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Book ChapterDOI

The archaeology of knowledge

01 Sep 1989-pp 227-260
TL;DR: We may not be able to make you love reading, but archaeology of knowledge will lead you to love reading starting from now as mentioned in this paper, and book is the window to open the new world.
Abstract: We may not be able to make you love reading, but archaeology of knowledge will lead you to love reading starting from now. Book is the window to open the new world. The world that you want is in the better stage and level. World will always guide you to even the prestige stage of the life. You know, this is some of how reading will give you the kindness. In this case, more books you read more knowledge you know, but it can mean also the bore is full.
Citations
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Book
18 Jul 2003
TL;DR: Part 1: Social Analysis, Discourse Analysis, Text Analysis 1. Introduction 2. Texts, Social Events, and Social Practices 3. Intertextuality and Assumptions Part 2: Genres and Action 4. Genres 5. Meaning Relations between Sentences and Clauses 6. Discourses 8. Representations of Social Events Part 4: Styles and Identities 9. Modality and Evaluation 11. Conclusion
Abstract: Part 1: Social Analysis, Discourse Analysis, Text Analysis 1. Introduction 2. Texts, Social Events, and Social Practices 3. Intertextuality and Assumptions Part 2: Genres and Action 4. Genres 5. Meaning Relations between Sentences and Clauses 6. Types of Exchange, Speech Functions, and Grammatical Mood Part 3: Discourses and Representations 7. Discourses 8. Representations of Social Events Part 4: Styles and Identities 9. Styles 10. Modality and Evaluation 11. Conclusion

6,407 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A set of principles for the conduct and evaluation of interpretive field research in information systems is proposed, along with their philosophical rationale, and the usefulness of the principles is illustrated by evaluating three publishedinterpretive field studies drawn from the IS research literature.
Abstract: This article discusses the conduct and evaluatoin of interpretive research in information systems. While the conventions for evaluating information systems case studies conducted according to the natural science model of social science are now widely accepted, this is not the case for interpretive field studies. A set of principles for the conduct and evaluation of interpretive field research in information systems is proposed, along with their philosophical rationale. The usefulness of the principles is illustrated by evaluating three published interpretive field studies drawn from the IS research literature. The intention of the paper is to further reflect and debate on the important subject of grounding interpretive research methodology.

5,588 citations

Book
01 Jan 1999
TL;DR: In Sorting Things Out, Bowker and Star as mentioned in this paper explore the role of categories and standards in shaping the modern world and examine how categories are made and kept invisible, and how people can change this invisibility when necessary.
Abstract: What do a seventeenth-century mortality table (whose causes of death include "fainted in a bath," "frighted," and "itch"); the identification of South Africans during apartheid as European, Asian, colored, or black; and the separation of machine- from hand-washables have in common? All are examples of classification -- the scaffolding of information infrastructures. In Sorting Things Out, Geoffrey C. Bowker and Susan Leigh Star explore the role of categories and standards in shaping the modern world. In a clear and lively style, they investigate a variety of classification systems, including the International Classification of Diseases, the Nursing Interventions Classification, race classification under apartheid in South Africa, and the classification of viruses and of tuberculosis. The authors emphasize the role of invisibility in the process by which classification orders human interaction. They examine how categories are made and kept invisible, and how people can change this invisibility when necessary. They also explore systems of classification as part of the built information environment. Much as an urban historian would review highway permits and zoning decisions to tell a city's story, the authors review archives of classification design to understand how decisions have been made. Sorting Things Out has a moral agenda, for each standard and category valorizes some point of view and silences another. Standards and classifications produce advantage or suffering. Jobs are made and lost; some regions benefit at the expense of others. How these choices are made and how we think about that process are at the moral and political core of this work. The book is an important empirical source for understanding the building of information infrastructures.

4,480 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Anna Sfard1
TL;DR: In this article, two such metaphors are identified: the acquisition metaphor and the participation metaphor, and their entailments are discussed and evaluated, and the question of theoretical unification of research on learning is addressed, wherein the purpose is to show how too great a devotion to one particular metaphor can lead to theoretical distortions and to undesirable practices.
Abstract: This article is a sequel to the conversation on learning initiated by the editors of Educational Researcher in volume 25, number 4. The author’s first aim is to elicit the metaphors for learning that guide our work as learners, teachers, and researchers. Two such metaphors are identified: the acquisition metaphor and the participation metaphor. Subsequently, their entailments are discussed and evaluated. Although some of the implications are deemed desirable and others are regarded as harmful, the article neither speaks against a particular metaphor nor tries to make a case for the other. Rather, these interpretations and applications of the metaphors undergo critical evaluation. In the end, the question of theoretical unification of the research on learning is addressed, wherein the purpose is to show how too great a devotion to one particular metaphor can lead to theoretical distortions and to undesirable practices.

3,660 citations


Cites background from "The archaeology of knowledge"

  • ...The theory of situated learning (Brown, Collins, & Duguid, 1989; Lave, 1988; Lave & Wenger, 1991), the discursive paradigm (Edwards & Potter, 1992; Foucault, 1972; Harre & Gillet, 1995), and the theory of distributed cognition (Salomon, 1993) are probably the best developed among them....

    [...]

  • ...The theory of situated learning (Brown, Collins & Duguid, 1989; Lave, 1988; Lave & Wenger, 1991), the discursive paradigm (Edwards & Potter, 1992; Foucault, 1972; Harre & Gillet, 1995), and the theory of distributed cognition (Salomon, 1993) are probably the best developed among them....

    [...]

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors combine the evolutionary perspective in economics with the reflexive turn from sociology to provide a richer understanding of how knowledge-based systems of innovation are shaped and reconstructed, whereas the institutional arrangements (e.g., national systems) can be expected to remain under reconstruction.
Abstract: The (neo-)evolutionary model of a Triple Helix of University-Industry-Government Relations focuses on the overlay of expectations, communications, and interactions that potentially feed back on the institutional arrangements among the carrying agencies. From this perspective, the evolutionary perspective in economics can be complemented with the reflexive turn from sociology. The combination provides a richer understanding of how knowledge-based systems of innovation are shaped and reconstructed. The communicative capacities of the carrying agents become crucial to the system's further development, whereas the institutional arrangements (e.g., national systems) can be expected to remain under reconstruction. The tension of the differentiation no longer needs to be resolved, since the network configurations are reproduced by means of translations among historically changing codes. Some methodological and epistemological implications for studying innovation systems are explicated.

1,615 citations

References
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01 Jan 2001
TL;DR: Based on 15 months of fieldwork in three Basarwa villages on the northern periphery of the Okavango Delta, Botswana, this article explored the dynamics, meanings and implications of different local and national conceptions of what ''development'' in this area should entail, and focused on efforts by Basaraa to fashion a better ''life'' for themselves, as well as on the policies and programmes of various agencies of the Botswana government.
Abstract: Based on 15 months of fieldwork in three Basarwa villages on the northern periphery of the Okavango Delta, Botswana, this thesis is a study of the indeterminate yet universally powerful notion of `development'. It explores the dynamics, meanings and implications of different local and national conceptions of what `development' in this area should entail, and focuses on efforts by Basarwa to fashion a better `life' for themselves, as well as on the policies and programmes of various agencies of the Botswana government. Basarwa have attracted much anthropological interest, which has often been based on assumptions as to their status as ̀ hunter-gatherers'. This author instead views their ethnicity as a key set of symbols and practices, which have structured the nature of their participation in official development programmes. He contextualises contemporary development interventions within the framework of a much longer historical process of alienation from political and economic processes in the region. Of particular importance has been their loss of control over land and wildlife, central markers of their ethnicity. The principle context in which these themes are explored is the Community Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM) programme, an initiative increasingly common to African governments, that claims to decentralise management of natural resources to rural residents. Despite these aims, the author shows that in practice CBNRM on the Okavango fringe has so far served in certain ways to achieve exactly the opposite. Nonetheless, many Basarwa have taken the introduction of CBNRM as an opportunity to reverse the trend of alienation by asserting their rights to land and the resources on it, as well as the power to manage them according to their own priorities. In bringing the themes of ethnicity and development together, the author concludes by suggesting means by which CBNRM could better accommodate local-level diversity, and be used to meet the overlapping goals of the government, tourism, conservation, and Basarwa themselves.

69 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors argue that the media coverage of Enron and WorldCom scandals is rooted in a common set of taken-for-granted assumptions as to the nature, form, and operation of financial markets.
Abstract: While the novelty of Enron and WorldCom as corporate scandals should not be overstated, these events are distinguished by the sheer volume of media coverage that followed in their wake Drawing from an analysis of over 300 newspaper and magazine articles, this article argues that while this media coverage varies in its diagnosis of the scandals, it is rooted in a common set of taken-for-granted assumptions as to the nature, form, and operation of financial markets These various points of complementarity suggest that the coverage of the scandals is less significant as an exercise in collective sense-making than as a re-investment in a particular market discourse, a form of financial intelligibility germane to the scandals themselves and instructive vis-a-vis the future study of corporate and white-collar crime

69 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Cognitive Remediation Therapy may be helpful in reducing perfectionism and rigidity and preparing patients for involvement in later psychological interventions, and is a promising component in the treatment of anorexia nervosa.
Abstract: Objective: There is little evidence toguide the treatment of anorexia nervosa(AN). Cognitive Remediation Therapy(CRT) may be helpful in reducing perfec-tionism and rigidity and preparingpatients for involvement in later psycho-logical interventions. The aim of thisstudy was to examine service users’ expe-riences of participating in CRT.Method: Written feedback, following10 CRT sessions, from 19 AN patientswas analyzed using grounded theoryapproach.Results: Patients’ feedback was gener-ally positive. They found CRT refreshingand appreciated that it did not revolvearound food. Patients found CRT helpfulin reducing perfectionism and rigidity.The majority expressed how they wereable to implement skills in their real life.Some changes were suggested, theseincluded varying levels of difficulty andmore guidance in implementing skills.Conclusion: CRT is a promising compo-nent in the treatment of AN. Furtherresearch is being conducted to evaluateCRT. VV C 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Keywords: anorexia; cognitive exercise;remediation; service users; qualitativestudy(Int J Eat Disord 2008; 41:542–550)

69 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors analyzes a relatively wide spectrum of academic texts (20 research articles, 20 handbook chapters, 20 scholarly textbook chapters, and 20 introductory textbook chapters) in applied linguistics to show the importance of establishing social relationships in academic arguments, and indicate how the social and institutional differences that underlie production and reception of different academic genres influence the ways metadiscourse is shaped in academic communication.
Abstract: Thanks to the recent developments in the theory of academic discourse analysis, it is now increasingly accepted that negotiation of academic knowledge is intimately related to the social practices of academic communities. To underpin this position and to reveal some of the ways this is achieved, this article analyzes a relatively wide spectrum of academic texts (20 research articles, 20 handbook chapters, 20 scholarly textbook chapters, and 20 introductory textbook chapters) in applied linguistics. The authors show here the importance of establishing social relationships in academic arguments, suggest some of the ways this is achieved, and indicate how the social and institutional differences that underlie production and reception of different academic genres influence the ways metadiscourse is shaped in academic communication.

69 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated climate-induced socio-psychological immobility and its link to Internally Displaced People's (IDPs) wellbeing in a slum of Bangladesh.
Abstract: The concept of Trapped Populations has until date mainly referred to people ‘trapped’ in environmentally high-risk rural areas due to economic constraints. This article attempts to widen our understanding of the concept by investigating climate-induced socio-psychological immobility and its link to Internally Displaced People’s (IDPs) wellbeing in a slum of Dhaka. People migrated here due to environmental changes back on Bhola Island and named the settlement Bhola Slum after their home. In this way, many found themselves ‘immobile’ after having been mobile—unable to move back home, and unable to move to other parts of Dhaka, Bangladesh, or beyond. The analysis incorporates the emotional and psychosocial aspects of the diverse immobility states. Mind and emotion are vital to better understand people’s (im)mobility decision-making and wellbeing status. The study applies an innovative and interdisciplinary methodological approach combining Q-methodology and discourse analysis (DA). This mixed-method illustrates a replicable approach to capture the complex state of climate-induced (im)mobility and its interlinkages to people’s wellbeing. People reported facing non-economic losses due to the move, such as identity, honour, sense of belonging and mental health. These psychosocial processes helped explain why some people ended up ‘trapped’ or immobile. The psychosocial constraints paralysed them mentally, as well as geographically. More empirical evidence on how climate change influences people’s wellbeing and mental health will be important to provide us with insights in how to best support vulnerable people having faced climatic impacts, and build more sustainable climate policy frameworks.

69 citations