The amplitude of the resting-state fMRI global signal is related to EEG vigilance measures

doi:10.1016/J.NEUROIMAGE.2013.07.057

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The amplitude of the resting-state fMRI global signal is related to EEG vigilance measures

Journal Article•DOI•

The amplitude of the resting-state fMRI global signal is related to EEG vigilance measures

Chi Wah Wong¹, Valur Olafsson¹, Omer Tal¹, Thomas T. Liu¹•Institutions (1)

University of California, San Diego¹

01 Dec 2013-NeuroImage (NIH Public Access)-Vol. 83, pp 983-990

TL;DR: The amplitude of the global signal exhibited a significant negative correlation with EEG vigilance across subjects studied in the eyes-closed condition and increases in EEG vigilance were significantly associated with both a decrease in global signal amplitude and an increase in the average level of anti-correlation between the default mode network and the task-positive network.

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About: This article is published in NeuroImage.The article was published on 2013-12-01 and is currently open access. It has received 252 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Resting state fMRI & Vigilance (psychology).

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Journal Article•DOI•

Towards a consensus regarding global signal regression for resting state functional connectivity MRI

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Kevin Murphy¹, Michael D. Fox², Michael D. Fox³•Institutions (3)

Cardiff University¹, Harvard University², Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center³

01 Jul 2017-NeuroImage

TL;DR: It is highlighted that there is not a single “right” way to process resting state data that reveals the “true” nature of the brain, and different processing approaches likely reveal complementary insights about the brain's functional organisation.

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793 citations

Cites background from "The amplitude of the resting-state ..."

..., 2011), or ingestion of caffeine (Wong et al., 2013)....
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...For example, anti-correlations can be seen with physiological noise correction (Chang and Glover, 2009), component based noise reduction (Chai et al., 2011), or ingestion of caffeine (Wong et al., 2013)....
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...Further evidence that the global signal has a neural component is demonstrated by the negative correlation between its amplitude and EEG vigilance measures across subjects (Wong et al., 2013)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Methods for cleaning the BOLD fMRI signal

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César Caballero-Gaudes, Richard C. Reynolds¹•Institutions (1)

National Institutes of Health¹

01 Jul 2017-NeuroImage

TL;DR: The importance of signal denoising as an essential step in the analysis pipeline of task‐based and resting state fMRI studies is summarized and practical recommendations regarding the optimization of the preprocessing pipeline are indicated.

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449 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Sources and implications of whole-brain fMRI signals in humans.

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Jonathan D. Power¹, Mark Plitt¹, Timothy O. Laumann², Alex Martin¹•Institutions (2)

National Institutes of Health¹, Washington University in St. Louis²

01 Feb 2017-NeuroImage

TL;DR: This work maps the spatial and temporal properties of the global signal, individually, in 1000+ fMRI scans from 8 sites to demonstrate the need for methods capable of isolating and removing global artifactual variance while preserving putative “neural” variance.

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421 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Altered global brain signal in schizophrenia

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Genevieve Yang¹, John D. Murray², Grega Repovs³, Michael W. Cole⁴, Aleksandar Savić⁵, Aleksandar Savić¹, Matthew F. Glasser⁶, Christopher Pittenger¹, John H. Krystal¹, Xiao Jing Wang⁷, Godfrey D. Pearlson¹, David C. Glahn⁸, Alan Anticevic¹ - Show less +9 more•Institutions (8)

Yale University¹, New York University², University of Ljubljana³, Rutgers University⁴, University of Zagreb⁵, Washington University in St. Louis⁶, East China Normal University⁷, Hartford Hospital⁸

20 May 2014-Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

TL;DR: Biologically informed computational modeling of shared and nonshared signal propagation through the brain suggests that these findings may be explained by altered net strength of overall brain connectivity in schizophrenia.

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Abstract: Neuropsychiatric conditions like schizophrenia display a complex neurobiology, which has long been associated with distributed brain dysfunction. However, no investigation has tested whether schizophrenia shows alterations in global brain signal (GS), a signal derived from functional MRI and often discarded as a meaningless baseline in many studies. To evaluate GS alterations associated with schizophrenia, we studied two large chronic patient samples (n = 90, n = 71), comparing them to healthy subjects (n = 220) and patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder (n = 73). We identified and replicated increased cortical power and variance in schizophrenia, an effect predictive of symptoms yet obscured by GS removal. Voxel-wise signal variance was also increased in schizophrenia, independent of GS effects. Both findings were absent in bipolar patients, confirming diagnostic specificity. Biologically informed computational modeling of shared and nonshared signal propagation through the brain suggests that these findings may be explained by altered net strength of overall brain connectivity in schizophrenia.

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333 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

The global signal in fMRI: Nuisance or Information?

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Thomas T. Liu¹, Alican Nalci¹, Maryam Falahpour¹•Institutions (1)

University of California, San Diego¹

15 Apr 2017-NeuroImage

TL;DR: A closer look at the global signal is taken, examining in detail the various sources that can contribute to the signal, including global signal regression, global signal subtraction, and global signal normalization.

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306 citations

Cites background or methods from "The amplitude of the resting-state ..."

...Examples of the global signal from a representative scan previously analyzed in (Wong et al., 2013) are shown in Figure 1....
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...Additional details about the processing are provided in (Wong et al., 2013)....
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...Note that for the purpose of this paper and consistent with the terminology used in Wong et al. (2013), the term GS amplitude will refer to the standard deviation of the GS computed across all time frames within a scan....
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...2, where we have plotted the global signal amplitudes from 30 scans using each of the four preprocessing variations applied to data from Wong et al. (2013)....
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...In simultaneous EEG-fMRI studies of human subjects, Wong et al. (2013) found that the amplitude of the global signal was inversely correlated with EEG measures of vigilance across subjects and experimental runs, with higher vigilance states characterized by lower global signal amplitudes (defined…...
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Arnaud Delorme¹, Scott Makeig¹•Institutions (1)

University of California, San Diego¹

15 Mar 2004-Journal of Neuroscience Methods

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John Radcliffe Hospital¹, University of Siena², University of Oxford³

01 Jan 2004-NeuroImage

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A default mode of brain function.

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Marcus E. Raichle¹, Ann Mary MacLeod¹, Abraham Z. Snyder¹, William J. Powers, Debra A. Gusnard¹, Gordon L. Shulman¹ - Show less +2 more•Institutions (1)

Washington University in St. Louis¹

16 Jan 2001-Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

TL;DR: A baseline state of the normal adult human brain in terms of the brain oxygen extraction fraction or OEF is identified, suggesting the existence of an organized, baseline default mode of brain function that is suspended during specific goal-directed behaviors.

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Abstract: A baseline or control state is fundamental to the understanding of most complex systems. Defining a baseline state in the human brain, arguably our most complex system, poses a particular challenge. Many suspect that left unconstrained, its activity will vary unpredictably. Despite this prediction we identify a baseline state of the normal adult human brain in terms of the brain oxygen extraction fraction or OEF. The OEF is defined as the ratio of oxygen used by the brain to oxygen delivered by flowing blood and is remarkably uniform in the awake but resting state (e.g., lying quietly with eyes closed). Local deviations in the OEF represent the physiological basis of signals of changes in neuronal activity obtained with functional MRI during a wide variety of human behaviors. We used quantitative metabolic and circulatory measurements from positron-emission tomography to obtain the OEF regionally throughout the brain. Areas of activation were conspicuous by their absence. All significant deviations from the mean hemisphere OEF were increases, signifying deactivations, and resided almost exclusively in the visual system. Defining the baseline state of an area in this manner attaches meaning to a group of areas that consistently exhibit decreases from this baseline, during a wide variety of goal-directed behaviors monitored with positron-emission tomography and functional MRI. These decreases suggest the existence of an organized, baseline default mode of brain function that is suspended during specific goal-directed behaviors.

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10,708 citations

"The amplitude of the resting-state ..." refers background in this paper

...4b, there is a significant negative relation (R = −0.72, p = 0.02) between the mean change in the correlation between the nodes in the DMN and TPN and the change in EEG vigilance....
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...In summary, the caffeinerelated decrease in the global signal amplitude and enhancement of the anti-correlation between the DMN and TPN are associated with an increase in the vigilance measure....
[...]
...As we had previously found that caffeine-related decreases in the global signal led to a greater degree of anti-correlation between the DMN and TPN (Wong et al., 2012), we also considered how changes in the correlation between the DMN and TPN are related to changes in EEG vigilance....
[...]
...To quantitatively assess BOLD connectivity between nodes in the DMN and TPN, each ROI in the DMN was correlated with every ROI in the TPN, resulting in 36 correlation values....
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...To assess the extent of anti-correlation between nodes within the DMN and TPN, we used previously determined Talairach seed coordinates to defineROIswithin these networks (Wong et al., 2012)....
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AFNI: software for analysis and visualization of functional magnetic resonance neuroimages

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Robert W. Cox¹•Institutions (1)

Medical College of Wisconsin¹

01 Jun 1996-Computers and Biomedical Research

TL;DR: A package of computer programs for analysis and visualization of three-dimensional human brain functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) results is described and techniques for automatically generating transformed functional data sets from manually labeled anatomical data sets are described.

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10,002 citations

"The amplitude of the resting-state ..." refers methods in this paper

...AFNI and FSL were used for MRI data pre-processing (Cox, 1996; Smith et al., 2004;Woolrich et al., 2009)....
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Functional connectivity in the motor cortex of resting human brain using echo-planar MRI.

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Bharat B. Biswal¹, F Z Yetkin¹, Victor M. Haughton¹, James S. Hyde¹•Institutions (1)

Medical College of Wisconsin¹

01 Oct 1995-Magnetic Resonance in Medicine

TL;DR: It is concluded that correlation of low frequency fluctuations, which may arise from fluctuations in blood oxygenation or flow, is a manifestation of functional connectivity of the brain.

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Abstract: An MRI time course of 512 echo-planar images (EPI) in resting human brain obtained every 250 ms reveals fluctuations in signal intensity in each pixel that have a physiologic origin. Regions of the sensorimotor cortex that were activated secondary to hand movement were identified using functional MRI methodology (FMRI). Time courses of low frequency (< 0.1 Hz) fluctuations in resting brain were observed to have a high degree of temporal correlation (P < 10(-3)) within these regions and also with time courses in several other regions that can be associated with motor function. It is concluded that correlation of low frequency fluctuations, which may arise from fluctuations in blood oxygenation or flow, is a manifestation of functional connectivity of the brain.

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8,766 citations

"The amplitude of the resting-state ..." refers background in this paper

...In resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), synchronous fluctuations in the blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signal have been associated with multiple functional networks, including the defaultmode network (DMN) and the task positive network (TPN) (Biswal et al., 1995; Fox and Raichle, 2007; Fox et al., 2005; Fransson, 2005; Raichle et al., 2001)....
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...…in the blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signal have been associated with multiple functional networks, including the defaultmode network (DMN) and the task positive network (TPN) (Biswal et al., 1995; Fox and Raichle, 2007; Fox et al., 2005; Fransson, 2005; Raichle et al., 2001)....
[...]