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The Amsterdam Process: A Structurationist Perspective on EU Treaty Reform

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TLDR
In this article, the authors argue that treaty reform should be regarded as a continuous process rather than a series of events, and develop a procedural understanding of constitutional change based on structuration theory.
Abstract
Intergovernmental Conferences are generally seen as key events in the design of the European Union. This paper challenges this traditional view. Arguing that treaty reform should be regarded as a continuous process rather than a series of events, the paper develops a procedural understanding of constitutional change based on structuration theory. In such a perspective, analytical attention is re-directed from the political limelight of largely ceremonial events to the more obscure 'valleys' – the periods between the IGC summits in which the more momentous developments of European integration occur. The study of past instances of constitutional change as well as an analysis of the IGC leading to the Amsterdam Treaty demonstrate the significance of a wider set of actors and of the structural environment: the trajectory of past decisions, the multilateral generation of reform agendas, the institutionalised patterns of negotiation and decision-making and the constitutionalisation of the EU order. This severely limits the ability of national governments to negotiate on the basis of 'national interests' and thus dissolves one of the cornerstones of intergovernmentalism – the over-arching significance of IGCs. Kurzfassung Regierungskonferenzen werden allgemein als die wichtigsten Ereignisse in der Entwicklung der Europaischen Union angesehen. Dieser Beitrag wendet sich gegen diese traditionelle Auffassung. Vertragsanderungen sollten nicht als eine Reihe von Ereignissen, sondern als ein kontinuierlicher Prozess verstanden werden. Dieses Papier entwickelt dementsprechend eine strukturationstheoretische Perspektive europaischer Verfassungsreformen, die den analytischen Schwerpunkt vom politischen Rampenlicht der Regierungskonferenzen auf die eher unzuganglichen Taler zwischen diesen Gipfeltreffen verlegt. Tatsachlich sind es diese Taler, in denen die historisch wichtigen Entwicklungen der europaischen Einigung ihren Ursprung haben. Sowohl die Entwicklunggeschichte des europaischen Verfassungsprozesses wie auch die Analyse der jungsten Regierungskonferenz, die zum Vertrag von Amsterdam fuhrte, belegen die Wichtigkeit einer uber Regierungsvertreter hinausreichenden Zahl von Akteuren und des strukturellen Umfeldes: die Pfadabhangigkeit fruheren Entscheidungen, die multilaterate Entstehung der Reformplane, die Institutionalisierung von Verhandlungsfuhrung und Entscheidungsfindung sowie die Verfassung einer europaischen Ordnung. All dies schrankt den Spielraum der Regierungen stark ein, auf der Basis 'nationaler Interessen' zu verhandeln, und somit verschwindet einer der Eckpfeiler des Intergouvernmentalismus – die uberragende Bedeutung von Regierungskonferenzen.

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Formal and Informal Institutions Under Codecision: Continuous Constitution‐Building in Europe

TL;DR: In this paper, a framework for analyzing the relationship between formal and informal institutions, showing how the two may be recursively related, is proposed, and applied to the codecision process.
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The role of supranational actors in EU treaty reform

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors have re-conceptualized Treaty reform as a broader process which includes, but goes beyond, the negotiations of IGCs, and looked in some detail at the respective roles of Commission, Parliament and Council Secretariat in this process.
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European integration in crisis? Of supranational integration, hegemonic projects and domestic politics.

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European integration from the 1980s: State-centric v. multi-level governance

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