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The Actors in Europe's Foreign Policy

30 Aug 1996-
TL;DR: The Actors in Europe's Foreign Policy as mentioned in this paper is a timely survey of the interplay between the European Union's Common Foreign and Security Policy and the long-established national foreign policies of the Union's Member States.
Abstract: Five years ago observers might have doubted that national foreign policies would continue to be of importance: it seemed inevitable that collective European positions were becoming ever more common and effective. Now the pendulum has swung back with a vengeance. The divided European responses to the prospect of war with Iraq in 1990-91, and to the war in the Balkans have made what happens in the national capitals seem divisive. The Actors in Europe's Foreign Policy is a timely survey of the interplay between the European Union's Common Foreign and Security Policy and the long-established national foreign policies of the Union's Member-States. The book contains a chapter on each country in the Union as well as a chapter on the United States in its role as the 'thirteenth seat at the table'. There is also a chapter on the European Commission, whose role in the external relations of the Community steadily grew during the 1980's. This book will be invaluable for students and scholars of the European Union and of international politics. It will also be of great interest to practitioners in all countries concerned with Europe's role in international affairs.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine the routines through which EU member states secure their civilian and civilizing identity and argue that the publicity and deliberation inherent in those routines can help to stabilize healthy security relations among EU member States and in Europe's external relations, thus strengthening the EU's role as a civilizing power.
Abstract: What effects might the deepening CFSP have on the EU's identity as a civilian and civilizing power? While greater military capabilities might seem to threaten that identity, raising the specter of ‘great power Europe’, such fears might not be warranted. Building on the assumption that actors need stable identities – in Anthony Giddens' term, ontological security – and achieve them by routinizing relations with significant others, I examine the routines through which EU member states secure their civilian and civilizing identity. I argue that the publicity and deliberation inherent in those routines can help to stabilize healthy security relations among EU member states and in Europe's external relations, thus strengthening the EU's role as a civilizing power.

179 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The expansion of European Union (EU) foreign policy cooperation since 1970 presents a number of puzzles for theorists of regional integration and International Relations as mentioned in this paper, which is not directed by supranational organizations, does not involve bargaining over policy alternatives, and is not dominated by the largest EU states.
Abstract: The expansion of European Union (EU) foreign policy cooperation since 1970 presents a number of puzzles for theorists of regional integration and International Relations. It is not directed by supranational organizations, does not involve bargaining over policy alternatives, and is not dominated by the largest EU states. Nor do the EU’s common foreign policy decisions reflect ‘lowest common denominator’ preferences. Instead, cooperation has been achieved through decentralized institutional mechanisms, involving processes associated with both intergovernmental and social constructivist theories. This article first explains how changes in institutional context — in terms of intergovernmental, transgovernmental and supranational procedures — affect the propensity for cooperation. It then links processes of institutionalization to an expansion of foreign policy cooperation among EU member states. Finally, it explores three policy areas (the Middle East, South Africa and nuclear non-proliferation) where EU states have adjusted their national foreign policies in line with EU foreign policy norms.

156 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors suggest a conceptual framework for measuring the ways political co-operation has encouraged corresponding changes in EU member states, including elite socialization, bureaucratic restructuring, constitutional changes, and changes in public perceptions about the desirability and legitimacy of this cooperation.
Abstract: European co - operation in foreign policy, or political co - operation, recently completed its third decade of institutional development. Most of this change has taken place at European level, often by adopting or adapting the procedures of the European Community. Yet the expansion of foreign, and now security, policy co - operation in the European Union (EU) has also increasingly penetrated into the domestic politics of its member states. This article suggests a conceptual framework for measuring the ways political co - operation has encouraged corresponding changes in EU member states. Four indicators of national adaptation are stressed: elite socialization, bureaucratic restructuring, constitutional changes,and changes in public perceptions about the desirability and legitimacy of this co - operation. These types of change demonstrate that the demands of foreign policy co - operation are much greater than those outlined in treaty articles, and must be taken into consideration as the EU negotiates its n...

146 citations


Cites background from "The Actors in Europe's Foreign Poli..."

  • ...Although several excellent studies explore the general relationship between domestic politics and EU foreign policy (Hill 1983, 1996; de la Serre 1988), my purpose here is to offer a conceptual framework with which to organize the findings of these and related studies in the hopes of stimulating…...

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine the relationship between institutional development and the multi-level governance of EU foreign policy, as represented by the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP), and explore how the interaction of domestic politics and governance mechanisms produces specific policy outcomes.
Abstract: The expansion of European foreign and security policy co-operation since the 1970s imposes unique requirements on European Union (EU) member states, and the co- ordination of these various obligations presents a major challenge to the EU's pursuit of a common foreign and security policy (CFSP). However, the past decade has also seen significant progress toward the multi-level governance of EU foreign policy, particularly when compared to the limited policy co-ordination of the 1970s and 1980s. This article examines the relationship between institutional development and the multi-level governance of EU foreign policy, as represented by the CFSP. In particular, it explores: (1) the extent to which the CFSP policy space can be described in terms of multi-level governance; (2) the processes by which governance mechanisms influence the domestic foreign policy cultures of EU member states; and (3) how the interaction of domestic politics and governance mechanisms produces specific policy outcomes.

145 citations


Cites background from "The Actors in Europe's Foreign Poli..."

  • ...Together, these three developments have helped to reinforce the common norms and goals of EU foreign policy (for details of these changes, see Hill 1983, 1996; Manners and Whitman 2000; Smith 2000)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors examine the roles of relative power capabilities, foreign policy interests, Europeanized identities, and domestic multilevel governance in determining the preferences of the fifteen EU member governments concerning the institutional depth of their foreign and security policy cooperation.
Abstract: Some member-states of the European Union (EU) want a supranational foreign and security policy, while other member-states oppose any significant limitation of national sovereignty in this domain. What explains this variation? Answering this question could help us to better understand not only the trajectory of European unification, but also the conditions and prospects of consensual political integration in other regional contexts and territorial scales. The main research traditions in international relations theory suggest different explanations. I examine the roles of relative power capabilities, foreign policy interests, Europeanized identities, and domestic multilevel governance in determining the preferences of the fifteen EU member governments concerning the institutional depth of their foreign and security policy cooperation. I find that power capabilities and collective identities have a significant influence, but the effect of ideas about the nature and locus of sovereignty, as reflected in the domestic constitution of each country, is particularly remarkable.

131 citations


Cites background from "The Actors in Europe's Foreign Poli..."

  • ...…Comparative Analysis~the precursor of his fuzzy-set method! is Kiser et al+ 1995+ 43+ The following collections include case studies on single countries: Hill 1996; Howorth and Menon 1997; and Manners and Whitman 2000+ The most satisfactory answer to the research questions of the present article…...

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