Journal ArticleDOI
The absolute energy positions of conduction and valence bands of selected semiconducting minerals
Yong Xu,Martin A.A. Schoonen +1 more
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TLDR
In this article, the absolute energy positions of conduction and valence band edges were compiled for about 50 each semiconducting metal oxide and metal sulfide minerals, and the relationship between energy levels at mineral semiconductor-electrolyte interfaces and the activities of these minerals as a catalyst or photocatalyst in aqueous redox reactions were reviewed.Abstract:
The absolute energy positions of conduction and valence band edges were compiled for about 50 each semiconducting metal oxide and metal sulfide minerals. The relationships between energy levels at mineral semiconductor-electrolyte interfaces and the activities of these minerals as a catalyst or photocatalyst in aqueous redox reactions are reviewed. The compilation of band edge energies is based on experimental flatband potential data and complementary empirical calculations from electronegativities of constituent elements. Whereas most metal oxide semiconductors have valence band edges 1 to 3 eV below the H2O oxidation potential (relative to absolute vacuum scale), energies for conduction band edges are close to, or lower than, the H2O reduction potential. These oxide minerals are strong photo-oxidation catalysts in aqueous solutions, but are limited in their reducing power. Non-transition metal sulfides generally have higher conduction and valence band edge energies than metal oxides; therefore, valence band holes in non-transition metal sulfides are less oxidizing, but conduction band electrons are exceedingly reducing. Most transition-metal sulfides, however, are characterized by small band gaps (<1 eV) and band edges situated within or close to the H2O stability potentials. Hence, both the oxidizing power of the valence band holes and the reducing power of the conduction band electrons are lower than those of non-transition metal sulfides.read more
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References
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An overview of semiconductor photocatalysis
Andrew Mills,Stephen Le Hunte +1 more
TL;DR: An overview of the field of semiconductor photocatalysis can be found in this paper, where a brief examination of its roots, achievements and possible future is presented, and the semiconductor titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) features predominantly in past and present work.
Journal ArticleDOI
Absolute Electronegativity and Hardness: Application to Inorganic Chemistry
TL;DR: In this article, the recent concepts of absolute electronegativity, {chi}, and absolute hardness, {eta}, are briefly reviewed and experimental results for a large number of molecules and radicals are presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
Photoelectrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide in aqueous suspensions of semiconductor powders
TL;DR: In this paper, the photoelectrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide to form organic compounds such as formic acid, formaldeyde, methyl alcohol and methane, in the presence of photosensitive semiconductor powders suspended in water as catalysts, is described.
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