Journal Article•
The Amazons: : Lives and legends of warrior women across the ancient world.
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01 Jan 2017
85 citations
Cites background from "The Amazons: : Lives and legends of..."
...…imagine what it would be like for somebody to have the strength of two or three men; it is something else entirely to envision somebody having the strength of twelve men, let alone a hundred or 724 For recent treatments of Amazons as they relate to Homer see Mayor 2014: 287–304; Davies 2016: 46–50....
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TL;DR: This article analyzed the linguistic patterns of nonsense inscriptions and non-Greek words associated with figures of Scythians and Amazons in foreign languages spoken in "Scythia" (Black Sea-Caucasus region).
Abstract: More than 2,000 “nonsense” inscriptions (meaningless strings of Greek letters) appear on ancient Greek vases. We ask whether some nonsense inscriptions and nonGreek words associated with figures of Scythians and Amazons represent meaningful sounds (phonemes) in foreign languages spoken in “Scythia” (Black Sea-Caucasus region). We analyze the linguistic patterns of nonsense inscriptions and non-Greek words on thirteen vases featuring Scythians and Amazons by otherwise literate vase painters (550-450 BC). Our results reveal that for the first time in more than two millennia, some puzzling inscriptions next to Scythians and Amazons can be deciphered as appropriate names and words in ancient forms of Iranian, Abkhazian, Circassian, Ubykh, and Georgian. These examples appear to be the earliest attestations of Caucasian and other “barbarian” tongues. This new linguistic approach to so-called nonsense inscriptions sheds light on Greco-Scythian relations, literacy, bilingualism, iconography, and ethnicity; it also raises questions for further study. © Adrienne Mayor. mayor@stanford.edu; John Colarusso. colaruss@mcmaster.edu; David Saunders. DSaunders@getty.edu
42 citations
Cites background from "The Amazons: : Lives and legends of..."
...On the word “Amazon,” see p. 455, below, and Blok 1995, pp. 21– 37, 156–171; Mayor 2014, pp. 21–25, 85–88, On ethnicity and names, see Ivantchik 2006, pp. 218, 222; Tsetskhladze 2008. making sense of nonsense inscr ip t ions 451 New World tribes and used “Africans” as a collective noun....
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...See now also Mayor 2014, pp. 237–242, 431–437....
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...Rolle 1989, pp. 41, 47, 58, 60– 61, 82, 95–98; Gleba 2008, pp. 25–27; Mayor 2014, pp. 109, 199–208. a . mayor , j . col arusso, and d . saunders450 In recent decades, scholars of vase painting have proposed alternative approaches to comprehending the appearance of these figures....
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...See further Bothmer 1957, pp. 51, 103, 109; Mayor 2014, pp. 186, 188, 462, n. 28....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the connection between the tale of the Amazons and the history of the origins of the Goths, and they paid particular attention to the connections between the story of women warriors and the stories of women in war.
Abstract: This article aims to examine the narrative of the Amazons as part of a political and ethnic discourse. It pays particular attention to the connection between the tale of the Amazons and the history of the origins of the Goths. The Historia Augusta and Jordanes’ Getica are among the most significant sources for shedding light on the versatility and the popularity of the saga of the Amazons. It also highlights the authors’ lexical strategy of identifying the ancient Amazons with one or more barbaric groups. This cultural operation allowed them to integrate the old story of women warriors into their historical narrative. In the last part of this article, the Gesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiae pontificum is taken into consideration, stressing continuities and discontinuities in Adam of Bremen’s use of the tale of the Amazons.
19 citations
01 Jan 2019
TL;DR: In this article, a case study of the early modern and modern era in Europe was used to examine how the role of queen changed, not only in Prussia, but also in Europe.
Abstract: Queen Louise of Prussia: Gender, Power, and Queenship During the Sattelzeit Era Samantha Sproviero Louise of Meckelburg-Strelitz was born on March 10, 1776 and died just thirty-four years later. In her short time as the queen consort of Prussia, she would give birth to nine children, command her own dragoons, negotiate with Napoleon, and eventually become a complex and celebrated German historical figure. Immensely popular in life, her early death was considered a national tragedy, and commemorations of her life only solidified her role as a new type of Prussian queen. Using Louise as a case study, this work will examine how the role of queen changed, not only in Prussia, but also between the early modern and modern era in Europe. Following Joan W. Scott’s framework for gender analysis, this work places Louise within societal conceptions of Prussian masculinity and femininity, as well as each gender’s connection to power. This will require the use of secondary sources on Louise’s life as well as an examination of primary sources such as Louise’s personal correspondence, as well as an analysis of commemorations through the artifacts of material culture, memorial literature, and popular depictions. This assessment of Louise’s role as a woman, a mother, and as a martial consort within a socio-cultural context, as well as its representations both during and after her life, will reveal the Louise’s role as a transitional queen of the Sattelzeit period. This work will therefore contribute to the growing field of queenship studies and provide insight to of how periodization can impact historians’ understanding of queenship, gender, and power.
17 citations
10 Jun 2016
TL;DR: This article examined three societies, ranging from antiquity to the twentieth century, in which women functioned as warriors, and identified common cultural characteristics amongst these diverse examples, all three societies were evaluated using a consistent analytical framework.
Abstract: : This study examines three societies, ranging from antiquity to the twentieth century, in which women functioned as warriors. The first case study focuses on Scythian culture which inspired Greek myths about legendary Amazons. The second review is of Native American women from Apache and Cherokee tribes. Much like the first example, specific elements of their environments allowed and at times required participation in warfighting as well as hunting. The third case study is of the late twentieth century Central American guerrilla movements in Nicaragua and El Salvador where records indicate that as many as 30-40 percent of guerrilla forces were female. In an effort to identify common cultural characteristics amongst these diverse examples, all three societies were evaluated using a consistent analytical framework. Distilling the environmental, political, economic, and social factors present in these cultures, illuminates certain conditions precedent to women engaging in hunting and warfighting. These instances demonstrate women have been riding, raiding, and fighting alongside men throughout recorded human history. Gender integration in combat may seem innovative for the U.S. military, but is hardly new or unique in a historical context. This understanding provides valuable perspective as women are integrated into the combat elements of the U.S. military.
12 citations
References
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TL;DR: This article analyzed the linguistic patterns of nonsense inscriptions and non-Greek words associated with figures of Scythians and Amazons in foreign languages spoken in "Scythia" (Black Sea-Caucasus region).
Abstract: More than 2,000 “nonsense” inscriptions (meaningless strings of Greek letters) appear on ancient Greek vases. We ask whether some nonsense inscriptions and nonGreek words associated with figures of Scythians and Amazons represent meaningful sounds (phonemes) in foreign languages spoken in “Scythia” (Black Sea-Caucasus region). We analyze the linguistic patterns of nonsense inscriptions and non-Greek words on thirteen vases featuring Scythians and Amazons by otherwise literate vase painters (550-450 BC). Our results reveal that for the first time in more than two millennia, some puzzling inscriptions next to Scythians and Amazons can be deciphered as appropriate names and words in ancient forms of Iranian, Abkhazian, Circassian, Ubykh, and Georgian. These examples appear to be the earliest attestations of Caucasian and other “barbarian” tongues. This new linguistic approach to so-called nonsense inscriptions sheds light on Greco-Scythian relations, literacy, bilingualism, iconography, and ethnicity; it also raises questions for further study. © Adrienne Mayor. mayor@stanford.edu; John Colarusso. colaruss@mcmaster.edu; David Saunders. DSaunders@getty.edu
42 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the connection between the tale of the Amazons and the history of the origins of the Goths, and they paid particular attention to the connections between the story of women warriors and the stories of women in war.
Abstract: This article aims to examine the narrative of the Amazons as part of a political and ethnic discourse. It pays particular attention to the connection between the tale of the Amazons and the history of the origins of the Goths. The Historia Augusta and Jordanes’ Getica are among the most significant sources for shedding light on the versatility and the popularity of the saga of the Amazons. It also highlights the authors’ lexical strategy of identifying the ancient Amazons with one or more barbaric groups. This cultural operation allowed them to integrate the old story of women warriors into their historical narrative. In the last part of this article, the Gesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiae pontificum is taken into consideration, stressing continuities and discontinuities in Adam of Bremen’s use of the tale of the Amazons.
19 citations
01 Jan 2019
TL;DR: In this article, a case study of the early modern and modern era in Europe was used to examine how the role of queen changed, not only in Prussia, but also in Europe.
Abstract: Queen Louise of Prussia: Gender, Power, and Queenship During the Sattelzeit Era Samantha Sproviero Louise of Meckelburg-Strelitz was born on March 10, 1776 and died just thirty-four years later. In her short time as the queen consort of Prussia, she would give birth to nine children, command her own dragoons, negotiate with Napoleon, and eventually become a complex and celebrated German historical figure. Immensely popular in life, her early death was considered a national tragedy, and commemorations of her life only solidified her role as a new type of Prussian queen. Using Louise as a case study, this work will examine how the role of queen changed, not only in Prussia, but also between the early modern and modern era in Europe. Following Joan W. Scott’s framework for gender analysis, this work places Louise within societal conceptions of Prussian masculinity and femininity, as well as each gender’s connection to power. This will require the use of secondary sources on Louise’s life as well as an examination of primary sources such as Louise’s personal correspondence, as well as an analysis of commemorations through the artifacts of material culture, memorial literature, and popular depictions. This assessment of Louise’s role as a woman, a mother, and as a martial consort within a socio-cultural context, as well as its representations both during and after her life, will reveal the Louise’s role as a transitional queen of the Sattelzeit period. This work will therefore contribute to the growing field of queenship studies and provide insight to of how periodization can impact historians’ understanding of queenship, gender, and power.
17 citations
10 Jun 2016
TL;DR: This article examined three societies, ranging from antiquity to the twentieth century, in which women functioned as warriors, and identified common cultural characteristics amongst these diverse examples, all three societies were evaluated using a consistent analytical framework.
Abstract: : This study examines three societies, ranging from antiquity to the twentieth century, in which women functioned as warriors. The first case study focuses on Scythian culture which inspired Greek myths about legendary Amazons. The second review is of Native American women from Apache and Cherokee tribes. Much like the first example, specific elements of their environments allowed and at times required participation in warfighting as well as hunting. The third case study is of the late twentieth century Central American guerrilla movements in Nicaragua and El Salvador where records indicate that as many as 30-40 percent of guerrilla forces were female. In an effort to identify common cultural characteristics amongst these diverse examples, all three societies were evaluated using a consistent analytical framework. Distilling the environmental, political, economic, and social factors present in these cultures, illuminates certain conditions precedent to women engaging in hunting and warfighting. These instances demonstrate women have been riding, raiding, and fighting alongside men throughout recorded human history. Gender integration in combat may seem innovative for the U.S. military, but is hardly new or unique in a historical context. This understanding provides valuable perspective as women are integrated into the combat elements of the U.S. military.
12 citations