The archaeology of knowledge
01 Sep 1989-pp 227-260
TL;DR: We may not be able to make you love reading, but archaeology of knowledge will lead you to love reading starting from now as mentioned in this paper, and book is the window to open the new world.
Abstract: We may not be able to make you love reading, but archaeology of knowledge will lead you to love reading starting from now. Book is the window to open the new world. The world that you want is in the better stage and level. World will always guide you to even the prestige stage of the life. You know, this is some of how reading will give you the kindness. In this case, more books you read more knowledge you know, but it can mean also the bore is full.
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01 Jan 2013
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the role of history in modernity and history: the professional discipline, the turn towards science, and the need to defend the human factor and narrative.
Abstract: PART ONE: FOUNDATIONS: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORKS FOR KNOWLEDGE OF THE PAST - Nancy Partner Modernity and History: The Professional Discipline The Turn towards 'Science': Historians Delivering Untheorized Truth - Michael Bentley The Implications of Empiricism for History - Lutz Raphael The Case for Historical Imagination: Defending the Human Factor and Narrative - Jan van der Dussen The Annales School: Variations on Realism, Methods and Time - Joseph Tendler Intellectual History: From Ideas to Meanings - Donald R Kelley Social History: A New Kind of History - Brian Lewis Postmodernism: The Linguistic Turn and Historical Knowledge The Work of Hayden White I: Mimesis, Figuration, and the Writing of History - Robert Doran The Work of Hayden White II: Defamiliarizing Narrative - Kalle Pihlainen Derrida and Deconstruction: Challenges to the Transparency of Language - Robert M Stein The Return of Rhetoric - Hans Kellner Michel Foucault: The Unconscious of History and Culture - Clare O'Farrell History as Text: Narrative Theory and History - Ann Rigney The Boundaries of History and Fiction - Ann Curthoys and John Docker PART TWO: APPLICATIONS: THEORY-INTENSIVE AREAS OF HISTORY - Nancy Partner The Newest Social History: Crisis and Renewal - Brian Lewis Women's History/Feminist History - Judith P Zinsser Gender I: From Women's History to Gender History - Bonnie Smith Gender II: Masculinity Acquires a History - Karen Harvey Sexuality and History - Amy Richlin Psychoanalysis and the Making of History - Michael Roper New National Narratives - Kevin Foster Cultural Studies and History - Gilbert B Rodman Memory: Witness, Experience, Collective Meaning - Patrick H Hutton Postcolonial Theory and History - Benjamin Zachariah PART THREE: CODA. POST-POSTMODERNISM: DIRECTIONS AND INTERROGATIONS - Nancy Partner Post-Positivist Realism: Regrounding Representation - John H Zammito Historical Experience beyond the Linguistic Turn - Frank Ankersmit Photographs: Reading the Image for History - Judith Keilbach Digital Information: 'Let a hundred flowers bloom...' Is Digital a Cultural Revolution? - Valerie Johnson and David Thomas Recovering the Self: Agency after Deconstruction - David Gary Shaw The Fundamental Things Apply: Aristotle's Narrative Theory and the Classical Origins of Postmodern History - Nancy Partner
122 citations
Cites background from "The archaeology of knowledge"
...17 (quotations pp. 288, 290) and passim; idem, Primitive Rebels: Studies in Archaic Forms of Social Movement in the 19th and 20th Centuries (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1959); idem, Labouring Men: Studies in the History of Labour (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1964); idem, Bandits (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1969); idem and George Rudé, Captain Swing (London: Lawrence and Wishart, 1969)....
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...87 Foucault, The Order of Things, 158; Foucault, The Archaeology, 126–31....
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...99 Foucault, The Archaeology, 12....
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...72 Foucault, The Archaeology, 176....
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...14 Michel Foucault, The Birth of the Clinic: An Archaeology of Medical Perception, trans....
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TL;DR: In this paper, Foucault's work marks an important break with conventional ontological dualism, epistemological realism and rationalist and intentional notions of individual action and human agency.
Abstract: Michel Foucault's work marks an important break with conventional ontological dualism, epistemological realism and rationalist and intentional notions of individual action and human agency. In thes...
122 citations
Cites background from "The archaeology of knowledge"
...(Foucault cited in Eribon, 1991: 161) Despite Foucault’s objections, this curiously hyperbolic and disjointed rejection of any notion of a subject-centred vision of the world has strong transcendent resonances as a counter-memory against Enlightenment rationalism (Habermas, 1987)....
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that we need to think more openly about what we mean by "the visual" and place research into visual representations of the environment into the wider trajectory of visual studies research.
Abstract: In 2008, we published a journal paper arguing that while scholarly work on media representations of environmental issues had made substantial progress in textual analysis, there had been much less work on visual representations. This special edition has a number of aims in this respect. It seeks to mark out where there has been progress since 2008, and the papers in this collection represent some of the fresh and exciting high quality scholarly work now emerging on an expanding number of topics and using different methods. We argue that we need to think more openly about what we mean by “the visual.” We begin by placing research into visual representations of the environment into the wider trajectory of visual studies research. We then proceed to review key trends in visual environmental communication research and to delineate core dimensions, contexts and sites of visual analysis.
121 citations
Cites background from "The archaeology of knowledge"
...And many scholars, influenced also by the ideas of Foucault (1972), began to think about the way that the interests of the powerful can be naturalized through the dissemination of particular kinds of images that foster specific kinds of ideas, values and identities that favor the world of corporate…...
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TL;DR: The authors explored the relationships between community expectations and the individual writer, using a corpus approach to recover evidence for repeated patterns of language which encode disciplinary preferences for different points of view, argument styles, attitudes to knowledge, and relationships between individuals.
121 citations
Cites background from "The archaeology of knowledge"
...Some writers question whether there is an unchanging self which loiters behind such discourse and suggest that identity is a performance (e.g. Butler, 1990) while others see identity as the product of dominant discourses tied to institutional practices (Foucault, 1972)....
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an alternative approach, one that views persons with dementia as equal partners in the decision-making process, based on their experience working directly with persons living with dementia, family members and professionals.
Abstract: In the 1940s, Carl Rogers introduced the notion of a client-centred or person-centred approach, originally called the ‘non-directive approach’. Over the past several decades, however, we have lost sight of the true intent behind Roger's relational approach, settling instead on well-intended but often paternalistic approaches that place patients or clients at the centre of care, but rarely, if ever, actively involve them in decision-making. This is no more apparent than in the case of persons living with Alzheimer's disease and other related dementias who, due to the stigma and misunderstanding surrounding dementia, are often assumed to lack the capacity to be involved in their own care and the care of others. Drawing on our experience working directly with persons with dementia, family members and professionals, and systematic research on a number of mutual partnership initiatives, the purpose of this paper is to present an alternative approach, one that views persons with dementia as equal partners in th...
121 citations
Cites background from "The archaeology of knowledge"
...Documented observations from such surveillance come to define the behaviours and ultimately the identities of persons with dementia, often perpetuating the deficit account even further (Foucault, 1977, 1997)....
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References
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Book•
18 Jul 2003
TL;DR: Part 1: Social Analysis, Discourse Analysis, Text Analysis 1. Introduction 2. Texts, Social Events, and Social Practices 3. Intertextuality and Assumptions Part 2: Genres and Action 4. Genres 5. Meaning Relations between Sentences and Clauses 6. Discourses 8. Representations of Social Events Part 4: Styles and Identities 9. Modality and Evaluation 11. Conclusion
Abstract: Part 1: Social Analysis, Discourse Analysis, Text Analysis 1. Introduction 2. Texts, Social Events, and Social Practices 3. Intertextuality and Assumptions Part 2: Genres and Action 4. Genres 5. Meaning Relations between Sentences and Clauses 6. Types of Exchange, Speech Functions, and Grammatical Mood Part 3: Discourses and Representations 7. Discourses 8. Representations of Social Events Part 4: Styles and Identities 9. Styles 10. Modality and Evaluation 11. Conclusion
6,407 citations
TL;DR: A set of principles for the conduct and evaluation of interpretive field research in information systems is proposed, along with their philosophical rationale, and the usefulness of the principles is illustrated by evaluating three publishedinterpretive field studies drawn from the IS research literature.
Abstract: This article discusses the conduct and evaluatoin of interpretive research in information systems. While the conventions for evaluating information systems case studies conducted according to the natural science model of social science are now widely accepted, this is not the case for interpretive field studies. A set of principles for the conduct and evaluation of interpretive field research in information systems is proposed, along with their philosophical rationale. The usefulness of the principles is illustrated by evaluating three published interpretive field studies drawn from the IS research literature. The intention of the paper is to further reflect and debate on the important subject of grounding interpretive research methodology.
5,588 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1999
TL;DR: In Sorting Things Out, Bowker and Star as mentioned in this paper explore the role of categories and standards in shaping the modern world and examine how categories are made and kept invisible, and how people can change this invisibility when necessary.
Abstract: What do a seventeenth-century mortality table (whose causes of death include "fainted in a bath," "frighted," and "itch"); the identification of South Africans during apartheid as European, Asian, colored, or black; and the separation of machine- from hand-washables have in common? All are examples of classification -- the scaffolding of information infrastructures. In Sorting Things Out, Geoffrey C. Bowker and Susan Leigh Star explore the role of categories and standards in shaping the modern world. In a clear and lively style, they investigate a variety of classification systems, including the International Classification of Diseases, the Nursing Interventions Classification, race classification under apartheid in South Africa, and the classification of viruses and of tuberculosis. The authors emphasize the role of invisibility in the process by which classification orders human interaction. They examine how categories are made and kept invisible, and how people can change this invisibility when necessary. They also explore systems of classification as part of the built information environment. Much as an urban historian would review highway permits and zoning decisions to tell a city's story, the authors review archives of classification design to understand how decisions have been made. Sorting Things Out has a moral agenda, for each standard and category valorizes some point of view and silences another. Standards and classifications produce advantage or suffering. Jobs are made and lost; some regions benefit at the expense of others. How these choices are made and how we think about that process are at the moral and political core of this work. The book is an important empirical source for understanding the building of information infrastructures.
4,480 citations
TL;DR: In this article, two such metaphors are identified: the acquisition metaphor and the participation metaphor, and their entailments are discussed and evaluated, and the question of theoretical unification of research on learning is addressed, wherein the purpose is to show how too great a devotion to one particular metaphor can lead to theoretical distortions and to undesirable practices.
Abstract: This article is a sequel to the conversation on learning initiated by the editors of Educational Researcher in volume 25, number 4. The author’s first aim is to elicit the metaphors for learning that guide our work as learners, teachers, and researchers. Two such metaphors are identified: the acquisition metaphor and the participation metaphor. Subsequently, their entailments are discussed and evaluated. Although some of the implications are deemed desirable and others are regarded as harmful, the article neither speaks against a particular metaphor nor tries to make a case for the other. Rather, these interpretations and applications of the metaphors undergo critical evaluation. In the end, the question of theoretical unification of the research on learning is addressed, wherein the purpose is to show how too great a devotion to one particular metaphor can lead to theoretical distortions and to undesirable practices.
3,660 citations
TL;DR: Problematization is proposed as a methodology for identifying and challenging assumptions underlying existing literature and, based on that, formulating research questions that are likely to lead to more influential theories.
Abstract: It is increasingly recognized that what makes a theory interesting and influential is that it challenges our assumptions in some significant way. However, established ways for arriving at research questions mean spotting or constructing gaps in existing theories rather than challenging their assumptions. We propose problematization as a methodology for identifying and challenging assumptions underlying existing literature and, based on that, formulating research questions that are likely to lead to more influential theories.
1,126 citations