The archaeology of knowledge
01 Sep 1989-pp 227-260
TL;DR: We may not be able to make you love reading, but archaeology of knowledge will lead you to love reading starting from now as mentioned in this paper, and book is the window to open the new world.
Abstract: We may not be able to make you love reading, but archaeology of knowledge will lead you to love reading starting from now. Book is the window to open the new world. The world that you want is in the better stage and level. World will always guide you to even the prestige stage of the life. You know, this is some of how reading will give you the kindness. In this case, more books you read more knowledge you know, but it can mean also the bore is full.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explore the different logics played out through moments of access to hospital services and argue that divisions are labored across hospital life and are worked to accomplish particular social worlds.
Abstract: Drawing on ethnographies of three areas of hospital life in the United Kingdom, this article explores the different logics played out through moments of access to hospital services. The authors make explicit the character of the hospital as heterotopia where different social actors are required to “fit” in with the organizational requirements of the hospital. What becomes clear is how the hospital as institution can accommodate particular logics at particular times that are incommensurate with the organization of the hospital and the “care” of patients. Such accommodation makes explicit the contestable characteristics of the hospital where alignments are made between multiple logics. Through processes of ordering, enrolling, or even dismissing potential patients (or even logics), the authors argue that divisions are labored across hospital life and are worked to accomplish particular social worlds. The issue of which social worlds are being labored and how they work for or against a logic of care is made explicit here. Through their ethnographic work, the authors show how through processes of ordering, enrolling, and dismissing persons, subject positions, and logics during moments of access, the hospital can be understood as a complex heterotopia that works politics through clinical and managerial practice.
37 citations
TL;DR: The authors argued that the current mainstream discursive constructions of Asian Americans as a &dquo;model minority or &dq;superminority serve neither the interests of Asians, nor other minorities, particularly Blacks and Latinos.
Abstract: Such racist statements were certainly not unique to the 1930s; fears of the &dquo;Yellow Peril&dquo; had been rampant decades earlier. These earlier depictions have been discussed elsewhere (Daniels 1977; Miller 1969; Ogawa 1971; Takaki 1985). While the dominance of negative representations of Asians and Asian Americans should not be overlooked, the appearance of the &dquo;model minority&dquo; is puzzling within this historical context. Frequently used to characterize Asian Americans, the term &dquo;model minority&dquo; has been embraced relatively recently by the mass media. The advent of &dquo;model minority&dquo; representations of Asian Americans is clearly not unique to the 1980s, but its continued persistence and growth in the mass market media calls for attention. In order to focus this inquiry into the appearance of the &dquo;model minority,&dquo; it is important to remember that, in general, this is a discursive practice of non-Asian Americans. That is, the discourse to be analyzed is generated from the outside looking into Asian America. This paper, then, does not discuss the ways in which Asian Americans perceive or talk about themselves. In fact, this paper does not attempt to analyze Asian Americans; rather, this paper focuses on mainstream American perceptions of Asian Americans. More specifically, this paper argues that the current mainstream discursive constructions of Asian Americans as a &dquo;model minority&dquo; or &dquo;superminority&dquo; serve neither the interests of Asian Americans, nor other minorities, particularly Blacks and Latinos. Instead, this discursive formation functions to legitimate status quo institutions. As a discursive
37 citations
Cites background from "The archaeology of knowledge"
...Archaeological analysis, then, erects the primacy of a contradiction that has its model in the simultaneous affirmation and negation of a single proposition (Foucault 1972, 155)....
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TL;DR: The authors explored how multicultural policy approaches, which mandate the inclusion of culturally and ethnically "diverse" play materials in early childhood classrooms influence the pedagogical practice of educators and, in turn, children's play and social interactions.
Abstract: This article explores how multicultural policy approaches, which mandate the inclusion of culturally and ethnically ‘diverse’ play materials in early childhood classrooms influence the pedagogical practice of educators and, in turn, children’s play and social interactions. Using data collected through participant observation of children’s play in a preschool/kindergarten classroom, interviews with early childhood professionals, and document analysis of a particular early years policy, we highlight the shortcomings of the focus on physical materials as the primary strategy for addressing ‘race’ and other forms of difference in early childhood education. Assumptions about children’s play are examined and critiqued, with examples of children’s play episodes provided to emphasize how play reproduces systems of power and oppression present in the broader social context. A number of recommendations are offered for both professional practice and the reconceptualization of early childhood policy.
37 citations
Cites background from "The archaeology of knowledge"
...We draw on the work of MacNaughton, Davis, and Smith (2010), who in turn draw on Foucault (1972), and assert 828 M....
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...We draw on the work of MacNaughton, Davis, and Smith (2010), who in turn draw on Foucault (1972), and assert Discourses of ‘race’ like all discourses, are inherently linked with power/knowledge relationships....
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Dissertation•
01 Dec 2014
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors propose a method to solve the problem of homonymity in homonym identification, and propose a solution to the problem: homonymization-based homonymisation.
Abstract: .................................................................................. 2
37 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a partir d'une etude ethnographique l'A. examine certains 'effets de verite' au sein du discours dominant de la medecine scientifique.
Abstract: L'A. conteste les approches sociologiques actuelles de la profession d'infirmiere qui mettent l'accent sur l'oppression des infirmieres et leur perception comme etant des victimes, les infirmieres etant inevitablement prises entre la structure de classe et une societe patriarcale. Il montre qu'en depit d'influences recentes post-modernes ces approches demeurent prises au piege de nombreuses assomptions du feminisme 'moderniste' et de ce fait mettent l'accent sur l'oppression et la subordination aux depends de l'action autonome et de la resistance des infirmieres. Cet article fait appel aux concepts issus du post-structuralisme feministe, en particulier aux appropriations feministe du concept de discours chez Michel Foucault, afin de reintroduire la notion d'action autonome dans l'analyse du travail des infirmieres. A partir d'une etude ethnographique l'A. examine certains 'effets de verite' au sein du discours dominant de la medecine scientifique. Cela inclut les manifestations du pouvoir medical, mais aussi le discours medical des medecins et infirmieres dans leur travail quotidien
37 citations
Cites background from "The archaeology of knowledge"
...For Foucault (1970; 1972), discourses are ways of constituting knowledge, social practices and forms of subjectivity....
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References
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Book•
18 Jul 2003
TL;DR: Part 1: Social Analysis, Discourse Analysis, Text Analysis 1. Introduction 2. Texts, Social Events, and Social Practices 3. Intertextuality and Assumptions Part 2: Genres and Action 4. Genres 5. Meaning Relations between Sentences and Clauses 6. Discourses 8. Representations of Social Events Part 4: Styles and Identities 9. Modality and Evaluation 11. Conclusion
Abstract: Part 1: Social Analysis, Discourse Analysis, Text Analysis 1. Introduction 2. Texts, Social Events, and Social Practices 3. Intertextuality and Assumptions Part 2: Genres and Action 4. Genres 5. Meaning Relations between Sentences and Clauses 6. Types of Exchange, Speech Functions, and Grammatical Mood Part 3: Discourses and Representations 7. Discourses 8. Representations of Social Events Part 4: Styles and Identities 9. Styles 10. Modality and Evaluation 11. Conclusion
6,407 citations
TL;DR: A set of principles for the conduct and evaluation of interpretive field research in information systems is proposed, along with their philosophical rationale, and the usefulness of the principles is illustrated by evaluating three publishedinterpretive field studies drawn from the IS research literature.
Abstract: This article discusses the conduct and evaluatoin of interpretive research in information systems. While the conventions for evaluating information systems case studies conducted according to the natural science model of social science are now widely accepted, this is not the case for interpretive field studies. A set of principles for the conduct and evaluation of interpretive field research in information systems is proposed, along with their philosophical rationale. The usefulness of the principles is illustrated by evaluating three published interpretive field studies drawn from the IS research literature. The intention of the paper is to further reflect and debate on the important subject of grounding interpretive research methodology.
5,588 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1999
TL;DR: In Sorting Things Out, Bowker and Star as mentioned in this paper explore the role of categories and standards in shaping the modern world and examine how categories are made and kept invisible, and how people can change this invisibility when necessary.
Abstract: What do a seventeenth-century mortality table (whose causes of death include "fainted in a bath," "frighted," and "itch"); the identification of South Africans during apartheid as European, Asian, colored, or black; and the separation of machine- from hand-washables have in common? All are examples of classification -- the scaffolding of information infrastructures. In Sorting Things Out, Geoffrey C. Bowker and Susan Leigh Star explore the role of categories and standards in shaping the modern world. In a clear and lively style, they investigate a variety of classification systems, including the International Classification of Diseases, the Nursing Interventions Classification, race classification under apartheid in South Africa, and the classification of viruses and of tuberculosis. The authors emphasize the role of invisibility in the process by which classification orders human interaction. They examine how categories are made and kept invisible, and how people can change this invisibility when necessary. They also explore systems of classification as part of the built information environment. Much as an urban historian would review highway permits and zoning decisions to tell a city's story, the authors review archives of classification design to understand how decisions have been made. Sorting Things Out has a moral agenda, for each standard and category valorizes some point of view and silences another. Standards and classifications produce advantage or suffering. Jobs are made and lost; some regions benefit at the expense of others. How these choices are made and how we think about that process are at the moral and political core of this work. The book is an important empirical source for understanding the building of information infrastructures.
4,480 citations
TL;DR: In this article, two such metaphors are identified: the acquisition metaphor and the participation metaphor, and their entailments are discussed and evaluated, and the question of theoretical unification of research on learning is addressed, wherein the purpose is to show how too great a devotion to one particular metaphor can lead to theoretical distortions and to undesirable practices.
Abstract: This article is a sequel to the conversation on learning initiated by the editors of Educational Researcher in volume 25, number 4. The author’s first aim is to elicit the metaphors for learning that guide our work as learners, teachers, and researchers. Two such metaphors are identified: the acquisition metaphor and the participation metaphor. Subsequently, their entailments are discussed and evaluated. Although some of the implications are deemed desirable and others are regarded as harmful, the article neither speaks against a particular metaphor nor tries to make a case for the other. Rather, these interpretations and applications of the metaphors undergo critical evaluation. In the end, the question of theoretical unification of the research on learning is addressed, wherein the purpose is to show how too great a devotion to one particular metaphor can lead to theoretical distortions and to undesirable practices.
3,660 citations
TL;DR: Problematization is proposed as a methodology for identifying and challenging assumptions underlying existing literature and, based on that, formulating research questions that are likely to lead to more influential theories.
Abstract: It is increasingly recognized that what makes a theory interesting and influential is that it challenges our assumptions in some significant way. However, established ways for arriving at research questions mean spotting or constructing gaps in existing theories rather than challenging their assumptions. We propose problematization as a methodology for identifying and challenging assumptions underlying existing literature and, based on that, formulating research questions that are likely to lead to more influential theories.
1,126 citations