The assessment and analysis of handedness: The Edinburgh inventory
TL;DR: An inventory of 20 items with a set of instructions and response- and computational-conventions is proposed and the results obtained from a young adult population numbering some 1100 individuals are reported.
About: This article is published in Neuropsychologia.The article was published on 1971-03-01. It has received 33268 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Population.
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TL;DR: These findings illustrate the utility of using facial behavior to verify the presence of emotion, are consistent with the notion of emotion-specific physiological patterning, and underscore the importance of anterior cerebral asymmetries for emotions associated with approach and withdrawal.
Abstract: In this experiment, we combined the measurement of observable facial behavior with simultaneous measures of brain electrical activity to assess patterns of hemispheric activation in different regions during the experience of happiness and disgust. Disgust was found to be associated with right-sided activation in the frontal and anterior temporal regions compared with the happy condition. Happiness was accompanied by left-sided activation in the anterior temporal region compared with disgust. No differences in asymmetry were found between emotions in the central and parietal regions. When data aggregated across positive films were compared to aggregate negative film data, no reliable differences in brain activity were found. These findings illustrate the utility of using facial behavior to verify the presence of emotion, are consistent with the notion of emotion-specific physiological patterning, and underscore the importance of anterior cerebral asymmetries for emotions associated with approach and withdrawal.
1,591 citations
Cites methods from "The assessment and analysis of hand..."
...A total of 37 right-handed (assessed with the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory; Oldfield, 1971) women between the ages of 17 and 41 years were tested....
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TL;DR: It is suggested that the supplementary motor areas are programming areas for motor subroutines and that these areas form a queue of time-ordered motor commands before voluntary movement are executed by way of the primary motor area.
Abstract: 1. Previous studies in man have revealed a coupling between the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and the regional cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen. In normal man, increases in the regional cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen leads to proportional increases in the rCBF(34). We have measured the rCBF as an expression of the level of cortical activity simultaneously from 254 cortical regions in 28 patients with no major neurological defects, during rest and during planning and execution of a few types of learned voluntary movements with the hand. 2. We found that the rCBF increases exclusively in the supplementary motor area while subjects were programming a sequence of fast isolated movements of individual fingers, without actually executing it. 3. During execution of the same motor sequence, there were equivalent increases of the rCBF in both supplementary motor areas, but only in the contralateral primary motor area. In addition, there were more modest rCBF increases in the contralateral sensory hand area, the convexity part of the premotor area, and bilaterally in the inferior frontal region. 4. Repetitive fast flexions of the same finger or a sustained isometric muscular contraction raise the blood flow in the contralateral primary motor and sensory hand area. 5. A pure somatosensory discrimination of the shapes of objects, without any concomitant voluntary movements, also leaves the supplementary motor areas silent. 6. We conclude that the primary motor area and the part of the motor system it projects to by itself can control ongoing simple ballistic movements with the self-same body part. A sequence of different isolated finger movements requires programming in the supplementary motor areas. We suggest that the supplementary motor areas are programming areas for motor subroutines and that these areas form a queue of time-ordered motor commands before voluntary movement are executed by way of the primary motor area.
1,468 citations
Cites methods from "The assessment and analysis of hand..."
...Three subjects were left handed, the rest right handed according to the Edinburgh inventory (24)....
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TL;DR: A novel approach for combining published neuroimaging results from multiple studies, designed to maximize the quantification of interstudy concordance while minimizing the subjective aspects of meta-analysis is described.
1,440 citations
Cites methods from "The assessment and analysis of hand..."
...All subjects were right-handed based on scores greater than 70 on the Edinburgh Handedness Scale (Oldfield, 1971)....
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...All subjects were right-handed based on scores greater than 70 on the Edinburgh Handedness Scale ( Oldfield, 1971 )....
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TL;DR: Electroencephalography data indicate that collateral modulations of posterior α-activity, the momentary bias of visuospatial attention, and imminent visual processing are linked, and suggest that the Momentary direction of attention, predicting spatial biases in imminent visualprocessing, can be estimated from a lateralization index of posterior β-activity.
Abstract: Covertly directing visual attention toward a spatial location in the absence of visual stimulation enhances future visual processing at the attended position. The neuronal correlates of these attention shifts involve modulation of neuronal "baseline" activity in early visual areas, presumably through top-down control from higher-order attentional systems. We used electroencephalography to study the largely unknown relationship between these neuronal modulations and behavioral outcome in an attention orienting paradigm. Covert visuospatial attention shifts to either a left or right peripheral position in the absence of visual stimulation resulted in differential modulations of oscillatory alpha-band (8-14 Hz) activity over left versus right posterior sites. These changes were driven by varying degrees of alpha-decreases being maximal contralateral to the attended position. When expressed as a lateralization index, these alpha-changes differed significantly between attention conditions, with negative values (alpha_right < alpha_left) indexing leftward and more positive values (alpha_left < or = alpha_right) indexing rightward attention. Moreover, this index appeared deterministic for processing of forthcoming visual targets. Collapsed over trials, there was an advantage for left target processing in accordance with an overall negative bias in alpha-index values. Across trials, left targets were detected most rapidly when preceded by negative index values. Detection of right targets was fastest in trials with most positive values. Our data indicate that collateral modulations of posterior alpha-activity, the momentary bias of visuospatial attention, and imminent visual processing are linked. They suggest that the momentary direction of attention, predicting spatial biases in imminent visual processing, can be estimated from a lateralization index of posterior alpha-activity.
1,394 citations
Cites background from "The assessment and analysis of hand..."
...Nine subjects were right-handed and one was ambidextrous (Oldfield, 1971)....
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TL;DR: Correlations to left hemisphere motor cortex, visual cortex, and amygdala are measured in long resting-state scans and these correlations are extended to lower sampling rate multislice echoplanar acquisitions and other right/left hemisphere-symmetric functional cortices.
1,373 citations
Cites background from "The assessment and analysis of hand..."
...All subjects scored higher than 180 on the Edinburgh Inventory ( Oldfield, 1971 ) and thus were considered to be strongly right-handed....
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References
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TL;DR: Right, mixed and left handers are found in binomial proportions in seven samples of varied subjects whose lateral preferences were ascertained by several methods.
Abstract: Right, mixed and left handers are found in binomial proportions in seven samples of varied subjects whose lateral prefernces were ascertained by several methods. These proportions have been obtained in previous studies of humans and animals when the performance of several actions has been recorded in complete samples and when consistent right and left subjects have been separated from those of mixed usage.
626 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1960
307 citations
"The assessment and analysis of hand..." refers background in this paper
...ZANGWILL'S [6] discussion of speech and handedness affords an apt illustration of this point....
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors made an inquiry by means of a questionnaire which included a "handedness inventory" into the prevalence of left-handedness among musicians, and the difficulties, if any, which lefthanders experienced in acquiring executant skills.
Abstract: An inquiry by means of a questionnaire which included a ‘handedness inventory’ was made into the prevalence of left-handedness among musicians, and the difficulties, if any, which lefthanders experienced in acquiring executant skills. It was found that left-handedness is neither less nor more common in the group of musicians studied than in a population of psychology undergraduates, and that left-handedness did not in general occasion any special difficulty. The left-handers adapted successfully to the ‘right-handedness’ of their instruments, the only substantial connexion in which left-handed practices were retained being in conducting. It is suggested on the basis of these findings that ‘right-handedness’ is less a matter of superior inherent ‘dexterity’ or the capacity for agility, precision and speed in the right hand than of closer, more immediate, availability of the right hand as the instrument of the individual's conceptions and intentions. It is further suggested that the especial function of the dominant cerebral hemisphere is to mediate between the executive intentions of the individual and his physical means of expressing them, whether through manual or vocal channels.
115 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: It is true that a few cases of this disease are seen from time to time in Australia; but the patients have been immigrants infected in their country of Orkney in the Mediterranean area.
Abstract: This little book is a review of and contribution to the subject of language and its relationship to cerebral dominance In general it emphasizes that in right-handed people language function is nearly regularly and fairly strictly localized to the left hemisphere In left-handed and clearly ambidextrous people there is still a tendency for language to be localized in the left hemisphere, but its localization is not as complete, and various language functions may escape in injury to one hemisphere Recovery tends to be more complete following acute lesions of the left hemisphere in predominantly left-handed individuals
64 citations
Journal Article•
44 citations
"The assessment and analysis of hand..." refers methods in this paper
...HUMPHREY, M. Handedness and Cerebral Dominance....
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...DUROST [2], HULL [3], HUMPHREY [4] and ANNETT [5]....
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...METHOD, PROCEDURE, SUBJECTS In the course of a search for left-handed musicians by OLDEIED [8] a modified version of HUMPHREY’S [4] inventory was used, twenty items being selected from it....
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...Inventories of this kind have been devised and used by a large number of previous workers, e.g. DUROST [2], HULL [3], HUMPHREY [4] and ANNETT [5]....
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