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The blockade of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy

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TLDR
Preliminary clinical findings with blockers of additional immune-checkpoint proteins, such as programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1), indicate broad and diverse opportunities to enhance antitumour immunity with the potential to produce durable clinical responses.
Abstract
Immune checkpoints refer to the plethora of inhibitory pathways that are crucial to maintaining self-tolerance. Tumour cells induce immune checkpoints to evade immunosurveillance. This Review discusses the progress in targeting immune checkpoints, the considerations for combinatorial therapy and the potential for additional immune-checkpoint targets.

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PD-1 and PD-L1 Immune Checkpoint Blockade to Treat Breast Cancer

TL;DR: This review summarizes the clinical efficacy, perspectives, and future challenges of using PD-1/PD-L1-directed antibodies in the treatment of breast cancer.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Control of Regulatory T Cell Development by the Transcription Factor Foxp3

TL;DR: Foxp3, which encodes a transcription factor that is genetically defective in an autoimmune and inflammatory syndrome in humans and mice, is specifically expressed in naturally arising CD4+ regulatory T cells and retroviral gene transfer of Foxp3 converts naïve T cells toward a regulatory T cell phenotype similar to that of naturally occurring CD4+.
Journal ArticleDOI

Foxp3 programs the development and function of CD4 + CD25 + regulatory T cells

TL;DR: It is reported that the forkhead transcription factor Foxp3 is specifically expressed in CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells and is required for their development and function and ectopic expression ofFoxp3 confers suppressor function on peripheral CD4-CD25− T cells.
Journal ArticleDOI

PD-1 and its ligands in tolerance and immunity

TL;DR: Current understanding of the immunoregulatory functions of PD-1 and its ligands and their therapeutic potential are discussed and an inhibitory bidirectional interaction between PD-L1 and B7-1 is discovered, revealing new ways the B7:CD28 family regulates T cell activation and tolerance.
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