The burden of musculoskeletal disease--a global perspective.
TL;DR: These figures emphasise how governments need to invest in the future and look at ways of reducing the burden of musculoskeletal diseases by encouraging exercise and obesity prevention campaigns.
Abstract: Musculoskeletal diseases are one of the major causes of disability around the world and have been a significant reason for the development of the Bone and Joint Decade. Rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and back pain are important causes of disability-adjusted-life years in both the developed and developing world. COPCORD studies in over 17 countries around the world have identified back and knee pain as common in the community and are likely to increase with the ageing population. Musculoskeletal conditions are an enormous cost to the community in economic terms, and these figures emphasise how governments need to invest in the future and look at ways of reducing the burden of musculoskeletal diseases by encouraging exercise and obesity prevention campaigns.
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TL;DR: It is found that overweight and obesity increase the risk of low back pain, and overweight and obesity have the strongest association with seeking care for low backPain and chronicLow back pain.
618 citations
Cites background from "The burden of musculoskeletal disea..."
...Low back pain is also a common health problem (2)....
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TL;DR: In this article, a meta-analysis assessed the association between overweight/obesity and low back pain, and found that overweight and obesity increased the risk of low-back pain.
Abstract: This meta-analysis assessed the association between overweight/obesity and low back pain. The authors systematically searched the Medline (National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland) and Embase (Elsevier, Amsterdam, the Netherlands) databases until May 2009. Ninety-five studies were reviewed and 33 included in the meta-analyses. In cross-sectional studies, obesity was associated with increased prevalence of low back pain in the past 12 months (pooled odds ratio (OR) = 1.33, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.14, 1.54), seeking care for low back pain (OR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.46, 1.67), and chronic low back pain (OR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.28, 1.60). Compared with non-overweight people, overweight people had a higher prevalence of low back pain but a lower prevalence of low back pain compared with obese people. In cohort studies, only obesity was associated with increased incidence of low back pain for > or =1 day in the past 12 months (OR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.22, 1.92). Results remained consistent after adjusting for publication bias and limiting the analyses to studies that controlled for potential confounders. Findings indicate that overweight and obesity increase the risk of low back pain. Overweight and obesity have the strongest association with seeking care for low back pain and chronic low back pain.
579 citations
TL;DR: These findings suggest that the entire articular surface of the synovial joint can regenerate without cell transplantation, and whether cell homing acts as an adjunctive or alternative approach of cell delivery for regeneration of tissues with different organisational complexity warrants further investigation.
565 citations
TL;DR: The main risk factors for reported episodes of severe and disabling LBP in UK women include the degree of LDD as assessed by MRI, being overweight and genetic heritability.
Abstract: Objective Low back pain (LBP) is a common musculoskeletal disorder, but it is still unclear which individuals develop it. The authors examined the contribution of genetic factors, lumbar disc degeneration (LDD) and other risk factors in a female sample of the general population. Material and Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 2256 women (371 and 698 monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs and 29 sibling pairs and 60 singletons) with a mean age of 50 years (18–84). A self-reported validated questionnaire was used to collect back pain data. Risk factors including body weight, smoking, occupation, physical exercise and MRI assessed LDD were measured. Data analysis included logistic regression and variance decomposition. Results The major factors associated with LBP included genetic background, with OR approximately 6 if the monozygotic co-twin had LBP, or 2.2 if she was a dizygotic co-twin. In addition, LDD and overweight were highly signifi cantly (p<0.001) associated with non-specifi c LBP. The single most important risk factor was the amount of LDD. After adjustment for other risk factors, the individuals who exhibited advanced LDD (90% vs 10%) had 3.2 higher odds of manifesting LBP. The data also showed a signifi cant (p<0.001) genetic correlation between the LBP and LDD measurements, suggesting that approximately 11–13% of the genetic effects are shared by LDD and LBP. Conclusions The main risk factors for reported episodes of severe and disabling LBP in UK women include the degree of LDD as assessed by MRI, being overweight and genetic heritability.
360 citations
Cites background or methods from "The burden of musculoskeletal disea..."
...However, the concordance rate in the total sample was signifi cantly higher in monozygotic versus dizygotic twins (χ 2 (2) =8....
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...24 The following radiographic coding on a scale of 0–3 was made for each of the fi ve intervertebral discs in the lumbar spine: (1) disc signal intensity within the nucleus pulposus; (2) disc height; (3) disc extension and (4) anterior osteophytes....
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TL;DR: Guideline for the Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis (The first 2 years) R. Luqmani, S. Oliver, Z. Walsh, C. Washbrook and F. Webb on behalf of the British Society for rheumatology and British Health Professionals in R heumatology Standards, Guidelines and Audit Working Group.
Abstract: British Society for Rheumatology and British Health Professionals in Rheumatology Guideline for the Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis (The first 2 years) R. Luqmani, S. Hennell, C. Estrach, F. Birrell, A. Bosworth, G. Davenport, C. Fokke, N. Goodson, P. Jeffreson, E. Lamb, R. Mohammed, S. Oliver, Z. Stableford, D. Walsh, C. Washbrook and F. Webb on behalf of the British Society for Rheumatology and British Health Professionals in Rheumatology Standards, Guidelines and Audit Working Group
314 citations
References
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University of Minnesota1, Lund University2, Mayo Clinic3, International Osteoporosis Foundation4, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre5, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital6, University of Washington7, Boston Children's Hospital8, University of Queensland9, University of Connecticut10, University of Iowa11, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill12, Southampton General Hospital13, Université catholique de Louvain14, University of Bristol15, University of Paris16, University of Ulm17, University of Pennsylvania18, University of California, San Francisco19, Erasmus University Rotterdam20, University of Maryland, Baltimore21, The Chinese University of Hong Kong22, National Institutes of Health23, Johns Hopkins University24, Apollo Hospitals25, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi26, Russian Academy27, New York University28, Royal Cornwall Hospital29, University of British Columbia30, University of Twente31, University of Lübeck32, University of Liège33, University of Geneva34, University of London35, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich36, University of Manchester37, Maastricht University38, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio39, Niigata University40, University of California41
TL;DR: It is clear from data collated that the impact from musculoskeletal conditions and trauma varies among different parts of the world and is influenced by social structure, expectation and economics, and that it is most difficult to measure impact in less developed nations, where the predicted increase is greatest.
Abstract: Musculoskeletal conditions are extremely common and include more than 150 different diseases and syndromes, which are usually associated with pain and loss of function. In the developed world, where these conditions are already the most frequent cause of physical disability, ageing of the most populous demographic groups will further increase the burden these conditions impose. In the developing world, successful care of childhood and communicable diseases and an increase in road traffic accidents is shifting the burden to musculoskeletal and other noncommunicable conditions. To help better prepare nations for the increase in disability brought about by musculoskeletal conditions, a Scientific Group meeting was held to map out the burden of the most prominent musculoskeletal conditions at the start of the Bone and Joint Decade. In particular, the Group gathered data on the incidence and prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, major limb trauma and spinal disorders. Data were collected and organized by world region, gender and age groups to assist with the ongoing WHO Global Burden of Disease 2000 study. The Group also considered what is known about the severity and course of these conditions, along with their economic impact. The most relevant domains to assess and monitor the consequences of these conditions were identified and used to describe health states for the different stages of the conditions. Instruments that measure these most important domains for the different conditions were recommended. It is clear from data collated that the impact from musculoskeletal conditions and trauma varies among different parts of the world and is influenced by social structure, expectation and economics, and that it is most difficult to measure impact in less developed nations, where the predicted increase is greatest.
445 citations
TL;DR: This is an overview of the first burden of disease and injury studies carried out in Australia, finding depression to be the top‐ranking cause of non‐fatal disease burden and tobacco smoking causes an estimated 10% of the total disease burden.
Abstract: This is an overview of the first burden of disease and injury studies carried out in Australia. Methods developed for the World Bank and World Health Organization Global Burden of Disease Study were adapted and applied to Australian population health data. Depression was found to be the top-ranking cause of non-fatal disease burden in Australia, causing 8% of the total years lost due to disability in 1996. Mental disorders overall were responsible for nearly 30% of the non-fatal disease burden. The leading causes of total disease burden (disability-adjusted life years [DALYs]) were ischaemic heart disease and stroke, together causing nearly 18% of the total disease burden. Depression was the fourth leading cause of disease burden, accounting for 3.7% of the total burden. Of the 10 major risk factors to which the disease burden can be attributed, tobacco smoking causes an estimated 10% of the total disease burden in Australia, followed by physical inactivity (7%).
376 citations
"The burden of musculoskeletal disea..." refers background in this paper
...P. M. Brooks (*) Executive Dean of Health Sciences, University of Queensland Herston, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia e-mail: p.brooks@uq.edu.au number of rural and urban communities around the world....
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...This has led to the establishment of a National Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Disease Task Force with increased research and development funding and a specific grant of some $11 million to Arthritis Australia to develop exercise programs....
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...37 Table 3 Mortality and mordibity burden data in Australia [4]...
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...Local country data (such as that from Australia) is important and can be used to persuade governments to recognise these conditions as was done in Australia in 2002 when arthritis and musculoskeletal disorders were added as the country’s 7th national health priority [3]....
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...A similar telephone survey conducted in Sydney, Australia showed 22% of respondents affected with chronic pain (pain every day for the past 3 months) and musculoskeletal disease being the most common cause (26...
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01 Jan 1999
TL;DR: There are age-related increases not only for hip and spine fractures in men but also for fractures of the proximal humerus, and the risk of falling increases with aging in men as well as women.
Abstract: Publisher Summary Overall fracture incidence is bimodal. Among adolescents and young adults, fractures are more common among males than females and usually result from significant trauma. Fractures of the shafts of long bones typify this pattern of occurrence. Distal forearm fractures are more frequent among males than females below age 35 years, but over this age they become more frequent in women, as do the other fractures that have been associated with osteoporosis. These traditionally include fractures of the hip and spine but, essentially all fractures in elderly women are associated with low bone density. Men also lose bone with aging. Moreover, most limb fractures are the result of falls, and the risk of falling increases with aging in men as well as women. Consequently, there are age-related increases not only for hip and spine fractures in men but also for fractures of the proximal humerus.
305 citations
TL;DR: Surgical obesity treatment reduces the long‐term risk of developing work‐restricting musculoskeletal pain and increases the likelihood of recovering from such pain.
Abstract: Obesity is associated with musculoskeletal pain and osteoarthritis. This study compares the prevalence of work-restricting musculoskeletal pain in an obese and a general population and investigates changes in the incidence of and recovery from musculoskeletal pain after bariatric surgery or conventional obesity treatment. A random sample of 1135 subjects from a general population was compared with 6328 obese subjects in the Swedish obese subjects (SOS) study. For the obese subjects, information about musculoskeletal pain was also collected 2 and 6 years after obesity surgery or the start of non-surgical treatment. In both sexes, self-reported work-restricting pain in the neck and back area and in the hip, knee and ankle joints was more common in the obese subjects than in the general population (odds ratios (ORs) ranging from 1.7 to 9.9, P<0.001). Operated obese women had a lower incidence of work-restricting pain in the knee and ankle joints compared with the conventionally treated control group over 2 and 6 years (ORs 0.51-0.71). Among subjects reporting symptoms at baseline, the recovery rate for pain in the knee and ankle joints in men and pain in the neck and back and in the hip, knee and ankle joints in women improved in the surgical group compared with the control group after 2 years (ORs 1.4-4.8). Obese subjects have more problems with work-restricting musculoskeletal pain than the general population. Surgical obesity treatment reduces the long-term risk of developing work-restricting musculoskeletal pain and increases the likelihood of recovering from such pain.
278 citations
"The burden of musculoskeletal disea..." refers background in this paper
...Interesting data to support an association between musculoskeletal pain and obesity [15] and the wellknown increasing prevalence of back pain with age (Fig....
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TL;DR: The prevalence of musculoskeletal pain is much higher than that reported over 40 yr ago and is unlikely to be entirely due to the study design; other possible explanations such as the increased reporting or awareness of these symptoms is discussed.
Abstract: Objective. To test the hypothesis that the prevalence of specific musculoskeletal pain symptoms has increased over time in the northwest region of England. To meet this objective we have examined the difference in the prevalence of low back, shoulder and widespread pain between the 1950s and today using historical data collected by the Arthritis Research Campaign (arc). Methods. Two cross-sectional surveys conducted over 40 yr apart in the northwest region of England. The status of two regional pain sites and widespread pain was determined using interview and questionnaire responses, for the earlier and later studies respectively. Subjects were classified positively if they reported low back pain, shoulder pain or widespread pain on the day of the survey. Rates were standardized to the Greater Manchester population. Results. There were large differences in the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain between the two surveys. For all three symptoms examined prevalence increased from 2- to 4-fold between the two surveys. In both surveys low back pain was more common in women. Shoulder and widespread pain was less prevalent in women than in men in the earlier survey but by the time of the later survey women reported more pain at these sites. Conclusions. The prevalence of musculoskeletal pain is much higher than that reported over 40 yr ago. The change in prevalence is unlikely to be entirely due to the study design; other possible explanations such as the increased reporting or awareness of these symptoms is discussed.
218 citations
"The burden of musculoskeletal disea..." refers background in this paper
...Musculoskeletal pain seems significantly more common than it was 40 years ago, according to a recent study from the North West of England [13]....
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