The C4 plant lineages of planet Earth
Citations
817 citations
Cites background from "The C4 plant lineages of planet Ear..."
...C4 (plant): those plants using the C4-photosynthetic strategy to assimilate carbon dioxide (see Sage et al. 2011). dealpine (organism, vegetation): occurring in relict, post-glacial habitats, usually at lower altitudes at the periphery of high mountain ranges, retaining certain microclimatic…...
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582 citations
Cites background from "The C4 plant lineages of planet Ear..."
...occur in phylogenetic branches that are sister to C4 lineages, indicating potential ancestry; however, 9 are separate enough within a phylogeny to indicate no ancestry to C4 species (Table 1) (25, 118)....
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...In total, 62 distinct lineages of C4 photosynthesis are listed in a recent survey (118)....
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...The C4 pathway evolved independently at least 66 times within the past 35 million years, making it one of the best examples of evolutionary convergence in the living world (52, 118)....
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...’s (118) study published in 2011, bringing the current number of known lineages to 66–68 (52)....
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...Both genera have extant species that qualify as evolutionary intermediates between the C3 and C4 condition, with Flaveria having nine C3–C4 intermediate species (118)....
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471 citations
Cites background from "The C4 plant lineages of planet Ear..."
...It occursmainly in grasses, in somedicotyledonous herbs, shrubs, and in a small number of trees (Pearcy & Troughton, 1975; Sage et al., 2011)....
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450 citations
364 citations
References
5,035 citations
"The C4 plant lineages of planet Ear..." refers background in this paper
...The Amaranthaceae sensu lato (¼ Chenopodiaceae ss and Amaranthaceae ss; APG III, 2009) is the most prolific family, with 15 distinct lineages of C4 taxa and ;750 C4 species (Figs 1, 2; Sage et al., 1999)....
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...APG III....
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...An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III....
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...26 Caryophyllales Gisekiaceae Gisekia Unknown Unknown Old World APG III (2009) 27 Caryophyllales Molluginaceae Mollugo cerviana/...
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...Because they are the only known C4 representatives of broader and presumably monophyletic taxonomic groups whose phylogenetic positions have been determined (APG III, 2009), they are reported as distinct C4 lineages....
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1,943 citations
"The C4 plant lineages of planet Ear..." refers background in this paper
...With this comprehensive understanding, plant biologists were able to survey the plant kingdom rapidly and by the mid-1970s identified most of the genera containing C4 species (Smith and Epstein, 1971; Downton, 1975; Smith and Turner, 1975; Webster et al., 1975; Sankhla et al., 1975)....
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1,057 citations
"The C4 plant lineages of planet Ear..." refers background or methods in this paper
...The literature was screened for taxonomic surveys of photosynthetic types as well as phylogenetic information, and then the occurrence of C4 photosynthesis was mapped onto recent phylogenies following the approach of Kellogg (1999) and Sage (2004)....
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...Following the mutation leading to GDC localization, C3–C4 species evolve many C4-like traits such as close vein spacing and enlarged BSCs to optimize the efficiency of photorespiratory CO2 concentration (Sage, 2004)....
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...This compares with 45 lineages listed by Sage (2004) and 31 listed by Kellogg (1999)....
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...…is that reduction in atmospheric CO2 in the late Oligocene increased photorespiration in warm climates, thereby facilitating selection for CO2-concentrating mechanisms such as C4 photosynthesis (Sage, 2001, 2004; Christin et al., 2008; Vicentini et al., 2009; Edwards et al., 2010; Osborne, 2011)....
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...Anatomical characters in C3 ancestors could include close vein spacing, enlarged BSCs, or low mesophyll to bundle sheath ratios (Sage, 2004; McKown et al., 2005; Sage et al., 2011)....
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878 citations
"The C4 plant lineages of planet Ear..." refers background in this paper
...…is that reduction in atmospheric CO2 in the late Oligocene increased photorespiration in warm climates, thereby facilitating selection for CO2-concentrating mechanisms such as C4 photosynthesis (Sage, 2001, 2004; Christin et al., 2008; Vicentini et al., 2009; Edwards et al., 2010; Osborne, 2011)....
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