000) [35], Generation R (N= 9778) [5], Philadelphia Neurodevelopment Cohort (PNC) (N= ~9498) [36], and the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study (N= 1037) [37], among others....
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TL;DR: The pioneering longitudinal studies of child development were extended well beyond childhood and eventually followed their young study members up to the middle years and later life, generating issues that could not be addressed satisfactorily by available theories.
Abstract: The pioneering longitudinal studies of child development (all launched in the 1920s and 1930s) were extended well beyond childhood Indeed, they eventually followed their young study members up to the middle years and later life In doing so, they generated issues that could not be addressed satisfactorily by available theories These include the recognition that individual lives are influenced by their ever-changing historical context, that the study of human lives calls for new ways of thinking about their pattern and dynamic, and that concepts of human development should apply to processes across the life span Life course theory has evolved since the 1960s through programmatic efforts to address such issues
2,532 citations
"The ABCD study: understanding the d..." refers background in this paper
...In terms of defining factors that predict variation in developmental trajectories, life course [85] and developmental psychopathology [86] theories suggest that early negative experiences can alter a youth’s developmental trajectory [87, 88] and the accomplishment of developmental milestones....
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