The blood-spinal cord barrier: morphology and clinical implications.
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Cites background from "The blood-spinal cord barrier: morp..."
...Compared with the BBB, it is more permeable for tracers [86] and cytokines [81], partly due to a relative decrease in occludin and ZO-1 [6]....
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...Damage to the vasculature and breakdown of the BSCB is a universal consequence of spinal cord injury (SCI), clinically as well as in animal models [6]....
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...Its center contains the gray matter, neuronal perikarya, while the surrounding white matter consists of axons (reviewed in [6])....
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References
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"The blood-spinal cord barrier: morp..." refers background in this paper
...For a more detailed description of tight junction proteins, we refer the reader to specialized reviews.(4,6,7)...
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...It seems that the basal lamina is generated and maintained by all the cellular components of the blood– brain interface: endothelial cells, pericytes, and astrocytes.7,8 It has been shown that the basal lamina contributes to the cytoskeletal morphology of brain capillary endothelium, which in turn affects tight junction proteins and the integrity of BBB.7...
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...In 1 of the first in vitro models of BBB, the combined use of morphological and electrophysiological studies revealed the potential of this model for drug delivery across the BBB.31 Numerous other studies further contributed to elucidate histological changes to the BBB and BSBC in in vitro models of BBB.30,32–40 More recent publications have summarized the gain in knowledge and provide the most current insight.41–50 Using immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence technique and fluorescent live imaging, Zehendner et al, demonstrated the role of tight junction proteins, such ad ZO-1 and CL-5, in physiological properties of BBB.51 The interaction between astrocytes and the endothelial cells of the neurovascular unit is crucial for the maintenance of the barrier function....
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...Rather than contributing to the physical properties of the BBB, astrocyte control over the BBB phenotype is exerted mostly via secretory mechanisms that in turn determine the properties of other cellular constituents of the BBB.(6,9) Besides the aforementioned inductive role of astrocytes, astrocytic end feet processes express a high concentration of the water channel aquaporin 4 and potassium channel Kir4....
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...Rather than contributing to the physical properties of the BBB, astrocyte control over the BBB phenotype is exerted mostly via secretory mechanisms that in turn determine the properties of other cellular constituents of the BBB.6,9 Besides the aforementioned inductive role of astrocytes, astrocytic end feet processes express a high concentration of the water channel aquaporin 4 and potassium channel Kir4....
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3,783 citations
"The blood-spinal cord barrier: morp..." refers background in this paper
...between individual endothelial cells.(5) Several plasma membrane proteins forming tight junctions have been identified, including claudin, occludin, and adherens junction molecule....
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3,078 citations
"The blood-spinal cord barrier: morp..." refers background in this paper
...DCE-MRI involves the acquisition of T1weighted magnetic resonance images following intravenous administration of paramagnetic contrast agents such as gadopentetate dimeglumine (Gd).(28) Because the BSCB is impermeable to large molecules such as Gd, which has a molecular weight of 938Da, it can only leak from systemic circulation and into the spinal cord parenchyma when the BSCB is compromised....
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