The archaeology of knowledge
01 Sep 1989-pp 227-260
TL;DR: We may not be able to make you love reading, but archaeology of knowledge will lead you to love reading starting from now as mentioned in this paper, and book is the window to open the new world.
Abstract: We may not be able to make you love reading, but archaeology of knowledge will lead you to love reading starting from now. Book is the window to open the new world. The world that you want is in the better stage and level. World will always guide you to even the prestige stage of the life. You know, this is some of how reading will give you the kindness. In this case, more books you read more knowledge you know, but it can mean also the bore is full.
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TL;DR: A review of the approach to integrating history into organization studies can be found in this article, where the authors explore its paths and paths to success and failure in the field of organizational studies.
Abstract: Research on the “uses of the past” in organizations and organizing is flourishing. This introduction reviews this approach to integrating history into organization studies and explores its paths fo...
93 citations
Cites background from "The archaeology of knowledge"
...legitimacy, and power in the present (Foucault, 1972; Said, 1978; Wolf, 1982)....
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...…shaped the critical examination of who such forms of knowledge represented and who it left out (Appleby, Hunt, & Jacob, 1994), as well as the implications of how such historical representations shaped perceptions, legitimacy, and power in the present (Foucault, 1972; Said, 1978; Wolf, 1982)....
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TL;DR: This article examined the use and value of archives, manuscripts and especially, translator papers, post-hoc accounts and interviews in producing a history of translation and translators, and underlined the potential value of such material in creating a microhistory, reclaiming the details of the everyday lives and working processes of sometimes little-known or forgotten translators.
Abstract: In descriptive studies, where the source and target texts are the main primary sources (‘primary text products’), ‘extra-textual’ sources are looked at with ‘circumspection’. However, in historical research methodologies they are central. This article examines the use and value of archives, manuscripts and, especially, translator papers, post-hoc accounts and interviews in producing a history of translation and translators. Rather than informing a ‘traditional’ Rankean history of facts and major personalities, the article underlines the potential value of such material in creating a ‘microhistory’, reclaiming the details of the everyday lives and working processes of sometimes little-known or forgotten translators and contextualising them to construct a social and cultural history of translation and translators. Sometimes these sources are housed in collections where translation may not be very visible, which creates problems of location. Examples are given from the autobiography of A. Birse and research ...
93 citations
Cites background from "The archaeology of knowledge"
...…itself is a ‘locus of power’ (Claus and Marriott 2012, 386): first, because the choice of what is to be retained in an official archive is subject to the decision-making of curators and other professionals, who wield considerable institutional power (ibid., 388, drawing on Foucault 1969/2002)....
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TL;DR: This paper examined the ways in which strategic ambiguity in the use of keywords served an enabling function within a discourse marked by conflict and found that ambiguity served as a useful enabling function for discourse.
Abstract: In this article we examined the ways in which strategic ambiguity (Eisenberg, 1984) in the use of keywords (Williams, 1976/1983) served an enabling function within a discourse marked by conflict an...
92 citations
Cites background from "The archaeology of knowledge"
...The study of discourse is here understood to mean the analysis of interrelated sets of texts that ‘systematically form the objects of which they speak’ (Foucault, 1972: 49)....
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TL;DR: In this article, the author argues that the pursuit of objectivity per se is not the biggest roadblock to producing critical knowledge, but rather, problems of subjectivity are rooted in the larger issue of emotional detachment, which is facilitated by academic armor.
Abstract: Although critiques of objectivity have been vast, and experimental, postmodern approaches have been important and inspiring, the author argues that the pursuit of objectivity per se is not the biggest roadblock to producing critical knowledge. Rather, problems of objectivity are rooted in the larger issue of emotional detachment, which is facilitated by academic armor. Emotional detachment is implicit in the standard scientific method, but such detachment can also be found in some postmodern approaches. In both cases, the academic’s expert jurisdiction is preserved. In contrast, emotionally engaged, subjective experiences ignite one’s work with passion and make one more invested in institutionalizing the truth of one’s informants. Yet, emotionally engaged reflections alone are not enough to sustain an effective cultural and institutional critique. For this, one needs comparisons that can be observed and verified on interpersonal, organizational, and structural levels. I’ve been checking out the woman for 2 days: her shaved temples dancing with ornate tattoos, long black tresses sprouting from the remainder of her scalp. In her ears, silver hoops are everywhere, leaving only small glimpses of cartilage. Her skin is olive, draped in flowing black garments. Her sharp eyes, nose, cheeks, and chin pierce the surrounding atmosphere. She is a creature. Suddenly, powerfully, I feel her steely eyes turn, gaze, and hold on me. I slow my gait, stop, smile, and wait. “Enjoying yourself?” Her low, slow voice targets me. She is alone, standing in a hallway, although she might also be perched on a throne. I answer her as a respectful subject, with a gushing compliment: “Yes, very much s o...I just have to tell yo u... you’re very beautiful. I like your look. Where are you from?” She is from Toronto, her name is Mis
92 citations
Cites background from "The archaeology of knowledge"
...In the humanities and anthropology, their critiques have been placed at center stage under the rubric of postmodernism: a tradition that examines the politics of language and truth or “discourse” (Foucault, 1972)....
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TL;DR: The smart city encompasses a broad range of technological innovations which might be applied to any city for a wide variety of reasons as discussed by the authors, and they make a distinction between local efforts t...
Abstract: The smart city encompasses a broad range of technological innovations which might be applied to any city for a wide variety of reasons. In this article, I make a distinction between local efforts t ...
92 citations
References
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Book•
18 Jul 2003
TL;DR: Part 1: Social Analysis, Discourse Analysis, Text Analysis 1. Introduction 2. Texts, Social Events, and Social Practices 3. Intertextuality and Assumptions Part 2: Genres and Action 4. Genres 5. Meaning Relations between Sentences and Clauses 6. Discourses 8. Representations of Social Events Part 4: Styles and Identities 9. Modality and Evaluation 11. Conclusion
Abstract: Part 1: Social Analysis, Discourse Analysis, Text Analysis 1. Introduction 2. Texts, Social Events, and Social Practices 3. Intertextuality and Assumptions Part 2: Genres and Action 4. Genres 5. Meaning Relations between Sentences and Clauses 6. Types of Exchange, Speech Functions, and Grammatical Mood Part 3: Discourses and Representations 7. Discourses 8. Representations of Social Events Part 4: Styles and Identities 9. Styles 10. Modality and Evaluation 11. Conclusion
6,407 citations
TL;DR: A set of principles for the conduct and evaluation of interpretive field research in information systems is proposed, along with their philosophical rationale, and the usefulness of the principles is illustrated by evaluating three publishedinterpretive field studies drawn from the IS research literature.
Abstract: This article discusses the conduct and evaluatoin of interpretive research in information systems. While the conventions for evaluating information systems case studies conducted according to the natural science model of social science are now widely accepted, this is not the case for interpretive field studies. A set of principles for the conduct and evaluation of interpretive field research in information systems is proposed, along with their philosophical rationale. The usefulness of the principles is illustrated by evaluating three published interpretive field studies drawn from the IS research literature. The intention of the paper is to further reflect and debate on the important subject of grounding interpretive research methodology.
5,588 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1999
TL;DR: In Sorting Things Out, Bowker and Star as mentioned in this paper explore the role of categories and standards in shaping the modern world and examine how categories are made and kept invisible, and how people can change this invisibility when necessary.
Abstract: What do a seventeenth-century mortality table (whose causes of death include "fainted in a bath," "frighted," and "itch"); the identification of South Africans during apartheid as European, Asian, colored, or black; and the separation of machine- from hand-washables have in common? All are examples of classification -- the scaffolding of information infrastructures. In Sorting Things Out, Geoffrey C. Bowker and Susan Leigh Star explore the role of categories and standards in shaping the modern world. In a clear and lively style, they investigate a variety of classification systems, including the International Classification of Diseases, the Nursing Interventions Classification, race classification under apartheid in South Africa, and the classification of viruses and of tuberculosis. The authors emphasize the role of invisibility in the process by which classification orders human interaction. They examine how categories are made and kept invisible, and how people can change this invisibility when necessary. They also explore systems of classification as part of the built information environment. Much as an urban historian would review highway permits and zoning decisions to tell a city's story, the authors review archives of classification design to understand how decisions have been made. Sorting Things Out has a moral agenda, for each standard and category valorizes some point of view and silences another. Standards and classifications produce advantage or suffering. Jobs are made and lost; some regions benefit at the expense of others. How these choices are made and how we think about that process are at the moral and political core of this work. The book is an important empirical source for understanding the building of information infrastructures.
4,480 citations
TL;DR: In this article, two such metaphors are identified: the acquisition metaphor and the participation metaphor, and their entailments are discussed and evaluated, and the question of theoretical unification of research on learning is addressed, wherein the purpose is to show how too great a devotion to one particular metaphor can lead to theoretical distortions and to undesirable practices.
Abstract: This article is a sequel to the conversation on learning initiated by the editors of Educational Researcher in volume 25, number 4. The author’s first aim is to elicit the metaphors for learning that guide our work as learners, teachers, and researchers. Two such metaphors are identified: the acquisition metaphor and the participation metaphor. Subsequently, their entailments are discussed and evaluated. Although some of the implications are deemed desirable and others are regarded as harmful, the article neither speaks against a particular metaphor nor tries to make a case for the other. Rather, these interpretations and applications of the metaphors undergo critical evaluation. In the end, the question of theoretical unification of the research on learning is addressed, wherein the purpose is to show how too great a devotion to one particular metaphor can lead to theoretical distortions and to undesirable practices.
3,660 citations
TL;DR: Problematization is proposed as a methodology for identifying and challenging assumptions underlying existing literature and, based on that, formulating research questions that are likely to lead to more influential theories.
Abstract: It is increasingly recognized that what makes a theory interesting and influential is that it challenges our assumptions in some significant way. However, established ways for arriving at research questions mean spotting or constructing gaps in existing theories rather than challenging their assumptions. We propose problematization as a methodology for identifying and challenging assumptions underlying existing literature and, based on that, formulating research questions that are likely to lead to more influential theories.
1,126 citations