The burden of disease and injury in Australia
TL;DR: Hindle et al. as mentioned in this paper reviewed the work of the authors of this paper and provided a review of their work.http://www.unsw.edu.au/healthservicesmanagement/
Abstract: Reviewed by Don Hindle, Visiting Professor, School of Health Services Management,University of New South Wales
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TL;DR: Despite uncertainties about mortality and burden of disease estimates, the findings suggest that substantial gains in health have been achieved in most populations, countered by the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Sub-Saharan Africa and setbacks in adult mortality in countries of the former Soviet Union.
5,168 citations
TL;DR: The burden of four major musculoskeletal conditions: osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, and low back pain, which affects nearly everyone at some point in time and about 4-33% of the population at any given point is described.
Abstract: Musculoskeletal conditions are a major burden on individuals, health systems, and social care systems, with indirect costs being predominant. This burden has been recognized by the United Nations and WHO, by endorsing the Bone and Joint Decade 2000-2010. This paper describes the burden of four major musculoskeletal conditions: osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, and low back pain. Osteoarthritis, which is characterized by loss of joint cartilage that leads to pain and loss of function primarily in the knees and hips, affects 9.6% of men and 18% of women aged > 60 years. Increases in life expectancy and ageing populations are expected to make osteoarthritis the fourth leading cause of disability by the year 2020. Joint replacement surgery, where available, provides effective relief. Rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory condition that usually affects multiple joints. It affects 0.3-1.0% of the general population and is more prevalent among women and in developed countries. Persistent inflammation leads to joint destruction, but the disease can be controlled with drugs. The incidence may be on the decline, but the increase in the number of older people in some regions makes it difficult to estimate future prevalence. Osteoporosis, which is characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration, is a major risk factor for fractures of the hip, vertebrae, and distal forearm. Hip fracture is the most detrimental fracture, being associated with 20% mortality and 50% permanent loss in function. Low back pain is the most prevalent of musculoskeletal conditions; it affects nearly everyone at some point in time and about 4-33% of the population at any given point. Cultural factors greatly influence the prevalence and prognosis of low back pain.
3,361 citations
TL;DR: Most of the disease burden caused by high blood pressure is borne by low-income and middle-income countries, by people in middle age, and by people with prehypertension.
2,044 citations
TL;DR: This study shows the potentially large impact that increasing fruit and vegetable intake could have in reducing many noncommunicable diseases, and highlights the need for much greater emphasis on dietary risk factors in public health policy.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: We estimated the global burden of disease attributable to low consumption of fruit and vegetables, an increasingly recognized risk factor for cardiovascular disease and cancer, and compared its impact with that of other major risk factors for disease. METHODS: The burden of disease attributable to suboptimal intake of fruit and vegetables was estimated using information on fruit and vegetable consumption in the population, and on its association with six health outcomes (ischaemic heart disease, stroke, stomach, oesophageal, colorectal and lung cancer). Data from both sources were stratified by sex, age and by 14 geographical regions. FINDINGS: The total worldwide mortality currently attributable to inadequate consumption of fruit and vegetables is estimated to be up to 2.635 million deaths per year. Increasing individual fruit and vegetable consumption to up to 600 g per day (the baseline of choice) could reduce the total worldwide burden of disease by 1.8%, and reduce the burden of ischaemic heart disease and ischaemic stroke by 31% and 19% respectively. For stomach, oesophageal, lung and colorectal cancer, the potential reductions were 19%, 20%, 12% and 2%, respectively. CONCLUSION: This study shows the potentially large impact that increasing fruit and vegetable intake could have in reducing many noncommunicable diseases. It highlights the need for much greater emphasis on dietary risk factors in public health policy in order to tackle the rise in noncommunicable diseases worldwide, and suggests that the proposed intersectoral WHO/FAO fruit and vegetable promotion initiative is a crucial component in any global diet strategy.
721 citations
01 Jan 2006
TL;DR: The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2001 as discussed by the authors provides an overview of the global and regional results for causes of disease and injury and provides a starting point for disease-specific economic and intervention analyses.
Abstract: This chapter documents the data sources and methods used to prepare the GBD 2001 estimates for DCP2 and provides an overview of the global and regional results for causes of disease and injury. The results presented here are those DCP2 used as a starting point for disease-specific economic and intervention analyses. The GBD 2001 incorporates a range of new data sources for developing internally consistent estimates of incidence, health state prevalence, severity, duration, and mortality for 136 major causes by sex and by eight age groups. It estimates deaths by cause, age, and sex for 226 countries and territories drawing on a total of 770 country-years of death registration data, as well as 535 additional sources of information on levels of child and adult mortality and in excess of 2,700 data sets providing information on specific causes of death in regions not well covered by death registration systems. Estimates of incidence, prevalence, severity, duration, and DALYs by cause, age, and sex drew on more than 8,500 data sources, including epidemiological studies, disease registers, and notification systems.
681 citations