The archaeology of knowledge
01 Sep 1989-pp 227-260
TL;DR: We may not be able to make you love reading, but archaeology of knowledge will lead you to love reading starting from now as mentioned in this paper, and book is the window to open the new world.
Abstract: We may not be able to make you love reading, but archaeology of knowledge will lead you to love reading starting from now. Book is the window to open the new world. The world that you want is in the better stage and level. World will always guide you to even the prestige stage of the life. You know, this is some of how reading will give you the kindness. In this case, more books you read more knowledge you know, but it can mean also the bore is full.
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TL;DR: In the case of fire management in the Gran Sabana, Venezuela, a project of policy science draws on selected scientific knowledge and emphasizes remote sensing and quantitative analysis at the expense of indigenous knowledge and prescriptive burning practices.
69 citations
Cites background from "The archaeology of knowledge"
...Ultimately, certain knowledges are privileged in planning institutions because they fit the rules of what counts as ‘‘true’’ knowledge production (Foucault, 1972, 1980)....
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...Ultimately, certain knowledges are privileged in planning institutions because they fit the rules of what counts as ‘‘true’’ knowledge production ( Foucault, 1972, 1980 )....
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TL;DR: The authors argue for the importance of a coherent and rigoro-criticized discourse analysis in social work texts. But they do not discuss the use of discourse analysis for discourse analysis within social work.
Abstract: • Summary: This article critically engages with the usage and appropriations of discourse analysis in certain critical social work texts. Through arguing for the importance of a coherent and rigoro...
69 citations
Cites background or methods from "The archaeology of knowledge"
...Archaeology as Discourse Analysis Foucault presents archaeology as the analysis of discourse....
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...If discourse is synonymous with narrative then a critical reflection on the role of the individual within this narrative makes sense, but an archaeological understanding of discourse, following Foucault, deprives the subject of the role of the originator of meaning. Critical reflection would within this archaeological framework become a nonsensical analytical method. Deconstruction can likewise be understood as a very different form of analysis. Fook (2002) does not make explicit from where she has taken this term, but it is commonly associated with Derrida who describes deconstruction as reversing the hierarchy within a binary in order to displace the existing system:...
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...The Use of Discourse in Current Social Work Literature This section examines some of the varying uses and meanings attributed to discourse, including language, narrative, and framework, and discourse analysis, including deconstruction and critical reflection, in the writings of Healy and Fook, in order to highlight the implications this has for social work research....
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...However, even within a discipline the term ‘discourse’ has no stable meaning: Habermas and Foucault are not referring to the same social phenomena in their separate discussions of the concept of discourse. Rather, whereas Habermas’s conception of discourse involves a focus on communication and intersubjectivity, Foucault’s archaeological description of discourse is not concerned with what is being said, but how it is possible to speak of anything at all. Similarly, discourse analysis within the social sciences spans a variety of disciplines and research activities. Thus, a range of approaches to discourse analysis have developed in line with various research concerns, underpinned by different conceptions of ‘discourse’, varying emphases on language and text within the analyses, and divergences in the treatment of the role (and importance) of the speaker. Taylor (2001) outlines four general approaches to discourse analysis with these variations in mind, noting that discourse analysis may refer to the close analysis of language as a system; an analysis of language as a form of interaction; an interest in a topic or activity analysed through language or text; or an interest in wider social and cultural processes identified through language/text, leading to an analysis of what social effects these might have....
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...Fairclough, N. (1992) Discourse and Social Change....
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01 Jan 2001
TL;DR: Based on 15 months of fieldwork in three Basarwa villages on the northern periphery of the Okavango Delta, Botswana, this article explored the dynamics, meanings and implications of different local and national conceptions of what ''development'' in this area should entail, and focused on efforts by Basaraa to fashion a better ''life'' for themselves, as well as on the policies and programmes of various agencies of the Botswana government.
Abstract: Based on 15 months of fieldwork in three Basarwa villages on the northern periphery of the Okavango Delta, Botswana, this thesis is a study of the indeterminate yet universally powerful notion of `development'. It explores the dynamics, meanings and implications of different local and national conceptions of what `development' in this area should entail, and focuses on efforts by Basarwa to fashion a better `life' for themselves, as well as on the policies and programmes of various agencies of the Botswana government. Basarwa have attracted much anthropological interest, which has often been based on assumptions as to their status as ̀ hunter-gatherers'. This author instead views their ethnicity as a key set of symbols and practices, which have structured the nature of their participation in official development programmes. He contextualises contemporary development interventions within the framework of a much longer historical process of alienation from political and economic processes in the region. Of particular importance has been their loss of control over land and wildlife, central markers of their ethnicity. The principle context in which these themes are explored is the Community Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM) programme, an initiative increasingly common to African governments, that claims to decentralise management of natural resources to rural residents. Despite these aims, the author shows that in practice CBNRM on the Okavango fringe has so far served in certain ways to achieve exactly the opposite. Nonetheless, many Basarwa have taken the introduction of CBNRM as an opportunity to reverse the trend of alienation by asserting their rights to land and the resources on it, as well as the power to manage them according to their own priorities. In bringing the themes of ethnicity and development together, the author concludes by suggesting means by which CBNRM could better accommodate local-level diversity, and be used to meet the overlapping goals of the government, tourism, conservation, and Basarwa themselves.
69 citations
TL;DR: The authors argue that the media coverage of Enron and WorldCom scandals is rooted in a common set of taken-for-granted assumptions as to the nature, form, and operation of financial markets.
Abstract: While the novelty of Enron and WorldCom as corporate scandals should not be overstated, these events are distinguished by the sheer volume of media coverage that followed in their wake Drawing from an analysis of over 300 newspaper and magazine articles, this article argues that while this media coverage varies in its diagnosis of the scandals, it is rooted in a common set of taken-for-granted assumptions as to the nature, form, and operation of financial markets These various points of complementarity suggest that the coverage of the scandals is less significant as an exercise in collective sense-making than as a re-investment in a particular market discourse, a form of financial intelligibility germane to the scandals themselves and instructive vis-a-vis the future study of corporate and white-collar crime
69 citations
TL;DR: Cognitive Remediation Therapy may be helpful in reducing perfectionism and rigidity and preparing patients for involvement in later psychological interventions, and is a promising component in the treatment of anorexia nervosa.
Abstract: Objective: There is little evidence toguide the treatment of anorexia nervosa(AN). Cognitive Remediation Therapy(CRT) may be helpful in reducing perfec-tionism and rigidity and preparingpatients for involvement in later psycho-logical interventions. The aim of thisstudy was to examine service users’ expe-riences of participating in CRT.Method: Written feedback, following10 CRT sessions, from 19 AN patientswas analyzed using grounded theoryapproach.Results: Patients’ feedback was gener-ally positive. They found CRT refreshingand appreciated that it did not revolvearound food. Patients found CRT helpfulin reducing perfectionism and rigidity.The majority expressed how they wereable to implement skills in their real life.Some changes were suggested, theseincluded varying levels of difficulty andmore guidance in implementing skills.Conclusion: CRT is a promising compo-nent in the treatment of AN. Furtherresearch is being conducted to evaluateCRT. VV C 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Keywords: anorexia; cognitive exercise;remediation; service users; qualitativestudy(Int J Eat Disord 2008; 41:542–550)
69 citations
References
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Book•
18 Jul 2003
TL;DR: Part 1: Social Analysis, Discourse Analysis, Text Analysis 1. Introduction 2. Texts, Social Events, and Social Practices 3. Intertextuality and Assumptions Part 2: Genres and Action 4. Genres 5. Meaning Relations between Sentences and Clauses 6. Discourses 8. Representations of Social Events Part 4: Styles and Identities 9. Modality and Evaluation 11. Conclusion
Abstract: Part 1: Social Analysis, Discourse Analysis, Text Analysis 1. Introduction 2. Texts, Social Events, and Social Practices 3. Intertextuality and Assumptions Part 2: Genres and Action 4. Genres 5. Meaning Relations between Sentences and Clauses 6. Types of Exchange, Speech Functions, and Grammatical Mood Part 3: Discourses and Representations 7. Discourses 8. Representations of Social Events Part 4: Styles and Identities 9. Styles 10. Modality and Evaluation 11. Conclusion
6,407 citations
TL;DR: A set of principles for the conduct and evaluation of interpretive field research in information systems is proposed, along with their philosophical rationale, and the usefulness of the principles is illustrated by evaluating three publishedinterpretive field studies drawn from the IS research literature.
Abstract: This article discusses the conduct and evaluatoin of interpretive research in information systems. While the conventions for evaluating information systems case studies conducted according to the natural science model of social science are now widely accepted, this is not the case for interpretive field studies. A set of principles for the conduct and evaluation of interpretive field research in information systems is proposed, along with their philosophical rationale. The usefulness of the principles is illustrated by evaluating three published interpretive field studies drawn from the IS research literature. The intention of the paper is to further reflect and debate on the important subject of grounding interpretive research methodology.
5,588 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1999
TL;DR: In Sorting Things Out, Bowker and Star as mentioned in this paper explore the role of categories and standards in shaping the modern world and examine how categories are made and kept invisible, and how people can change this invisibility when necessary.
Abstract: What do a seventeenth-century mortality table (whose causes of death include "fainted in a bath," "frighted," and "itch"); the identification of South Africans during apartheid as European, Asian, colored, or black; and the separation of machine- from hand-washables have in common? All are examples of classification -- the scaffolding of information infrastructures. In Sorting Things Out, Geoffrey C. Bowker and Susan Leigh Star explore the role of categories and standards in shaping the modern world. In a clear and lively style, they investigate a variety of classification systems, including the International Classification of Diseases, the Nursing Interventions Classification, race classification under apartheid in South Africa, and the classification of viruses and of tuberculosis. The authors emphasize the role of invisibility in the process by which classification orders human interaction. They examine how categories are made and kept invisible, and how people can change this invisibility when necessary. They also explore systems of classification as part of the built information environment. Much as an urban historian would review highway permits and zoning decisions to tell a city's story, the authors review archives of classification design to understand how decisions have been made. Sorting Things Out has a moral agenda, for each standard and category valorizes some point of view and silences another. Standards and classifications produce advantage or suffering. Jobs are made and lost; some regions benefit at the expense of others. How these choices are made and how we think about that process are at the moral and political core of this work. The book is an important empirical source for understanding the building of information infrastructures.
4,480 citations
TL;DR: In this article, two such metaphors are identified: the acquisition metaphor and the participation metaphor, and their entailments are discussed and evaluated, and the question of theoretical unification of research on learning is addressed, wherein the purpose is to show how too great a devotion to one particular metaphor can lead to theoretical distortions and to undesirable practices.
Abstract: This article is a sequel to the conversation on learning initiated by the editors of Educational Researcher in volume 25, number 4. The author’s first aim is to elicit the metaphors for learning that guide our work as learners, teachers, and researchers. Two such metaphors are identified: the acquisition metaphor and the participation metaphor. Subsequently, their entailments are discussed and evaluated. Although some of the implications are deemed desirable and others are regarded as harmful, the article neither speaks against a particular metaphor nor tries to make a case for the other. Rather, these interpretations and applications of the metaphors undergo critical evaluation. In the end, the question of theoretical unification of the research on learning is addressed, wherein the purpose is to show how too great a devotion to one particular metaphor can lead to theoretical distortions and to undesirable practices.
3,660 citations
TL;DR: Problematization is proposed as a methodology for identifying and challenging assumptions underlying existing literature and, based on that, formulating research questions that are likely to lead to more influential theories.
Abstract: It is increasingly recognized that what makes a theory interesting and influential is that it challenges our assumptions in some significant way. However, established ways for arriving at research questions mean spotting or constructing gaps in existing theories rather than challenging their assumptions. We propose problematization as a methodology for identifying and challenging assumptions underlying existing literature and, based on that, formulating research questions that are likely to lead to more influential theories.
1,126 citations